DANSK STANDARD DS/ISO 5817

1. udgave
Godkendt: 1994-06-24

Lysbuesvejste sam linger

i still
Vejledning om
kvalitetsniveauer for
svejsefejl
Arc-welded joints in steel- Guidance on
quality levels for imperfections

:DS:
DANSKSTANDARD

"_.""",",STAN' ''''~---'''''''.-'

213
i
DS/ISO 5817
Kobenhavn 1994
OS projekt: 7771
Sideantal: 2S
UOK: 621.791.75.019

Deskriptorer: Desaiptors:
stM. svejsning, lysbuesvejsnin9, svejsesomme, specifikatio- steels. welding, arc welding, welded joints. specifikations,
nar, aa:eptprevning 'cceptance lest'ng

Nationalt forord National foreword

Denne publikation .. godkendt som Dansk Standard. Den This publication is approved as Danish Standard. The English
engelske tekst er identisk med Intamational Standard ISO text is identical with Intam,tional Standard ISO 5817:1992: in
5817:1992:ved MvlstiK..lde om den danske ove"""nelses case of doubt with regard 10 the correctness of the Danish
Oorrekthedhen,,;ses hi den engelsOeversion. translahon. the English version should be consulted

Etstatter OSIR 325:1982 Replaces DS,R 325:1982

Introduction

This International Standard should be used as a reference in the drafting

of applicalion codes and/or other applicallon standards. It may be used
within a total' quality system for the production of satisfactory welded
joints. II provides three sets of dimensional values from which a
selection can be made for a particular application The Quality level
necessary in each case should be defined by the applicallon standard
or the responsible designer in conlunction with the manufacturer. user
and/or other parties concerned. The level shall be prescribed before the
start of production. preferably at the inQuiry or order stage. For special
purposes. additional details may need to be prescribed.

The Quality levels given in this International Standard are intended to

provide basic reference data and are not specifically related 10 any
particular application. They refer to the types of welded joints in a fab-
rication and not to the complete product or component itself. II is poss-
ible. therefore. for dinerent Quality levels to be applied to individual
welded joints in the same product or component.

Quality levels are lisled in table 0 1

Table 0.1 - Qualitylevelstor weldimpertections

,.,... I, _iIVI.wl
D "000<.'.
C ,"'e,,".,".'.
B Sonngen'

The three Quality levels are arbitrarily ,dentified as D. C and B and are
Intended to cover the malorlty of practical applicaliDns.

II would normally be hoped that tor a particular welded jOint the dimen-
sional limits for imperiections could all be covered by specifying one
quality level. In some cases. however. e.g. for certain type of steels and
structures as well as for fallgue loadong or leak tightness apphcations.
it may be necessary to specify different qualily levelS for different
imperfections in the same welded joint or to inClude additional reQu"e-
ments.

The choice of quality level for any application should take account of
design considerations. subsequent processing. e.g. surfacing. mDde of
stressing {e.g. slatic. dynamIc}. service conditions (e.g. temperature.
environment). and consequences of failure. Economic factors are aiso
important and should include not only the cost of welding but also that
of inspection. test and repair.

Allhough this International Standard includes types of imperfections

relevant to the arc welding processes given in clause 1. only those
which are applicable to the process and application in Question need to
be considered.

2 len)

216
Imperfectioos are Quoted in terms ortheir actual dimensions. and their
detection and evaluation may require the use of one or more methods
of non-deStructive testing. The detection and sizing of imperfections is
dependent on the inspection methods and the extent of testing specified
in the applIcation standard or contract.
This International Standard does not indude details of recommended
methods o~ detection and sizing and. therefore. it needs to be sup-
plemented by requirements for examination. inspection and testing. It
should be aopreciated that methods of non-destructive examination may
not be able to give the detection. characterization and sizing necessary
for use withm ceria in types of imperfections shown in tabte 1.
Although thIs International Standard covers a material thickness range
of 3 mm to 63 mm. it may well be applicable to thicker or thinner joints
provided consideration is given to those technical factors which may
inOuencetne snuation.
1 Scope
This International Standard provides guidance on
levels of imperfections in arc-welded jOints in steel.
Three levels are given in such a way as to permit
application for a wide range of welded fabrications.
The levels refer to production quality and not to the
fitness-far-purpose (see 3.1) of the product manu-
factured.
This International Standard applies to
- unalloyed and alloyed steels:
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which.
through reference in this text. constitute provisions
of this International Standard. At the time of pUbli-
cation. the editions indicated were valid. All stan-
dards are subject to revision. and parties to
agreements based on this International Siandard
are encouraged to investigate the possibitity of ap-
plying the most recent editions of the standards in-
dicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.

