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    211 Ansichten34 Seiten

    Nace Questions 1 PDF

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chapter 1 NACE BASIC CORROSION COURSE Series H-3 Name ——Radress State Zip Corrosion is a single reaction that can be turred off like a spigot. ‘An alloy that is the best choice for one application may not be acceptable for another. The deterioration of wood, ceramic, or plastics is a form of corrosion. Corrosion occurs in most environments. Select the material usually coated to protect it from atmospheric corrosion. Tron alloys Stainless steels Plastics Titanium Choose the least important cause of corrosion. City oT OF 2 7 F 3 TOF 4 TOF 5 AL B in De 6 A. B. ie D. 7 ee & TF %® TF 10. T F ao OF seers Tage Chemical attack Nuclear deterioration Electrochemical reactions Moist air Many engineers observe corrosion but accept it as inevitable. All metals can and generally do corrode. Automobile bodies and bumpers now seldom suffer corrosion due to protective measures. Brass valves prevent corrosion at junctions on galvanized water pipes. Ii copper, brass, aluminum or stainless steel were substituted for iron, corrosion would not be anticipated. Compact layers of oxide, carbonate or sulfate can contribute to corrosion resistance. 1 13, 1a. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20, T F Coldwater is always more corrosive than hot water. + F For most applications, compatibility with other materials in the system is ‘a major factor in material selection. Bimetallic corrosion is said to result from ‘A. _ Insulation. B. _ Dissimilar metal contact. C. Heat differentials. D. Use of binary alloys. Zinc will often be found as a major alloying element in ‘A. Heat resistant alloys. B. Copper alloys. C. Titanium alloys. DB. Wrought stainless steels. T OF Plants handling poisonous, corrosive, and combustible materials often cannot operate unless corrosion is controlled. TF Red brass is less resistant to corrosion than eluminum brass in salt water at the Great Salt Lake. TF Corrosion rates expressed in the English system cannot be converted to metric terins. Select the factor least often contributing to corrosion. ‘A. High temperature B. Overdesign C. Bacteria D. Improper heat treatment 1-2 NACE BASIC CORROSION COURSE Chapter 2 Series H-3 el Name Ke SS —— eee City State Zip 1, TF __ Interruption of operations and loss of life can be the penalties of corrosion failures. 2, T F Electrochemistry is the science that explains the mechanism of corrosion attack in aqueous solutions. 3, TF The anode and cathode of a corrosion cell must consist of two different metals. 4, TF The anodic and cathodic reactions of 3 corrosion cell must occur simultaneously and at equivalent rates. 5, The gas least likely to cause corrosion over 315°C is A. Methane. B. Hydrogen sulfide. C. Neon. DB. Oxygen. 6. Corrosion occurs at an anodic surface where the secu oh concentration is higher than in the bulk solution. Seygen content is lower than in the bulk solution. Meet ion concentration is lower than in the bulk solution. Oxygen content is high. 7. TF Slowing down of cathodic reactions js called "cathodic polarization". g. TF _ Steam boilers are operated with deaerated feed water as a means of preventing corrosion. 9. TF There isa single value of the electrode potential of a metal independent apne solution in which the potential is measured. 10. TF Ina galvanic couple between copper ‘and 304 stainless steel in salt water the Copper will tend to corrode and the stainless steel to be protected. Me 12. 13. 1h 15. 16. A 18. 19. 20. ai. Stainless steels will often AS B. es D. Be immune to pitting attack. Be susceptible to oxygen concentration cell action. Be passivated by a film based on reaction with nitrogen. Corrode slowly, even when activated. ‘The minimum copper ion concentration known to cause aqueous corrosion of aluminum is less than AL B. cy De TE TF tant TF One part in 1,000. ‘One part in 10,000. One part in 100,000. (One part in 1,000,000. "Pipe-to-soil potential” is really the potential measurement between the pipe in the soil and the half cell used to make the measurement. Galvanic action tends to speed up as 2 result of the products of anodic and cathodic reactions. ‘The tendency for a metal to go into solution is greater in a dilute solution than in a concentrated solution of its ions. in an oxygen concentration cell, the metal surface in contact with a solution containing higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen will become cathodic. Open circuit potential measurements are useful for AL B. ies De Predicting the magnitude of galvanic effects. Predicting polarization effects. Predicting the direction of galvanic effects. None of the above. Corrosion accelerated by an oxygen concentration cell will occur A 8. fe} TOF Tae Select A. B. c. dD. Outside a crevice. Within a crevice. Both inside and outside of a crevice. Insoluble films of lead sulfate provide protection for lead in sulfuric acid. Application of anodic protection does not require as much control as does cathodic protection. the most general reason metals corrode. The are soluble in acids or alkalis They are influenced by stray electrical currents Their metallic form has a higher level of energy than their ores Their corrosion products can disperse as fast as they form 2-2 NACE BASIC CORROSION COURSE Chapter 3 Series H-3 ee Name ee Address City State Zip 1. TF. During the reaction of metals in acids, oxygen is evolved as = $85- 2. TF Anelectrochemical reaction is a chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons. 3. TF Adding oxygen to acid solutions will render them less corrosive: 4, Stainless steels will most likely be attacked in solutions containing ‘A, Very little oxygen or oxidizer. B. Excessive amounts of oxygen. CC. Cupric ions. D. Aerated acids. | When iron is in water at a potential more negative than -1.2 volts SHE, it usually will corrode in A. Acid: B. Alkalis. C. Neutral solutions. DB. None of these. & TF Activation polarization is usually the controlling factor during corrosion of metals in weak acids. 3. TF The magnitude and sign of the EMF should be noted when measuring and reporting corrosion potentials. & TF Inany electrochemical reaction, the more negative halt cell tends to be reduced and the more positive half cell tends to be oxidized. 9, TF The galvanic series is a tabulation of half cells according to corrosion potentials. lo, TF The typical flashlight battery depends on galvanic corrosion to generate electrical power. 12. 14. 15. 16. 7. 18. 19. 20. a. 22. ‘The static oxidation-reduction potential refers to a condition when A. Current is flowing from the anode. B. Ions are rapidly entering the electrolyte. C. Reactions at the cathode are accelerated. D. There is a zero net current flow. Reaction products of zinc immersed in hydrochloric acid include A. Hydrogen sulfide. B. Hydrogen gas- Cc. Oxygen. D. None of these. TF For practical corrosion resistance, the most favorable area ratio is a very large cathode connected to a very small anode. TF When steel and aluminum pipes carrying water are joined together, it is important to install an electrical contact between them. TF The oxidation-reduction potentials can be used to predict whether or not galvanic corrosion will occur. TF Apotentiostat can be used to control the anodic current and maintain a constant electrode potential. ‘The ferrous ion is usually stable when iron is exposed to pH7 water at 2 potential (standard hydrogen scale) of A. +L.2v. BL +0.45v. c. -L2v. Dd. -0.45v. It is unusual for which of the following metals to be corroded Py oxygenated acid solutions: A, Gold B. Copper Cc. Aluminum D. Zine TF Corrosion rate measurements can be made by electrochemical techniques. TF Electrochemical corrosion rate measurements require 3 long period. TF Fixation devices on human bones can be readily tested by electrochemical methods. 1 F Knowledge of electrochemistry can be very useful in reducing corrosion. 3-2 NACE BASIC CORROSION COURSE Chapter 4 a Name xg ee City State Zip TF Metal thickness is uniformly decreased by uniform corrosion. junctions between the two metals. Series H-3 TF indissimilar metal corrosion, the more positive metal corrodes at exposed 3, TF There is aclear line of demarcation between the four basic types of atmospheres causing corrosion. corrosive environment. 5, Select the factor that most tends to decrease atmospheric corrosion: A. Decreased polarization B. Increased relative humidity C. Increased temperature D. Increased electrolyte resistivity 6. Select the most important factor in atmospheric corrosion: ‘A, Reduction of the anode B. Oxidation of the cathode C. Polarization of the electrolyte D. The IR drop in the electrolyte important factor. test results. exposures when compared with steel. TF Some conditions in arid or tropical atmospheres may produce @ very TF Moisture causes some atmospheric corrosion but is not usually an + F Environmental factors have very little effect on atmospheric corrosion TF Zinc has better corrosion resistance in coastal exposures than in industrial 10. T F Average weather conditions have no effects on atmospheric exposure testing periods. 