Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
RESEARCH
(Affiliated to D.A.V.V., INDORE)
ON
INTRODUCTION
In the present era of globalization and development of a world market for traditional
and herbal medicine, research & development is needed to promote the
production and export of quality products in the form of drugs, food
supplements, toiletries and cosmetics. There is an intense competition from
other countries in the trade of herbal products. India’s share in the world market
is negligible. The revised extra-mural research project has, therefore, been
designed to encourage R&D in priority areas so that the research findings lead to
validation of claims and acceptability of the AYUSH approach and drugs.
RESULT
The data available for the thirteen years of exports of AYUSH products (Ayurveda,
Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy) shows constant increase in
the export. The export have shown a very good growth in the year (2006-07;
2007-08) the growth of exports have been great and the requirement is also
fulfilled by Indian exporters because of the proper production in those years and
the proper climatic conditions were also there.. However, apart from that the
growth of exports has been registered from the data available of past thirteen
years. There is an immense potential in the coming years in this sector because of
increasing demand in these markets. Talking about the trend analysis of the data
is not having much difference in them but yet increasing so we have an on the
line graph because there is not much difference in the data registered. The new
reformed policies introduced by the government in the latest foreign trade policy
i.e. 2009-2014 have also announced various schemes and incentives for the
exporters to promote exports.
CONCLUSION
After analyzing the past 13 years data using trend analysis and predicting future data,
a growth can be seen in the exports of AYUSH products from India. If exporters
follow, the norms and standards placed by World Trade Organization, then for sure
there will be a high growth and India will be able to export more AYUSH products to
the these countries. If there will be total government support through good reforms
and policies then there will be good amount of growth in the exports of AYUSH
products and this sector will become one of the decent foreign exchange earners in
the upcoming years. Understanding of global market and emerging trends is the basic
prerequisite to stay and grow in international markets
CONTENTS
Page No.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1-27
a) Conceptual Framework 2-26
b) Rationale of the Study 27
c) Objective of the Study 27
REFERENCE 39
INTRODUCTION
1
In the present era of globalization and development of a world market for traditional
and herbal medicine, research & development is needed to promote the
production and export of quality products in the form of drugs, food
supplements, toiletries and cosmetics. There is an intense competition from
other countries in the trade of herbal products. India’s share in the world market
is negligible. The revised extra-mural research project has, therefore, been
designed to encourage R&D in priority areas so that the research findings lead to
validation of claims and acceptability of the AYUSH approach and drugs.
2
There are two statutory regulatory bodies, namely Central Council of Indian
Medicine (CCIM) and Central Council of Homoeopathy (CCH) for laying down
minimum standards of education, recommending recognition of medical
qualifications, registering the practitioners and laying down of ethical codes.
Four research councils, for Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS), Unani (CCRUM),
Yoga and Naturopathy(CCRYN) and Homoeopathy (CCRH) are responsible for
the officially. Sponsored research activities. So far, eight National Institutes are
existing at national level for teaching, research and clinical practices. For
standardisation and testing of drugs, various agencies have been put in plan by
the Government of India. Four different Pharmacopoeia Committees are working
for preparing official formularies /pharmacopoeias to evolve uniform standards
in preparation of drugs of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy and to
prescribe working standards for single drugs as well as compound formulations.
A Drug Quality Control Cell is working in the Department to deal with the
matters pertaining to licensing, regulation and control of drugs and the spurious
manufacture of Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha Drugs and other matters.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
3
Department of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homeopathy (ISH&H) was set up in
1995 to ensure the optimal development and propagation of AYUSH systems of
health care. It was renamed as the Department of Ayurveda, Yoga &
Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) in November, 2003.
The Department continued to make steady progress during the year 2005-2006.
Emphasis was laid on implementing the schemes which address the thrust areas
identified by the Department like up gradation of educational standards, quality
control and standardizations of drugs, improving the availability of raw material,
research and development and awareness generation about the efficacy of the
systems domestically and internationally.
The involvement of AYUSH in the national health care delivery systems including
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was given a thrust in keeping with the
strategies laid out in National Policy on ISM&H-2002.Standardisation of drugs
and quality control continued to receive focused attention. Department of
AYUSH issued three Orders to ensure Quality Control of ASU Drugs.
Displaying on the label of the container or package of an Ayurveda, Siddha and
Unani drug, the true list of all ingredients (official and botanical names) used in
the manufacture of the preparation together with the quantity of each of the
ingredients incorporated therein has been made mandatory. All the State ASU
Drug Licensing Authority have been directed to take action against the defaulting
ASU Drug manufacturers for failure to comply with the Good Manufacturing
Practices notified under Schedule ‘T’ of the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945.
