CE6780 ADVANCED MECHANICS OF STRUCTURES

July-Nov 2016
Tutorial 3:: Equilibrium equations and Constitutive relations

1. A body made of steel in the form of a unit cube, B = {(X1, X2, X3)| 0 X1 1, 0 X2 1, 0 X3 1} in
the reference configuration, is subjected to the following deformation field: x1 = X1, x2 = X2 + AX3, x3
= X3 + AX2, where A is a constant and (X1,X2,X3) are the Cartesian coordinates of a material point
before deformation and (x1,x2,x3) are the Cartesian coordinates of the same material point after
deformation. Assume that steel obeys Hookes law and its Youngs modulus, E = 200 GPa and
Poissons ratio, = 0.3 and A = 10-3. For the specified deformation field:

a) Determine the deformation gradient and Eulerian and Lagrangian displacement gradients
b) Calculate the Cauchy-Green strain tensor
c) Calculate the linearized Lagrangian strain and linearized Eulerian strain. Compare and comment on
the value of the strain measures
d) Determine the Cauchy stress tensor.
e) Identify whether this stress state correspond to the plane stress
f) Find the normal and shear stress on a plane whose normal is oriented along the e1 direction.
g) Find the normal and shear stress on a plane whose normal makes equal angles with all the three
basis vectors, i.e., n = (e1+e2+e3)/3.

2. A body made of steel in the form of a unit cube, B = {(X1, X2, X3)| 0 X1 1, 0 X2 1, 0 X3 1} in
the reference configuration, is subjected to the following uniform state of Cauchy stress:
10 0 10
=[ 0 0 0 ] MPa
10 0 5
Assume that steel obeys Hookes law and its Youngs modulus, E = 200 GPa and Poissons ratio, =
0.3. For this state of stress

a) Find the linearized strain tensor

b) Calculate the change in the angle between two line segments oriented along Ex and Ez directions in
the reference configuration
c) Calculate the change in the volume of the cube
d) Calculate the change in length of the straight line segments of unit length oriented along
i) Ex
ii) Ez
1
iii) (E x E z )
2
e) Determine the displacement field that would have produced this stress field,, given that u(0,0,0) =
u(0,0,1) = u(1,0,0) = 0; i.e., material particle occupying the points (0,0,0), (0,0,1) and (1,0,0) do not
get displaced.
3. Determine whether the following stress fields are possible within an elastic member at rest assuming
that there are no body forces acting on them
3 2 2
2 x y xy 3 0 c1 x c 2 y c5 x c1 y 0 ayz dz 2 ey 2


(a) xy 3
1 4
y

0 (b) c5 x c1 y c3 x c5 y 0 (c) dz 2 bxz fx2
4 0 0 0 ey 2 fx2 cxy
0 0 0

3x 7 x 0 3 x 3 y 0
(d) 3 y 7 y 0 (e) 7 x 7 y 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

4. Show that for the plane stress +

problem in cylindrical polar
coordinates with the non-zero +

cylindrical polar components of the
Cauchy stress being rr, r and ,
as shown in the figure, the
r
equilibrium equations in the
absence of body forces with the
+
body in static equilibrium are

rr 1 r rr
0 r
r r r
r 1 z
2 r 0
r r r +

5. For a state of plane stress given by the matrix:

xx 0 xz

0 0 0

xz 0 zz
a. Derive the equilibrium equations for this special case.
b. If the stress components are expressed in terms of a function called the Airys stress
function ( x, z ) , such that
2 2 2
xx , , ,
z 2 x 2 xz
zz xz

then show that it satisfies the static equilibrium equations only if the body forces are
neglected.