4 Me 12. 13. 1. 15. 16. 7. 18. 19. 20. 2. 22. the effect usually associated with electrolyte contaminationt Increase in electrical conductivity Stabilization of pH Specific ion effects to inhibit corrosion Increase in relative humidity Which of the following measurements is most important when pitting oceurst Select AL B. es D. A. B. ci D. TF i TF TOF TOF TF Average volumetric corrosion rates Maximum pitting depth Average depth of pits Metal weight loss Accelerated corrosion tests can be applied to accurately predict behavior in a natural environment. ‘The relative corrosion resistance of open-hearth steel is about the same in Daytona Beach and Kure Beach. Composition of carbon steel makes little difference when comparing its atmospheric corrosion rate to HSLA steels. Copper usvally experiences large weight changes due to atmospheric corrosion. Ina marine environment, the difference in corrosion rates of aluminum alloys is approximately tenfold. Zinc exposed to the atmosphere quite often has 2 corrosion rate that is linear with time. Galvanic corrosion is restricted when A. B. ey D. Select A. Corrosion products form between the metals, Cathode depolarization occurs. Electrolyte conductivity is high. ‘Anode depolarization occurs. the least useful measurement of atmospheric corrosion. ‘Change in surface roughness Time to initial rust Weight loss Time to perforation Titanium alloys should not be used in the atmospheric exposure- |All corrosion preventive methods for underground corrosion are effective for atmospheric corrosion. 4-2 NACE BASIC CORROSION COURSE Chapter 5 Series H-3 je ee ———7nadeess Name ee City State Zip TF Cathodic protection is the reduction or elimination of corrosion by making the metal a cathode by means of an external current. TF The internal surfaces of a pipe will generally receive protection from cathodic protection applied to the outside of a pipe. TF The structure must be negative (-) with respect to the CP anode before the anode can discharge current. TF Anodes of an impressed current cathodic protection system possess their own electrical energy to supply cp current. Select the commonly used galvanic anode in soils: ‘A, Low carbon steel 8. Cadmium C. Magnesium D. Rhodium Which of the following is not carried out to determine current required for cathodic protection: ‘A. Setting up a temporary groundbed B. Using an external source of current C. Gradually increasing current applied to a temporary bed D. Reversing anode-cathode polarity TF Animpressed current cathodic protection system must have an alternating current power line available. TF The half cell potential between stee! and earth is a constant value for all practical purposes. TF Asilver-silver chloride reference electrode is frequently used in sea water CP tests. SL 10, 12. 13. 1 15. 7 19. 20. ai. 2. TF A poorly coated buried structure will often require a relatively small amount of current to cathodically protect it. Cathodic protection systems using sacrificial anodes can be described as: wh.” Transferring corrosion from the protected structure to the anodes. B. Effective when all current has stopped flowing in the system. C. Effective when all piping, buried or not, is made sufficiently negative: SESS Gt protecting internal surfaces of a buried structure by external zine. Select the least acceptable reference electode to determine the extent of cathodic protection (assume porous wooden plugs for B and C): ‘A. Insoils, pure zinc in packaged backfill. B. In sea water, copper/copper sulfate half cells. C. _ Insea water, silver/silver chloride half cells. D. Pure zinc in sea water. 