Testing for heavy metals, viz., Arsenic, Lead, Mercury and Cadmium in all
purely herbal Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani drugs has been made mandatory for
export purposes w.e.f. 1st January, 2006.
4
The Department has been taking serious initiatives for integrating AYUSH with the
modern medicine. Mainstreaming of AYUSH is envisaged in the National Rural
Health Mission. The Department of AYUSH is implementing a Centrally
Sponsored Scheme for promoting Indian Systems of Medicine & Homoeopathy.
5
The Department has, over the years, developed a broad institutional framework to
carry out the activities in the field of AYUSH. The institutional framework
consists of two statutory regulatory bodies, namely, Central Council of Indian
Medicine (CCIM) and Central Council of Homoeopathy (CCH), for laying down
minimum standards of education, recommending recognition of medical
qualifications, registering the practitioners and ethical matters; apex research
bodies known as the Central Councils of Research for Ayurveda and Siddha,
Unani Medicine, Homoeopathy, Yoga and Naturopathy; apex educational
institutes such as National Institutes of Ayurveda, Homoeopathy, Naturopathy,
Unani System of Medicine, Yoga and Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth;
Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy
Pharmacopoeial Laboratory; Pharmacopoeial Committees for the different
systems of medicine and Ayurveda Hospital, Lodhi Road, New Delhi which has
been transferred from Department of Health to Department of AYUSH for its
management.
6
Besides, Information, Education & Communication (IEC) Cell and a Facilitation
Center have also been functioning in the Department.The Department realizes the
need to develop itself into a dynamic and flexible organization in a rapidly
changing and complex environment. The Department also realizes the need for
appropriate human resource policy to maintain the motivation and cooperation of
its employees to increase their Adopt DOTS if test confirms T.B. efficiency. In
order to streamline the working of the autonomous bodies, amendment in the
composition and constitution of Governing Bodies and other Committees has
been completed. The Scientific Advisory Committees (SACs) continue to ensure
that proper technical & scientific inputs are available for undertaking promising,
contemporary areas of research keeping in view the strengths of these systems.
AYUSH SYSTEMS
7
1) Ayurveda
Ayurveda is perhaps as old as our civilization. This "science of Life"
(Ayu +Veda) takes an integrated view of the physical, mental, spiritual
and social aspects of human beings, each impinging on the others.
Ayurveda was referred to in the Vedas (Rigveda and Atharvaveda) and
around 1000B.C. the knowledge of Ayurveda was comprehensively
documented in Charak Samhita and Sushrutha Samhita. According to
Ayurveda health is considered as a pre-requisite forachieving the goals
of life - Dharmas, Arth,Kama and Moksha (Salvation) and all objects and
living bodies are composed of five basic elements, the Pancha
Mahabhootas, namely: Prithvi (earth), Jal (water), Agni (fire), Vayu (air)
and Akash (ether).
8
adverse side-effects. Ayurveda developed into eight distinct specialities,
i.e., Kayachikitsa (Internal Medicine), Kaumar Bhritya (Pediatrics),
Graha Chikitsa (Psychiatry), Shalakya (Eye and ENT), Shalyatantra
(Surgery), Visha Tantra (Toxicology), Rasayana (Geriatrics) and
Vajkarna (Science of virility).
9
causing-factors and to maintain the equilibrium of doshas. The
Panchakarma therapy reduces the chances of recurrence of the disease
and promotes positive health by rejuvenating the vital body systems.
10
2) Unani:
The Unani System of Medicine, which originated in Greece and passed
through many countries before establishing itself in India
during the medieval period, is based on well-established knowledge and
practices relating to the promotion of positive health and prevention
of diseases. The Unani System has grown out of the fusion of the
traditional knowledge of ancient civilizations like Egypt, Arabia,
Iran,China, Syria and India. The system of medicine was documented in
Al-Qanoon, a medical Bible, by Sheikh Bu-Ali Sina (Avicena) (980-
1037 AD), and in Al-Havi by Razi (850-923 AD) and in many other
books written by the Unani physicians. The Unani system is based on the
Humoral theory i.e, the presence of blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black
bile in a person. The temperament of a person can accordingly be
sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric and melancholic depending on the
presence and combination of humors. According to Unani theory, the
humors and medicinal plants themselves are assigned temperaments.
Any change in quantity and quality of the humors, brings about a change
in the status of the health of the human body. A proper balance of
humors is required for the maintenance of health. Treatment in Unani
consists of three components, namely, preventive, promotive and
curative.
