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Table 11.5 Molecular formulae for the first ten alkane members
When a mixture of alkene gas and hydrogen,H2,gas is passed over a nickel (or
platinum) catalyst that is heated at 180C,an addition reaction(hydrogenation) occurs.
Table 11.12 Alkyl group that is derived from a matching alkane name
When ethanol is heated under reflux with an organic acid like ethanoic
acid,CH3COOH and concentrated sulphuric acid which acts as a catalyst,an
esterification reaction occurs.
Ethanol reacts with reactive metals such as sodium and potassium to
release hydrogen.Alcohol can be used as fuel, in the manufacture of
medicine,cosmetics and artificial food flavourings.Excessive consumption of
alcohol (ethanol) can affect one's health.
Fats and oil are natural esters formed from the reaction between fatty
acids and glycerol.Fatty acids are carboxylic acids that have a long carbon
atom chain.The functional group of fatty acids is -COOH.Fats can be
classified as saturated and unsaturated fats.
Table 11.18 Importance of oils and fats for the body processes
Saturated fats is a type of fat produced fromthe reaction between
saturated fatty acids and glycerol.An example of saturated fatty acids are
palmitic acid,CH3(CH2)16COOH.Unsaturated fat is a type of fat produced
from the reaction between unsaturated fatty acids and glycerol.