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Small trailer
Dropping Weight
Geophones
Deflection Basin
Uses elastic theory to predict the deflection basin for the given load. Then
Topic 3 Flexible Pavement Stress Analysis
2. Multilayer Elastic Theory
a = radius
q = pressure
E 1, 1 z1
E 2, 2 z2 Point B
Point A
E 3, 3
z3
Assumptions (p. 60):
Each Layer
Continuous
Linearly
Material is
Finite thickness (except last layer)
q = pressure
E 1, 1 z1
E 2, 2 z2 Point B
Point A
E 3, 3
z3
Assumptions (cont.):
Surface stresses
Circular
Vertical
Why do we want full
Uniformly distributed
friction between layers?
Full
Each layer continuously supported
Topic 3 Flexible Pavement Stress Analysis
Units Guidelines
Stress: lbs
Reported in psi: psi =
in2
Strain: in
Reported in : = microstrai n = 10 6
in
Deflections: in
Reported in mils: mils =
1000
3 1 P
P z = 5
z 2 z2
r 2 2
1 +
z z z
Z
r Where:
z =
z
r=
z=
P=
X
Topic 3 Flexible Pavement Stress Analysis
3.2 One-layer Solutions (Foster & Ahlvin)
Developed charts to determine z, t, r, rz & w (=0.5)
Figures 2.2 2.6 Axisymmetric loading:
2a z =
r =
q t =
rz =
w =
z z a
q
rz 0
Depth
1a
r t 2a
r 3a 2a 1a 0
Offset
First, we need to
3.2.2 Deflection
Flexible Plate Rigid Plate
Rubber q q Steel
Deflection Profile
Ground Reaction
Basically:
For this case (assuming
Topic 3 Flexible Pavement Stress Analysis
3.2.2 Deflection (cont.)
Given:
z/a=24/6=4
r/a=0
h3= 12
Subgrade quality
Topic 3 Flexible Pavement Stress Analysis
4. Stresses & Strains for Design
Purpose of the pavement structure:
Protect the subgrade; reduce
Effect of E1 h1
E2 h2
c E3
a
q
E1 h1
E2 h2
E3
Topic 3 Flexible Pavement Stress Analysis
4.2.1 Overall Principal Strains
Based on all 6 components of normal and shear stresses x,
y, z, xy, xz, yz
Solve cubic equation to get 1, 2, & 3
1
Then calculate principal strains 3 = ( 3 (1 + 2 ))
E
Minor principal strain (3) considered to be
a
q
Maximum
Always acts on the horizontal plane
Used by the program KENLAYER to predict fatigue failure
a
q
AC
Topic 3 Flexible Pavement Stress Analysis
5. Two-layer Theory (Burmister)
Developed solutions for:
Vertical deflections (flexible & rigid)
Vertical stresses (limited # of cases)
& highly dependent on
Rigid
Topic 3 Flexible Pavement Stress Analysis
5.1.2 Surface Deflections Example
a=6
q=80 psi
E1=50,000 psi 6
E2=10,000 psi
Given:
h1/a=6/6=1
E1/E2=5
E1=50,000 psi 6
Given:
h1/a=6/6=1 ;r/a=0
E1/E2=5
Topic 3 Flexible Pavement Stress Analysis
5.1.4 Surface Vs Interface Deflections
Compare the results from the example:
Surface deflection = 43 mils
Interface deflection = 40 mils
E1=500,000 psi h1
E2=5,000 psi
Maximum allowable
c for clay = 8 psi
Given:
c/q=0.1
E1/E2=100
Topic 3 Flexible Pavement Stress Analysis
5.2 Critical Tensile Strain
a=6
q=80 psi
t E1=200,000 psi 6
Strain Factor, Fe
E2=10,000 psi
e = t= critical
tensile strain
Given:
E1/E2=20
h1/a=1
= 0.0796 ( t ) (E1 )
3.291 0.854 f2 & f3 =
Nf
6.2 Rutting Model
Allowable number of load repetitions related to c on top of
the subgrade
Does not account for failure in other layers
Nd = f4 ( c )
f5 f4 & f5=
Nd = 1.365 10 9 ( c )
4.477
Topic 3 Flexible Pavement Stress Analysis
7. Sensitivity Analysis
Sensitivity analyses illustrate the effect of various parameters
on pavement responses
Variables to be considered:
Layer
Layer