11
There are four forms of treatment in Unani medicine-Pharmaco therapy,
Dietotherapy, Regimental Therapy and Surgery. Regimental therapy (Ilaj
BidTadbir) is a special technique/ physical method of treatment to
improve the constitution of body by removing waste materials and
improving the defense mechanism of the body and protect health. The
Unani system of medicine offers various methods of treatment which are
used for specific and complicated diseases. It emphasizes the use of
naturally occurring, mostly herbal, medicines and also uses some
medicines of animal, marine and mineral origin. During the last 50
years,seven Post graduate specialities have been developed (i)
Kulliyat(Fundamentals of Unani System of Medicine (ii) IlmulAdviya
(Pharmacology) (iii) Amraz-e-Niswan (Gynaecology) (iv) Amraz-e-Atfal
(Paediatrics) (v) Tahafuzzi-wa-Samaji-Tib (Social and Preventive
Medicine) (vi)Moalejat(Medicine) and (vii) Jarahiyat (Surgery).
3) Siddha:
The Siddha System is one of the oldest systems of medicine in India and
is practised in the Tamil speaking parts of India and abroad. The term
Siddha means 'achievements' and Siddhars were saintly persons who
achieved 'results' in medicine. Eighteen Siddhars were said to have
contributed towards the development of this medical system. Siddha
literature is in Tamil and it is largely therapeutic in nature.
12
The system has developed a rich and unique treasure house of drug
knowledge in which use of metals and minerals is liberally made. Siddha
medicines containing mercury, silver, arsenic, lead and sulphur have
been found to be effective in treating certain
infectious diseases including venereal diseases. The Siddha system is
effective in treating chronic cases of liver, skin diseases especially
"Psoriasis", rheumatic problems, anemia, prostate enlargement, bleeding
piles and peptic ulcer. During the last four decades, there has been
continuous development in Siddha medical education and this has led to
the establishment of the six specialities in post-graduate teaching and
training. These are Maruthuvam (General Medicine), Sirappu
Maruthuvam (SpecialMedicine), Kuzhanthai Maruthuvam (Paediatrics),
Gunapada(Pharmacology), Noi Nadal (Pathology) and Nanju Nool and
Maruthuva Neethinool (Toxicology).
13
4) Yoga:
Yoga is primarily a way of life, first propounded by Patanjali in systematic form.
It consists of eight components namely, restraint, observance of austerity,
physical postures, breathing exercise, restraining of sense organs, contemplation,
meditation and samadhi. These steps in the practice of Yoga have the potential to
improve social and personal behavior and to improve physical health by
encouraging better circulation of oxygenated blood in the body, restraining the
sense organs and thereby inducing tranquility and serenity of mind. The practice
of Yoga has also been found to be useful in the prevention of certain
psychosomatic disorders/diseases and improves individual resistance and ability
to endure stressful situations. Yoga is a promotive, preventive and curative
intervention. A number of postures are described in Yogic works to improve
health, to prevent diseases and to cure illness. The physical postures are required
to be chosen judiciously and have to be practised in the correct way so that the
benefits of prevention of disease, promotion of health and therapeutic use can be
derived from them.
Studies have revealed that Yogic practice improves intelligence and memory and
help in developing resistance to situations of
strain and stress and also help individuals to develop an integrated personality.
Meditation can stabilize emotional changes and prevent abnormal functions of
the vital organs of the body. Studies have shown that meditation not
only restrains the sense organs but also controls the nervous system. Yoga today
is no longer restricted to hermits, saints, sages and it has taken its place in
everyday life and has aroused a world-wide awakening and acceptance.
5) Naturopathy:
14
Naturopathy is a drugless, non-invasive therapy involving the use of
natural materials in its treatment based on the theories of vitality,
toxiemia, self healing capacity of the body and the principles of healthy
living. Naturopathy is not only a system of treatment but also a way of
life. It is a system of medicine widely practised, globally accepted and
recognized by WHO. Naturopathy is a system of living in harmony with
constructive principles of Nature on the physical, mental, moral and
spiritual planes. It has great promotive, preventive, curative as well as
restorative potential. Naturopathy is a scientific system of healing,
stimulating the body's inherent power to regain health with the help of
five great elements of nature - Earth, Water, Air, Fire and Ether.
6) Homoeopathy:
The Physicians from the time of Hippocrates (around 400 B.C.) have
observed that certain substances could produce symptoms of a disease in
healthy people similar to those of people suffering from the disease. Dr.
Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann, a German physician,
scientifically examined this phenomenon and codified the fundamental
principles of Homoeopathy. Homoeopathy was brought to India around
1810 A.D. by European missionaries and received official recognition by
a resolution passed by the Constituent Assembly in 1948 and then by the
Parliament.
15
The first principle of Homoeopathy 'Similia Similibus Curentur', says
that a medicine which could induce a set of symptoms in healthy human
beings would be capable of curing a similar set of symptoms in human
beings actually suffering from the disease. The second principle of
'Single Medicine' says that one medicine should be administered at a
time to a particular patient during the treatment. The third principle of
'Minimum Dose' states that the bare minimum dose of a drug which
would induce a curative action without any adverse effect should be
administered. Homoeopathy is based on the assumption that the
causation of a disease mainly depends upon the susceptibility or
proneness of an individual to the incidence of the particular disease in
addition to the action of external agents like bacteria, viruses, etc.
16
Homoeopathy has its own areas of strength in therapeutics and it is
particularly useful in treatment for allergies, autoimmune disorders and
viral infections. Many surgical, gynaecological and obstetrical and
paediatric conditions and ailments affecting the eyes, nose, ear, teeth,
skin, sexual organs, etc. are amenable to homoeopathic treatment.
Behavioral disorders, neurological problems and metabolic diseases can
also be successfully treated by Homoeopathy. Homoeopathy can also be
useful for de-addiction from drugs, tobacco and alcohol. Apart from the
curative aspects, Homoeopathic medicines are also used in preventive
and promotive health care. In recent times, there is an emergence of
interest in the use of Homoeopathic medicines in veterinary care,
agriculture, dentistry, etc. Homoeopathic medical education has
developed in seven specialties in post-graduate teaching, which are
Materia Medica, Organon of Medicine, Repertory, Practice of Medicine,
Paediatrics, Pharmacy and Psychiatry.
Seven thousands company in India produce Ayurvdic medicines, but most of them
are quite small, including numerous neighbourhood pharmacies that compound
ingredients to make their own remedies. It is estimated that the total value of
products from the entire Ayurvedic production in India is on the order of one
billion dollars (U.S).Less than a dozen major companies have dominated the
industry for decades, joined recently by a few others that have followed their
lead, so that there are today 30 companies doing a million dollar or more per year
in business to meet the growing demand of Ayurvedic medicine. the products of
these companies are included within the broad category of “fast moving
consumer goods” (FMCG; which mainly involves
foods,bevereges,toiletries,cigarettes,etc.).Most of the larger ayurvedic medicine
suppliers provide materials other than Ayurvedic internal medicines, particularly
in the areas of food and toiletries (soap,toothpaste,shampoo,etc.),where there
may be some overlap with Ayurveda, such as having traditional herbal
ingredients in the composition of toiletries.
17
NATURE OF THE AYURVEDIC INDUSTRY
Ayurveda system is predominant amongst India’s health care systems and has a 70%
share formal medicine it is estimated that the total annual turnover of the industry
is around Rs.40.4 billion, although the figures are uncertain due to the large
number of micro units market. Ayurvedic manufacturing units can be broadly
classified into two groups:
Organized Sector: Comprising well-established manufacturers who operate in both
domestic and international markets. These could be large or small units. Often a
small manufacturer can be considerably strong in a niche market.
Unorganized sector: Comprising mainly practicing ayurvedic doctors (vaidya) and
micro-units manufacturing only a few products and operating at local levels.
Why 6000 units in India:-
18
Dabur
Baidyanath
Morepen labs
Hindustan lever Ltd.
Zandu
Russia, U.S.A., Germany, U.K., France, Switzerland and Japan are major importers
of Indian ayurvedic products. The major exports from India are in crude forms:
herbal medicine that is in the form of roots, leaves, herbs powder can be sold in
processed form only if the formulation is registered in the county of import. This
is a lengthy and costly process, hence most of the ayurvedic drugs are either sold
as para medicine or food supplement.
During the last decade, exports reached a value of Rs.4.46 billion recent report by the
planning Commission estimates massive potential increases in the export
volume, to Rs.30 billion by 2005.
19
The global demand scenario provides a very considerable potential market for
ayurvedic products.however, despite estimate of rapidly increasing demand.
India’s share of the world herbal market is quite insignificant-the value of herbal
exports from China and Thailand, for example. are much higher (e.g. China’s
exports are around Rs.220 billion compared to Rs.4.46 billion for India).
