15BME0921

Aditya Shivarkar

OBSERVATIONS AND TABULATIONS

Results of the Characteristics study on Francis Turbine

Specific
S.NO Dead Spring Total Turbine Input Out put Efficiency Speed of
load load load speed (N) power Turbine
Power ( )
( T1 ) (T2 ) (T) RPM m/s
kW %
kg kg N kW
2.485880 0.350201 14.0876313
1. 1 0 9.81 2351 83.78619
682 705 2
2.485880 0.479274 19.2798612
2. 1.5 0 14.715 2145 76.44466
682 346 4
2.485880 0.595834 23.9687474
3. 2 0 19.62 2000 71.27707
682 463 6
2.485880 0.670313 26.9648408
4. 2.5 0 24.525 1800 64.14936
682 771 9
2.485880 0.744048 29.9309733
5. 3 0 29.43 1665 59.33816
682 285 9
2.485880 0.852415 34.2902893
6. 3.5 0 34.335 1635 58.269
682 678 3
2.485880 0.965251 38.8293708
7. 4 0 39.24 1620 57.73442
682 83 8
2.485880 1.018876 40.9865581
8. 4.5 0 44.145 1520 54.17057
682 931 5
2.485880 1.020366 41.0464800
9. 5 0 49.05 1370 48.82479
682 517 2

Info
Pressure gauge reading ( G ) 1.35 kg/ cm2
Vacuum Gauge Reading (V) 75 mm of Hg
Total Head ( H ) 14.52 m of water
Break drum Diameter 0.29 m

Venturimeter reading
h1 51 kg/ cm2
h2 37 kg/ cm2
Difference in pressure head (h) 1.764 m of water
Discharge (Q) 0.01745198 m3/s

Exp.No : 6
Date : 10-10-2017

CHARACTERISTIC TEST ON FRANCIS TURBINE

AIM
 To study the performance of the Francis turbine and hence to draw the constant head characteristic curves.

BASIC CONCEPT

Hydraulic turbines are the machines which converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. In general a
hydraulic turbine consists a wheel called runner having a number of specially designed vanes or blades or buckets.
The water possessing a large amount of hydraulic energy when strikes the runner, it does the work on the runner
and cause it to rotate. The mechanical energy thus developed is supplied to the generator coupled to the runner,
which then generates electrical energy.

The Francis turbine is classified as an Reaction turbine. In Francis turbine most of the available energy of
water is converted into pressure energy by passing it through the number of vanes provided to the runner. The
water coming out of the runner is passed through a draft tube to reduce the losses and regain the pressure energy.
The following formulae are employed.

i) Discharge (Q) = 0.01314 h

h = Equivalent head of water ( m)

ii)Input Power (I/P )= QH /1000 ( kW )

= Unit weight of water (N/m3)

Q = Discharge (m3/s)

H= Total head (m)

iii) Total load ( T ) = ( T1 T2 + T0) x g (N)

T1 = Dead load ( kg )

T2 = Spring load =( 1 kg )

T0= hook gauge weight (kg)

g = acceleration due to gravity ( m / s2 )

iv) Out put power ( O/P ) = DNT / 60000 ( kW )

D = Diameter of breakdrum( 0. 3 m )

N= R.P.M. of the runner

O/P
v) Efficiency ( ) = x100
I/P

N P
Specific speed of the turbine = 5
4
H

N = speed of the turbine corresponding to maximum efficiency

P= Power developed by the turbine corresponding to maximum efficiency.

H = Head on the turbine corresponding to maximum efficiency

APPARATUS

1. Francis wheel turbine

2. Inlet pipe with venturimeter setup

3. Weights

4. Tachometer

GRAPH

The following graphs are drawn taking N on X axis

1. Output power vs N

2. Efficiency vs N

45
40
35
30
Effeciency

25
20
15
10
5
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
N

1.2

0.8
Output Power

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
N
RESULT

1. The constant head characteristics for Francis turbine is drawn at a gate opening of 0.29 and at a head of 14.52 m

2. The specific speed of the Francis turbine 63.77713624 rpm