3.

4
6. We need 0 = F (r) = F 0 (r) = F 00 (r) and 0 6= F 000 (r). F 0 (x) = 1 + f 0 (x)g 0 (x) + f (x)g 0 (x),
F = f 00 g + 2f 0 g 0 + f g 00 and F 000 = f 000 g + 3f 00 g 0 + 3f
0 00
g + g 000 . So we needfollowing conditions;
00
1 f (r) 1 f 000 (r) 3(f 00 (r))2
g(r) = 0 , g 0 (r) = 0
and g 00 (r) 6= 0 .
f (r) 2(f (r))2 3f (r) f 0 (r) 2(f 0 (r))2
7. We can start any point a R. Then | cos a| 1. Hence from the second step, we can define
F (x) = cos x on [1, 1]. x y on this domain, | cos x cos y| sin |x y|, by Mean Value Thm for
(y, x). Since = sin < 1, | cos x cos y| |x y|. By Theorem 1, F (x) has a fixed point on
[1, 1]. Using calculator, you will get 0.739085. ( in degree mode, 0.9998477415)

1 + 1 + 4p
12. x = p + x x2 x p = 0. Since x > 0, x = .
2
1 1 1
13. Let x1 = and xn+1 = . We can define F (x) = on [0, ). Then F ([0, )) [0, ).
p p + xn p+x
For all x and y in this domain,
1 1 |x y| 1
|F (x) F (y)| = | |= |x y|, where = 2 < 1 since p, x and y are
p+x p+y (p + x)(p + y) p
1
positive. Hence F (x) is contractive. By Theorem 1, F (x) has a fixed point. x = x2 + px 1 = 0.
p p + x
p + p2 + 4
Since x > 0, x = .
2
|x y| 1 1
20(a). |F (x) F (y)| = |F 0 ()||x y| = | 2||x y| since [ , ]. Hence F (x) is
2 4 4
1 1
contractive. But F (0) = 3 6 [ , ]. So this F (x) doesnt satisfy the condition for Theorem 1. Hence
4 4
Theorem 1 doesnt need to be hold for this F (x).

x y |x y| 1
(b). |F (x) F (y)| = | + | . Hence F (x) is contractive. But F (1) = 6 [2, 1] [1, 2].
2 2 2 2
So this F (x) doesnt satisfy the condition for Theorem 1. Hence Theorem 1 doesnt need to be hold for
this F (x).
x(x2 + 3R) 3(x2 R)2 48Rx(x2 R)
40. Let F (x) = 2
. Then F 0 (x) = 2 2
, F 00 (x) = , and F 000 (x) =
3x + R (3x + R) (3x2 + R)3
48R(9x4 18Rx2 + R2 ) 0
00
000
3
. Hence 0 = F ( R) = F ( R) and F ( R) = 6= 0.
(3x2 + R)4 2R