DISTRIBUTION
Kind of a channel also depends upon the kind of the market size ad its potential. The
distribution channel of these companies is through there in the developed
companies as the market is very competitive due to the presence of the allopathic
drugs. Companies like Himalaya health care have there own stores in Germany.
Dabur distributes through their own distributors.sma layers like Shraddha exports
are more through E-mail and visits by the company export employee.
20
In India, 60% of registered physicians are involved in non-allopathic systems of
medicine. In addition to the nearly 4, 00,000 Ayurvedic practitioners, there are
over 1, 70,000 homeopathic physicians; India has about 5,00,000 medical doctors
(similar to the number in the U.S., but serving nearly 4 times as many people).
Reliance on Ayurvedic medicine is heavy in certain regions of India, such as
Kerala in the Southwest. Many Ayurvedic practitioners in small villages are not
registered.
Exim Bank Study Highlights Export Potential of Ayurveda and Siddha Products &
Services
Exim Bank's latest publication titled "Exporting Indian Healthcare", highlights the
prospects for export of Ayurveda and Siddha products and services and the issues
involved therein. The book was released by Shri Anandrao Adsul, Hon'ble
Minister of State for Finance (Expenditure, Banking and Insurance), Government
of India, at a function organised by Exim Bank in New Delhi on April 4, 2003.
India has been using its rich biodiversity in the healthcare segment for many years. Its
rich traditional experience and wisdom is ensconced in the Ayurveda and Siddha
systems of medicine. The study explores the infrastructure facilities in the Indian
systems of medicine highlighting the lacunae in the area of educational
infrastructure, research and development, standardisation and quality control.
21
Exports of Ayurveda and Siddha products and services offer huge potential,
considering that over 80% of the world population relies on the traditional
systems of medicines to meet their primary healthcare needs. World demand for
herbal products has been growing at a rate of 10% -15% per annum. There is also
a growing demand for natural products including items of medicinal value in the
international market. The medicinal plants related trade in India alone is
approximately Rs 5.5 billion. Global market for herbal products, which include
medicines, health supplements, herbal beauty and toiletry products, is estimated
at around US $ 62 billion. Out of this, the market for herbal medicine alone is
estimated at around US $ 5 billion and is expected to reach US$ 16 billion by
2005.
22
The global herbal product markets, (estimated at US $ 16.7 billion in 1997) are
mainly in Europe and North America, which together account for 63% of the
world market. The European market for herbal remedies accounts for 45% of the
global market, and stood at US $ 7.5 billion in 1997. Germany and France are the
most established markets with a share of 22% and 11% in Europe, respectively.
China is the major exporter of traditional medicine to the world market. India
needs to organise itself well to get any significant share in this growing market
segment.
The study identifies both supply-side constraints such as lack of standardisation, lack
of knowledge on international regulations governing the imports of such
products, etc., as well as demand dynamics in the overseas market, which inhibit
India's exports of Ayurveda and Siddha products and services. In addition, the
issue of intellectual property is also touched upon. The challenges facing the
traditional medicine system today is how to optimise the use of intellectual
property rights by the rights holders and to prevent its abuse and misuse by non-
rights holders.
The study concludes with a set of recommendations, at both macro and micro levels,
to support the export efforts of Ayurveda and Siddha products manufacturers and
service providers in order to consolidate, mobilise and organise the sector. With
the global market growing at a much faster rate than the domestic market, the
Ayurveda and Siddha manufacturers need to orient themselves to cater to the
export needs. Organising the structure of the Ayurveda and Siddha sector and
developing it as a parallel pharmaceutical industry and medical practice through
modernisation and upgradation is vital for the sector to flourish.
23
Promoting Ayurveda and Siddha products and services as export items calls for an
integrated effort from Government, industry, and educational and research
institutions. Developing export markets would require innovative measures such
as creating a few clusters - Ayurveda and Siddha cooperatives and parks. Given
the support for global competitiveness by the government, possibilities of setting
up Ayurveda and Siddha hospitals and centres abroad can be explored.
Simultaneously, the industry needs to focus on the development of services that
can be exported, and project Ayurveda and Siddha as complete health packages.
The opportunities offered by exports of Ayurveda and Siddha products and
services are immense and can be realised, provided persistent and focused efforts
are made by all stakeholders.
The utilization of herbal drugs is on the flow and the market is growing step by step.
