IEEE-ICSE2016 Proc.
2016, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Inset-Fed U-Slotted Patch Antenna Array
for 10GHz Radio-Over-Fiber Applications
P. Daud, D. Mahmudin, A.A. Fathnan, I.Syamsu, T.T.Estu, and Y.N.Wijayanto
Research Center for Electronics and Telecommuication
Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)
Jl. Sangkuriang, Cisitu, Bandung 40135 INDONESIA
pamungkas.daud@lipi.go.id; pmkdaud@gmail.com
Abstract-The increasing need for telecommunications, optical
telecommunications networks in developed as well developing the
functionality of radio waves with light waves in a Radio over Fiber
network. On the network needed an antenna to support the process of
receivers pick up radio waves then modulated with light waves.
Antennas on Radio over Fiber can work at a frequency of 10 GHz
WPAN communications. Wireless frequencies captured by the
antenna can then be directly modulated and distributed through an
optical fiber in accordance with needs. Antenna characteristic which
must be met including small size, have a good level of matching, only
consume little electric current, and has a unidirectional radiation
pattern. In this paper, using an electromagnetic simulator, designed
and simulated arrayinset fed rectangular microstrip antenna with U-
slot for Radio over Fiber applications in WPAN communications that
can be used optimally at a frequency of 10 GHz. The simulation
results with optimum performance further implemented and observed
at a frequency of 10 GHz performance. Results from the design and
realization are patch arrayrectangular microstrip antenna with U-slot
working at a frequency of 10 GHz with unidirectional radiation
pattern; 3dBi gain; input impedance = 50; and VSWR 1.5.
Keywords: WPAN, Radio over Fiber, Microstrip Array Antenna Fed
inset rectangular, U-Slot.
I. INTRODUCTION
WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) is a wireless data
transmission system that allows multiple data devices can
communicate with a close distance. WPAN has developed a
working frequency region to operate at a frequency of 10 GHz.
This project is intended to follow the growth of today's wireless
technology that is implemented antenna that can receive signals
at a frequency of 10 GHz. An antenna that can meet those needs
should be able to consume low power, easy installation,
flexible, small size, and low cost [1]. Designed for antenna
array method with u-slot can provide a wide bandwidth and a
large gain. In the previous study, design and implementation of
the rectangular patch microstrip antenna array with u-slot used
in 10 GHz frequency for WPAN applications.
In this paper is designed and simulated array inset fed
rectangular microstrip antenna with U-slot, so that the better
performance will be achieved. In this work is used an
electromagnetic simulator. The substrate used in this
simulation is FR 4 with the following characteristics are
relative permittivity (r) = 4.4, dielectric thickness (h) = 1.6 mm
and conductor thickness= 0.035 mm.The simulation results
with optimum performance further implemented and observed
978-1-5090-2383-7/16/$31.00 2016 IEEE 117
at a frequency of 10 GHz performance. Results from the design
and realization are patch array rectangular microstrip antenna
with U-slot working at a frequency of 10 GHz with
unidirectional radiation pattern; 3dBi gain; input impedance
= 50; and VSWR 1.5. Based on the result, the proposed
device can be implemented for Radio over Fiber system in
WPAN communications that can be used optimally at a
frequency of 10 GHz
II. RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA
Microstrip Antenna
The microstrip antenna is an antenna that is composed of
three elements, namely, the radiatingelement (patch),
thesubstrate element, and the elements of earth (ground plane)
patch located on top of the substrate, while the ground plane is
located at the very bottom. Based on the shape, the patch has
akind which includes a variety of squares (square), a rectangle
(rectangular), circles, triangles and annular ring. Patch antennas
are used in this projectis rectangular patch with inset-fed as in
Figure 1[3].
Figure 1. Structure of Microstrip Patch Antenna with inset
rectangular-Fed [3]
Some of the advantages is a microstrip antenna has a shape
and size that is small so it has a light weight and easy to
fabrication with a relatively low cost. Otherwise , it is easy to
integrate with other Microwave Integrated Circuit , and can be
designed with linear and circular polarization with use ration
simple.However, microstrip antenna also has shortcomings,
which have narrow bandwidth, has a small gain, and has a low
power efficiency[2,3]. Therefore, needs to be some
consideration in dealing with the matter.TheU-slot designed to
increase the bandwidth and gain to suit the needs of the project
specification.Parameters of microstrip antenna dimensions (W
and L)must be known before such as thick dielectric(),
constant dielectric ( ). Patch width calculation can be
determined by the equation.
 IEEE-ICSE2016 Proc. 2016, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

= (1) = = (11)
( )

Where :
W= Patchwide (mm)
= Light Velocity in Free Space, 3 10 (m/s)
= Frequency Osilation (Hz)
= Dielectric Constanta of substrate (F/m)
( , )(
= ,
( ,
= (3)
= (4)
To increasing the bandwidth, simple rectangular patch can
be increased the bandwidth with several techniques, one using
the inset-fed on the side of the patch.Microstrip Line feeding
techniques [5,9,10], before determining the dimensions of the
length of the line feeding, first check the characteristic of
microstrip line on a comparison of the width of the strip line
portion and the substrate thickness, values of and which
can be calculated with this formula below:
The antenna array in this issue used the T-Junction as a series
impedance devider which produce division in paralel.Using a
distributed input impedance with two output Line channels ,
each of which [4].
PatchU- Slot Antenna
, )
(2) In the slot microstrip antenna induced by inductive coupling
)( , ) is provided from supply channel to the slot. The larger of the
coupling effects that will occur degrade of the quality factor of
the circuit antenna. The decline in the quality factor of the
circuit antenna cause the bandwidth increased [8,9]. Figure 2
shows the U-Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna and the equation is
used to determine the dimensions of the U-Slot as follows:
- Width of theArm Slot (E=F)
= = (12)
- Lenght of the Slot (C)

