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Advantages
i. This system avoids the risk of loss of essential services e.g. steering gear
ii. If the neutral was earthed and a short circuit on one phase causes the fuse in
that phase to blow the system would now be singled phasing and may burn
out motors
iii. In an insulated neutral, one earth fault does not interrupt the supply but an earth
leakage detection system will give warning.
iv. Low earth fault currents in insulated systems gives a much less fire risk.
Disadvantages
i. On the insulated system the voltage to earth is 1.73 Vph e.g. 440v vs 250v
ii. Tracing an earth fault is more difficult because although selective tripping may
trace the earthed circuit, the actual position on the circuits may still be
difficult to locate. Resonant or intermittent faults in say a contactor solenoid
or a transformer with an insulated neutral can cause voltages to be
magnified to say 4 times the normal voltage to earth (250v x 4 = 1000v)