The annual turnover of the Indian herbal medicinal industry is about Rs.2300
crores as against the pharmaceutical industry’s turnover of Rs. 14500 crores with
a growth rate of 15 percent. The export of medicinal plants and herbs from India
has been quite substantial in the last few years. India is the second largest
producer of castor seeds in the world, producing about 1,25,000 tonnes per
annum. The major pharmaceuticals exported from India in the recent years are:
Isabgol,
Opium Alkaloids,
Senna derivatives,
Vinca extract,
Cinchona alkaloids,
Solasodine,
Diosgenine/16DPA,
Menthol,
24
Gudmar herb,
Mehdi
EXPORT CHANNELS
In India, enterprises provided typical export flows for their exported medicinal
natural products. For example, one Indian enterprise operating in a Special Export
Zone (SEZ) provided an example of their U.S. trade channels. They export to a single
exclusive master distributor who in turn re-distributes into four different channels:
Manufacturing Facility in SEZ - Exclusive / Master Distributor in the USA.
Some of the enterprises stated that they do not export directly at this time but their
authorized dealers are exporting their products to countries including Malaysia, UAE,
and USA. This product manufacturer desires to eventually export and market its
products directly to selected foreign markets. They are also aware that there may be
some risks involved with the present situation of products being exported only via
secondary distributors.
In the current scenario the manufacturer is selling to about 2,000 franchised retail
pharmacies in India. Some of these franchises are exporting products directly to
clinics and doctors in foreign markets including the UK. The manufacturer may not
even know how many Indian retail pharmacies are exporting its products and under
what conditions. It is also possible that some pharmacies may have notified or
25
registered the manufacturer‘s products in certain foreign countries without the
manufacturer‘s knowledge. In any case, neither the Indian retail pharmacy exporter
nor the foreign clinic or physician importer will have the capacity or resources for
proper legal notification and registration of these medicinal products. Therefore, the
product manufacturer is considering how to take control over its current export
business which is presently occurring outside of their control.
26
INDIAN EXPORT PROMOTION STRUCTURE
The central objectives of the Schemes for Development of New Formulations, etc,
would be to
1) Provide funding for AYUSH Industry / entrepreneurs who are desirous of
launching new products and aiding their technical development and validation
as per GLP, GCP, GMP and other norms for a world class product dossier;
2) Provide funding for research & development of new products that fall within
the classification of nutritional and dietary supplements; and
27
The measurable outputs for this Scheme in the 11th plan would be the
1) Development of globally acceptable standardized AYUSH
formulations catering to immense global demand for natural products through
PPP model;
3) Rise in exports of products put up for retail sales from the AYUSH
sector to Rs 3000 Crore by 2012 from Rs 120 Crore in 2005; and
The central objectives of the ―Scheme to Identify, Promote and Develop ―Star
product are as follows:
1) To identify ― star product(s) from India to the world on the lines of ginseng
and develop it for the international market;
The measurable outputs for this scheme for the 11th plan would be:
28
3) Establishment of a bilateral dialogue between India and health authorities for
acceptance of AYUSH products;
7) Increase of exports of value added from the sector to Rs 10,000 Crore from
the current Rs 1200 Crore;
29
exports are some of the major areas requiring attention. There is thus a felt
need to study all these provisions and evolve national guidelines to promote
this sector. Nation-wise policy studies will be initiated and representatives of
various stakeholder groups involved in formulating policy guidelines for
development of this sector.
• Special Medicinal Plant Processing Zones: “The herbal sector has remained
neglected over a long period and needs a kick start to give it developmental
push. It is proposed to set up agro-climatic region-wise medicinal plant
processing zones (MPPZs) to promote organized collection from wild and
cultivation of priority species. These MPPZs will also be provided with
facilities for post harvest management, storage, semi-processing, quality
checks, packaging and trade. It is intended to gradually reduce the exploitation
of the gatherer and the farmer engaged in medicinal plant collection and
cultivation and to ensure better returns to him. The MPPZs will, in future,
become centres for production and procurement of quality botanicals.
30
OVERALL EXPORTS FROM AYUSH INDUSTRY
31
BARRIERS TO HERBAL EXPORT
Indian exports to the western countries are being increasingly threatened with
various non tariff barriers raised by the regulatory bodies of these nations.
Pharmaceutical exports from India to the US, Europe, Africa and Latin
America are already in trouble on account of the entry barriers imposed by
the European and US governments during last two years.
Now, India's ayurvedic exports to Europe are going to get hit quite badly
from 2011 if the European Union is successful in enforcing the Traditional
Herbal Medicinal Products Directive (THMPD). The directive is expected to
take effect from April 2011 and can seriously bring down the Indian herbal
exports to these countries. The directive does not seem to be entirely a non
tariff barrier as there has been certain serious quality issues relating to Indian
herbal exports in the past. THMPD is stated to have framed to provide a
regulatory approval process for herbal medicines entering the EU countries.