. (13)
For :
- Widthof the Slot (D)
= + + , ( ) (5)
= ( + ) (14)
= + (6)

III. U-SLOTTED RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA

For :
In the slot microstrip antenna coupling induced inductively
of supplied from the supply channel to the slot. The greater of
= + + (7)
the coupling effects that occur will degrade the quality factor of
the circuit. The decline in the quality factor of the circuit then
= (8) bandwidth will be increased [8]. The equation is used to
, , ( , ) determine the dimensions of the U-Slot as follow [8,11]:

The width of the channel portion antennas can be calculated

using the following equation:

= ( ) + ( )+ ,
,
(2.12)
Where : Figure 2. U-Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna
= (9)

Arm wide ofthe Slot (E=F) = = (15)
Transformator /4is a technique of matchingimpedance in Lenght ofthe Slot (C) . (16)
transmission lines /4length of the channel transformer. Width of the Slot (D) = ( + ) (17)

= (10)

isa dielectric wave length , obtained from the equation:

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 IEEE-ICSE2016 Proc. 2016, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

The designed device was fabricated using wet etching

process. The detail fabrication process are explained in Figure
4. First, a metalized substrate was prepared. One side of the
metalized substrate was masked using UV exposure to create
an antenna pattern. Then, the device was etching with wet
method using FeCl4 liquid. Finally, the fabricated device was
connected with a SMA connector for ready to measurement.

Figure 3. Design of Inset-Fed Antenna Array with the U-Slot

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table-1. Dimensional of Inset-Fed Array Antennawith U-Slot
Parameters Dimentions [mm] Informations
J 16,65 Spacing of Patch
7,2 Width of Patch
10,1 Lenght of Patch
1,6 Thick of Substrate
0,035 Thick of Patch
10,12 Lenght of Main Feeder
0,6 Width of Main Feeder
4,37 Lenght of Feeding Devider
0,3 Width of Feeding Devider
1,6 Length of Inset-Gap (Y) Figure5. Graph of Parameter S11from Inset-Fed Antenna Array with
0,7 Width of Inset-Gap (X) the USlot
27,5 Lenght of Substrate/G.plane
24 Width of Substrate/G.plane
F 0,5 Arm Width of Horizontal Slot
G 0,5 Spacing of U-Slot to Feeder
E 0,3 Arm Width of Vertical Slot
C 3 Lenght of Slot
The design specifications of antennas :
Working frequency : 9.75 to 10.25 GHz
Central Frequency : 10 GHz
Bandwidth : 500 MHz
The radiation pattern : Unidirectional Figure 6.VSWR of Inset-Fed Antenna Array with the U-Slot
Polarization : Linear
VSWR : 1.5
Return Loss : < -10 dB
Gain : 3 dBi
The input impedance : 50
Dielectrics FR4 with the following characteristics :
- Relative permittivity , r : 4.4
- Dielectric thickness , h : 1.6 mm
- Conductor thickness : 0.035 mm

Figure 7.(a) Radiation Pattern of Inset-Fed Antenna Arraywith U-

Figure 4. Flowchart for device fabrication Slot in = (0,180) , (b) Radiation Pattern of Inset-Fed antenna
Array with U-Slot In = (90,270)

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 IEEE-ICSE2016 Proc. 2016, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Figure 5 shows the value of S11 on the design inset-fed
antenna with U-slot after simulation into -27.152 dB. Likewise
thevalue of VSWR is 1.091 as shown in Figure 5,so that the
bandwidth of the antenna has met the required specification.
Figure 8. Gain of Patch Antena Array with U-Slot
Figure 9 . Polarization of Antenna Array
Mechanical design of U-slot on patch array canproduce a
width of bandwidth in order to get the appropriate bandwidth
specification of 500 MHz.The antenna radiation pattern
generated in thesimulation and realization is unidirectional.
Whilethe resulting polarization antenna is a linear approach, the
ellipseas shown in figure 6(a) and figure 6(b).Gain antenna
resulting in greater simulation 0.05dB when compared with the
results of simulations and meet the specification is expected
that 4.84 dBas shown in figure 7.Specifications of microstrip
antenna have beendesigned according to the specifications
required inthe WPAN communications, which has a
bandwidthof 500 MHz and work at a frequency of 10 GHz, so
that the antenna can be implemented for Radio Over Fiber
applications.Realization of these antennas will be combined
with the optical modulator for a microwave to lightwave
converter to support the application of telecommunication and
measurement systems using radio-over-fiber (ROF)technology
V. CONCLUSION
Based on the results of measurements and simulations are
not much different from that expected, it can be concluded
antenna parameters such as VSWR, return loss, bandwidth is
in conformity with the specifications required for Wireless
Personal Area Network (WPAN)communication
system.Realization of these antennas will be combined with
the optical modulator for a microwave to lightwave converter
120
to support the application of telecommunication and
measurement system using radio-over-fiber(ROF)technology.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank to Indonesian Research
Centre for Electronics and Telecommunications (PPET-LIPI)
for their supports during analysis and design of the system. This
work is part of the project entitled Development of
Microwave to Light WavesConverter Using Antenna and
Otical Modulator for Telecommunication and Measurement
Applications"funded by The Excellent Research Grant from
Indonesian Institute of Sciencies (LIPI).
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