ENGR. GIANCARLO P.

VENTURA
Institute of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
8/23/2016
University of the Philippines Diliman 1 AY 16-17 Sem 1
 POISSONS RATIO
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 POISSONS RATIO
within the elastic range, the ratio of the strains along the
lateral and longitudinal direction of a member under axial
load is constant
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=

 EXAMPLE 4.1
A 500-mm long, 16-mm
diameter rod made of a
homogenous, isotropic
material is observed to
increase in length by 300 m,
and to decrease in diameter
by 2.4 m when subjected to
an axial 12-kN load.

Determine:
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a. the modulus of elasticity

b. Poissons ratio of the
material
 GENERALIZED HOOKES LAW
In order to express the strain components x, y, z in terms of the stress
components x, y, z, we will consider separately the effect of each
stress component and combine the results obtained.
(PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION)

x y z
x
E E E
x y z
y
E E E
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x y z
The results obtained are valid only as long as the
z
stresses do not exceed the proportional limit, and as E E E
long as the deformations involved remain small.
 EXAMPLE 4.2

The steel block shown is subjected to a uniform stress on all of

its faces. Knowing that the change in length of edge AB is -
0.003 mm, determine (a) the change in length of the other
two edges, (b) the stress applied on the faces of the block.
Assume E = 120 GPa and = 0.29.
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 SHEARING STRESS-STRAIN

HOOKES LAW for SHEAR:

where G: Modulus of Rigidity (MPa)

G
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 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN E, G and

E
G
2 1
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 EXAMPLE 4.3
Two blocks of
rubber each of
width w=60mm,
are bonded to rigid
w supports and to the
RIGID SUPPORT P movable plate.
35 mm RUBBER Knowing that a
PLATE
force P=19kN
35 mm RUBBER
causes a deflection
RIGID SUPPORT
of 3mm, determine
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180 mm
the modulus of
rigidity of the
rubber.
 ALLOWABLE STRESS AND FACTOR OF SAFETY

Design considerations
Strength
Serviceability
Economy

If you were the designer, would

you let the actual stresses reach
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the stresses the material can

handle?
 ALLOWABLE STRESS AND FACTOR OF SAFETY
To ensure safety:
Allowable (Actual) Stress < Material Strength
Variability in strength of material
Variability in loadings

Safety reserves a portion of the load-carrying

capacity to assure its safe performance.

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= . . =

NOTE: FS > 1
 ALLOWABLE STRESS AND FACTOR OF SAFETY
FAILURE: state or condition in which a member or
structure no longer functions as intended
Some Types of Failure:
1. Elastic failure: excessive elastic deformation
2. Slip failure: excessive plastic deformation due to slip

3. Creep failure: excessive plastic deformation over a long

period of time
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4. Fracture: complete separation of material

 APPROPRIATE FACTOR OF SAFETY
Variations that may occur in the properties of the member under consideration.

The number of loadings that may be expected during the life of the structure or
machine.

The type of loadings that are planned for in the design, or that may occur in the
future.

The type of failure that may occur.

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Deterioration that may occur in the future because of poor maintenance or

because of unpreventable natural causes.

The importance of a given member to the integrity of the whole structure.

 EXAMPLE 4.4

Two forces are applied to

the bracket BCD as shown.
Given the ultimate stresses
and factors of safety of the
components of the system,
determine
a) diameter of steel rod AB
b) diameter of pin C
c) thickness of bracket
supports at C
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Member Ultimate Stress FS

Steel rod AB Normal stress, 600 MPa 3
Pin C Shearing stress, 350 MPa 2.5
Bracket Supports at C Bearing stress, 300 MPa 2
 Beer, F.P. et al. (2012) Mechanics of materials. 6th Ed. SI. McGraw-Hill
Hibbeler, R.C. (2011) Mechanics of materials. 8th Ed. Prentice Hall

ENGR. GIANCARLO P. VENTURA

Institute of Civil Engineering gianpventura@gmail.com
College of Engineering
University of the Philippines Diliman MH 104-106 / ICE 319