The demand for herbal products and ayurveda system of treatment have been
on the rise in Europe and North America mainly because of the growing
Indian population. A large number of ayurvedic preparations are being thus
exported to these countries over the years. These exports were never
subjected to strict regulatory scrutiny for several years in these developed
countries as they were regarded as food supplements and nutraceuticals. But
32
after detection of certain substandard herbal and ayurvedic products with
heavy metal contents in recent years, the regulatory authorities in these
countries have become cautious. THMPD was framed after such quality
problems were noticed.
India lacked quality guidelines for herbal products for long and there are
thousands of small and tiny units manufacturing these products but observe
no standards in procuring raw materials and in manufacturing. This approach
needs to be changed and manufacturers of these products have to adopt
modern scientific practices if they have to remain in the market and sell their
products abroad and in India. National Medicinal Plants Board under the
Department of Ayush, in collaboration with the WHO's Country office for
India, has issued a comprehensive guideline on Good Field Collection
Practices for India. The Department has also started an 'Ayush' certification
as a mark of quality standard approved by the Quality Council of India.
These are positive initiatives by the Central government and the units of all
sizes have to fall in line sooner than later if they have to survive in the
competitive environment.
33
RATIONALE OF THE STUDY
Exports and Imports play an important role in a country’s economy and it has its
effect on a country’s Balance of Payment position. India has been trading a number of
AYUSH products to various countries not only to meet its own domestic demand but
also to import/export the scarcely available products. The main rationale behind this
study is to get an overview of AYUSH products & its future prospects and also the
export potential of AYUSH products from India.
34
METHODOLOGY
The basic knowledge about the workings of AYUSH has to be gathered thorough the
secondary data available on the internet and the documents available in the
institute library. The quantum of information on this subject matter is enormous
and updated. The secondary sources such as internet and news articles cover
almost all major players.
In short, the research for knowledge through objective and systematic method of
finding solution to the problem is research. Research methodology is a way to
systematically solve the research problem. When we talk of research
methodology we not only talk about research method but also consider the logic
behind the research method we have used in the context of the research.
THE STUDY
It is exploratory study to analyze export potential of AYUSH products from India and
to develop the comprehensive understanding of the factor affecting the export and to
develop suggestions to overcome it.
THE SAMPLE
The data of last thirteen years (1995-96 to 2008-09) based on the present AYUSH
products export from India to other countries and its growth as per past years data is
selected.
35
THE TOOLS
i) Data Collection
Secondary Source: Those, which have already been collected by someone
else and which have already been through, the statistical process and thus are
available on internet sites and any other media for that matter. The secondary
data will be collected from internet and references from Library.
ii) Data Analysis: The data were analysed through Trend analysis technique
using SPSS statistical software for a suitable forecasting model based on
export data. Graphs and tables will be used for presentation of the data and
findings to make it apparent and understandable
36
RESULTS
TREND ANALYSIS
EXPORT OF AYUSH PRODUCTS
(Value in Rs. Crores.)
2008-09 - 2277.34
2009-10 - 2393.71
2010-11 - 2510.07
2011-12 - 2626.44
2012-13 - 2742.81
37
TREND
export
38
3
-1
12
20 -12
11
20 -11
10
20 -10
09
20 -09
08
20 -08
07
20 -07
06
20 -06
05
20 -05
04
20 -04
Year
03
20 -03
02
20 -02
01
20 -01
00
20 -00
99
19 -99
98
19 -98
97
19 -97
96
19 -96
95
19
3000
2000
1000
0
Value in Rs. Crore
The data available for the thirteen years of exports of AYUSH products (Ayurveda,
Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy) shows constant increase in
the export. The export have shown a very good growth in the year (2006-07;
2007-08) the growth of exports have been great and the requirement is also
fulfilled by Indian exporters because of the proper production in those years and
the proper climatic conditions were also there.. However, apart from that the
growth of exports has been registered from the data available of past thirteen
years. There is an immense potential in the coming years in this sector because of
increasing demand in these markets. Talking about the trend analysis of the data
is not having much difference in them but yet increasing so we have an on the
line graph because there is not much difference in the data registered. The new
reformed policies introduced by the government in the latest foreign trade policy
i.e. 2009-2014 have also announced various schemes and incentives for the
exporters to promote exports.
39
DISCUSSION
The results which are being obtained by analyzing the data with the help of trend
analysis which has shown that there is a lot of potential in exporting of AYUSH
products to the different countries.
