OBSERVATIONS AND TABULATIONS

Results of the Characteristics study on Kaplan Turbine

S.N Dead Spring Total Turbine Input Out put Efficiency

O load load load speed
(N) ( )
( T1 ) (T2 ) (T)
RPM kW kW %
kg kg N

10

Pressure gauge reading ( G ) = kg/ cm2

Vacuum Gauge Reading (V) = mm of Hg

Total Head ( H ) = m of water

VENTURIMETER READING

Inlet pressure reading ( p1 ) = kg/ cm2

Throat pressure reading ( p2 ) = kg/ cm2

Difference in pressure head (h) = (p1-p2 ) x10= m of water

OR
(h1 h2 ) sm
Difference in pressure head h= 1
100 sl
Exp.No :
Date :
 CHARACTERISTIC TEST ON KAPLAN TURBINE

AIM

To study the performance of the Kaplan turbine and hence to draw the
constant head characteristic curves.

BASIC CONCEPT

Hydraulic turbines are the machines which converts hydraulic energy into
mechanical energy. In general a hydraulic turbine consists a wheel called runner
having a number of specially designed vanes or blades or buckets. The water
possessing a large amount of hydraulic energy when strikes the runner, it does the
work on the runner and cause it to rotate. The mechanical energy thus developed is
supplied to the generator coupled to the runner, which then generates electrical
energy.

The Kaplan Turbine is classified as an axial turbine. In a reaction turbine, at

the entrance of the runner, only a part of the available energy of the water is
converted in to kinetic energy and a substantial part remains in the form of pressure
energy. As water flows through the runner the change from pressure to kinetic
energy takes place gradually. As such the pressure at the inlet to the turbine as
much higher than the pressure at the outlet and it varies throughout the passage of
water through the turbine. For this gradual change to takes place the runner is to be
enclosed in an air tight chamber and the passage is entirely full of water throughout
the operation of the turbine.

i) Discharge (Q) = 0. 082 h

h = Equivalent head of water ( m)

ii)Input Power (I/P )= QH /1000 ( KW )

= Unit weight of water (N/m3)

Q = Discharge (m3/s)

H= Total head (m)

iii) Total load ( T ) = ( T1 T2 + T0) x g ( N

)

T1 = Dead load ( kg )

T2 = Spring load ( kg )

T0= hook gauge weight (kg)

g = acceleration due to gravity ( m2/s )

MODEL CALCULATION
(iv) Out put power ( O/P ) = DNT / 60000 ( KW )

D = Diameter of breakdrum (0. 15 m) g

N= R.P.M. of the runner

v) Efficiency ( ) = ( O/P / I/P ) x 100

N P
Specific speed of the turbine = 5
4
H

N = speed of the turbine corresponding to maximum efficiency

P= Power developed by the turbine corresponding to maximum efficiency.

H = Head on the turbine corresponding to maximum efficiency

APPARATUS

1. Kaplan turbine

2. Inlet pipe with venturimeter setup

3. Weights

4. Tachometer

PROCEDURE
MODEL CALCULATION
GRAPH

The following graphs are drawn taking N on X axis

1. N vs O/P

2. N vs Efficiency

RESULT

1. The constant head characteristics for Kaplan turbine is drawn at a head of ---------
------

2. The specific speed of the Kaplan turbine ---------------