- the fallowing weiding processes and Iheir de-

fined sub-processes in accordance with
ISO 2553:1992. Welded. brazed and soldered joints
- Symbolic representation on drawings.
ISO 4063: ISO 4063:1990. Welding. brazing. soldering and braze
11 metal-arc welding without gas protection:
welding of metals - Nomenclature of processes and
reference numbers tor symbotic represenfation on
12 submerged-arc welding: drawings.
13 gas-shielded metal-arc welding:
14 gas-shielded welding with non-consum- ISO 6520:1982. Class,f/cafion of imperlections ,n
able electrode: mefallic fusion weids. with explanations.
15 plasma arc welding:

- manual. mechanrzed and automatic processes:

- all welding positions: 3 Definitions

- bull welds. fillei welds and branch connections:
- materials
63 mm.
in the thickness range 3 mm
When significant deviations from the joint ge-
ometries and dimensions described in this Inter-
national Standard are present in the welded product.
it is necessary to evaiuate to what extent the pro-
visions of this standard can apply.
Metallurgical aspects. e.g. grain size. hardness.
not covered by this Inle..,ti0n'i <"""0
For the purposes 01 this International Siandard. Ihe
following definitions aDply.
10
3.1 fltness-for-purpose: A product is iii for ils in-
tended purpose when II functions satisfacton!v in
service dunng its SIlpulaled lifetime. The proouci
may deteriorate in service. but not 10 such a degree
that fracture and sUDsequent failure occurs. Proa-
ucts may. of course. be misused or overload eo: "is
presumed Ihat Ihe aclual conditions dunng service
are corresDond to Ihe Intended conditions. Including
statistical variations. ego live loads.
3.2 Weld tIIlctnoss
3.2.1 nllet _d tIIlclmoss, a; nominal tllroat tIIlck.
ness: Height of the largest isosceles triangle that
can be inscribed in the weld section (see ISO 2553).
NOTE I In coun.rie. in which !he leg length, Z, is used
as !he cfimension 0' a fille. weld, !he limils for
imperfections may be reformula.ed so thaI !hey reter '0
the leg 1eng1h.
3.2.2 bull wold tIIlctnoss, s: Minimum distance Irom
the surface of the part to Ihe bottom of the pen-
etration, which cannot be greater than the thickness
of the thinner of the parts (see ISO 2553).
3.3 sharf Imperfections: One or more imperfections
of total length not greater than 25 mm in any
100mm length of the weid or a maximum 01 25 %
01the weld leng'h lor a weld shorter than 100 mm.
3.4 long Imperfection: One or more imperfections
of total length greater than 25 mm in any 100 mm
length of the weld or a minimumof 25 % of the weld
length for a weld shorter than 100 mm.
3.5 projected a..a: Area given by length of weld
examined mulliplied by the maximum width of weld.
3.6 surface crack area: Area to be considered after
Iracture.
4 Symbols
The followingsymbols are used in table 1.
a nominal fillet weld throat thickness (fillet thick-
ness)
b width of weld reinlorcement
d diameter of pore
h size (height or width) of imperfection
length of imperfeclion
I nominal bun weld thickness or. in the case of
partial penetration. the prescribed depth of pen-
etration
wall or plate Ihickness
z leg length of fillet welds (in case of isosceles
right angle triangular section z ="j2)
5 Evaluation of welds
Umils for imperfections are given in table 1.
A welded joint should normally be evaluated sep-
arately for each individual type of imperfection
(Nos. 1 to 25).
Different types of imperfection occuring at any
cross-section of the joint may need speciai con-
sideration (see No. 26).
 Table 1 - Umits for imperfections
No. 'm_ ISO"" "m.n.
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DC.
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 Annex A
(informative)

Additional infonnation and guidelines for use of this International Standard

This International Standard specifies requirements
for three levels of acceptance for impertections in
welded joints of steel for arc welding processes ac-
cording to the scope and for weld thickness 3 mm to
63 mm. It may be used - where applicable
other fusion welding processes
- for
or weld thicknesses.
Omerent parts are very otten produced for different
applications but to similar requirements. The same
requirements should. however. apply to identical
parts produced In different workshops to ensure that
war!< is carried out using the same criteria. The
eonsistent application of this International Standard
Is one of the fundamental cornerstones of a Quality
assurance system for use in the production of
welded structures.
In table 1. figures for multiple Impertections (No. 26).
show a theoretical possibility of superimposed ind~
vidual impertections. In such a case the total sum-
mation of all permiMed deviations should be
restricted by the stipulated values for the different
Quality levels. However. the value of a single
imperteClion may exceed> h. e.g. for a single pore.
This International Standard may be used in con-
junction with a catalogue of realistic illustrations
showing the size of the permissible impertections
for the variQUS acceptance levels by means of
photographs showing the face and root side and/or
reproductions of radiographs and 01 photomacro-
graphs showing the cross-section of the weld. This
catalogue may be used with reference cards to as-
sess the various impertections and may be em-
ployed when opinions differ as to the permissible
size of impertections.