The major markets for AYUSH are Africa which represents 6% of AYUSH exports,
CIS (mainly Russia and Ukraine), SAARC, Middle East and ASEAN.
The salient feature of Ayurveda, Sidha and Unani medicines is that the raw materials
are used by in large in wholesome form providing synergy of the phyto constituents
to form the basis of therapeutic effect.
It is generally estimated that over 6000 plants in India are in use in traditional, folk
and herbal medicine, representing about 75% of the medicinal needs of the third
World countries. Three of the ten most widely selling herbal medicines in the
developed countries, namely preparations of Allum Sativum, Aloe barbedensis and
Panax sp. Are available in India.
Renewed global resurgence of interest in the plant remedies has over the years given
a tremendous fillip to the growth of traditional medicine sector in the country, where
classical medicines described in the recognized texts of Ayurveda, Sidha and unani
systems as well as the proprietary & patent formulations are regulated under the
provisions of Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940.
40
National Medicinal Plants Board under the Department of Ayush, in collaboration
with the WHO's Country office for India, has issued a comprehensive guideline on
Good Field Collection Practices for India. The Department has also started an 'Ayush'
certification as a mark of quality standard approved by the Quality Council of India.
These are positive initiatives by the Central government and the units of all sizes have
to fall in line sooner than later if they have to survive in the competitive environment.
41
SUMMARY
1. The first chapter, i.e., is introduction with the concept of the topic, various
previously done studies in the related field and objectives of the study.
2. In chapter two that is, Research Methodology, takes a look how the research
was conducted. Mainly it discussed the study and tools.
6. In the Chapter five the possible implication of the study has been given.
42
CONCLUSION
After analyzing the past 13 years data using trend analysis and predicting future data,
a growth can be seen in the exports of AYUSH products from India. If exporters
follow, the norms and standards placed by World Trade Organization, then for sure
there will be a high growth and India will be able to export more AYUSH products to
the these countries. If there will be total government support through good reforms
and policies then there will be good amount of growth in the exports of AYUSH
products and this sector will become one of the decent foreign exchange earners in
the upcoming years.
Large industry units like Dabur, Himalya, Charak and Zandu are hardly fourteen in
number each with average annual turnover more than Rs. 50 crores. These
entrepreneurs contribute major part of the export of herbal health care products. There
are many medium and small units having a good range of R & D based quality health
products, but there presence in global market is not seen owing to numerous reasons,
the prominent being stringent regulations and high registration fee for market
authorization. Such entrepreneurs having potential to enter foreign markets need hand
holding and support.
Expert assessments in each target country of the potential opportunities for selected
star Indian natural products that could stand on their own as condition-specific
products in competition with allopathic drugs and/or other natural medicinal products
that share the same indications for use. The star product selection may likely vary
from country to country due to cultural differences and varying health concerns
among the targets groups of consumers, as well as regulatory differences concerning
the allowable indications for use for this class of products. So, understanding of
global market and emerging trends is the basic prerequisite to stay and grow in
international markets
43
SUGGESTIONS
Based on the study of the exports of the AYUSH products to different countries I
recommend the following:
• We need to popularize crude herbs and extracts into value added formulations.
• India lacked quality guidelines for herbal products for long and there are
thousands of small and tiny units manufacturing these products but observe no
standards in procuring raw materials and in manufacturing. This approach
needs to be changed and manufacturers of these products have to adopt
modern scientific practices if they have to remain in the market and sell their
products abroad and in India.
44
IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY
The study will help all the individuals who are associated with the agriculture
industry Sector in India. This research project aims to help to get them the total
information of the coming trend and present situation of AYUSH products exports
1 For Exporters
The study will help them to find out the potential of AYUSH products. The
research study helps in analyzing the current scenario of AYUSH products all
over the world.
2 For Researchers
The study being based on secondary data available through Internet, Newspapers,
Journals, Magazines, Government Websites etc. highlights the areas where
researchers can carry out further studies to understand Indian Herbal Industry.
3 For Government
The study has generated useful suggestions for the government. If the
government implements the suggestions generated on the basis of study. It will
help to promote Indian Herbal Industry.
45
REFERENCES
Webliography
“EXPORT POTENTIAL OF AYUSH PRODUCTS FROM INDIA” retrieved data
from these websites on 16 MAY 2010:
www.indianmedicine.nic.in .
www.pharmexcil.com .
www.commerce.nic.in .
www.indianembassy.org
www.ayurvednews.com
www.eximbankindia.com
www.ayurveda-herbal.com
www.pharmabiz.com
46