1 F Polarization potentials should be allowed to stabilize before recording. TF Soil or water environment electrical resistivity measurements are often part of the corrosion survey conducted prior to designing cathodic protection system. TF Soil resistivity measurements at various depths require digging. + F Both galvanic and impressed current anodes perform better in low resistivity soil. In practice, cathodic protection calls for ‘A. An exact quantity of current to polarize the structure. B.A potential drop across the resistance between the protected structure and its environment. C. isolating the resistance of any coating on the structure. D. An increased flow from the formerly anodic areas. Tests for current requirements on a bare structure require A. Locating the electrode contacts over the structures B! Locating the electrode contacts 100 feet from the structure. CL Locating the electrode contacts far enough away so there Is no significant increase in negative readings. D. Reading the polarization potential after the structure is polarized. TF Potentiometers or potentiometer-voltmeter circuits draw no current from the external circuit. TF Turbulent waters require less current than quiet waters for cathodic protection. TF Damage to impressed current anodes is usually less important than to galvanic. TF Deep groundbeds are used primarily with galvanic current CP systems. 5-2 NACE BASIC CORROSION COURSE Chapter 6 Series H-3 Name ‘Rddress City State Zip 1. TF Aniron pipe buried in bone dry soil usually suffers little or no corrosion: 2. TF When salt is dissolved in water, the two atoms separate and each atom develops an electric charge (+). 3, TF The two electrodes of a corrosion cell must be different metals. 4, TF The EMF series of metals always gives an accurate potential for metals in an environment. 5, Select the undesirable characteristics of pipeline coatings. ‘A. Good bond to the pipe surface B. Low dielectric strength High electrical resistance D. _ Withstands the release of hydrogen 6. Soil resistivity measurements do not usually require A. An external source of electrical energy. B. A potential measuring device. S RAeesing polarity of the direct current source to offset stray currents: DB. Access to a nearby power line. 7. TF The deep section of an oil well casing usually becomes the anode and surface piping the cathode of an oxygen concentration cell- 8. TF Allsurface film formations on metal surfaces reduce corrosion: 9. TF _ Hydrogen is often formed at the anode of a corrosion cell. lo. TF Leak rate usually decreases with time on an unprotected pipeline. LI. Gas distribution systems are not typically subject to corrosion damage from ‘A. Difference in the ages of pipe. B. Accidental contacts with other piping. C. Galvanic couples in piping. D. Cavitation effects. 1B. lb 15. 16. 17. 18. 19, 20. Select the correct statement concerning cathodic protection applied to metal immersed in sea water. ‘A, Marine growth cannot be killed by the current B. Current cannot pass through bodies of growth C. Tecan deposit scale beneath barnacles. 1 F Pipeline cumulative leak data drawn on semilogarithmic paper tend to be in a straight line. TF _ Resistivity can be calculated from resistance measurements; TF Extreme cathodic current can literally strip a coating off in a matter of hours. T A soil resistivity survey assists in the selection of size of galvanic anodes. Select an uncommon source of external corrosion of large tanks buried underground. A. Concentration cells B. Oxygen differential action Cc. Galvanic attack D. Excessive relative humidities Hydrogen formed as the result of cathodic protection does nots A. Exist in the form of single atoms. B. Combine with oxygen to form water. Form hydrogen gas. Penetrate the metal in the anode area. TF Potential surveys after a line is placed under protection are needed to ensure complete and continued protection. 1 F Apotentiometer or potentiometer-voltmeter measurement of line currents requires correction for lead resistance. NACE BASIC CORROSION COURSE Chapter 7 Series H-3 Oe Name Address City State Zip 1. TF Corrosion in water is caused by contaminants. 2. TF Galvanic corrosion may be encountered in hot water PiPing in the home. 3, TF Water boiling or flashing to steam can concentrate impurities present and cause stress corrosion cracking. 4. TF Corrosion resistance of copper alloys in sea water depends on the velocity of the flow of the water. 5. An inhibitor often used in cooling tower waters 1S ‘A. Polyphosphates. B. Chromates. Cc. Silicates. D. Sodium hydroxide. 6. Which least complicates the control of corrosion in cooling tower systems? ‘A. Chloride salts. B. Calcium salts. C. Slime and algae. D. Air-borne dust. 7. TF Seawater may be corrosive to stainless steels. 8. TF Deaerated water containing sulfate-reducing bacteris does not usually cause corrosion of iron. 9. TF Copper sulfate should not be used as an algaecide when the cooling water system contains aluminum alloys. 10. TF Stainless steel, nickel base alloys, copper and aluminum are used extensively in high-temperature water and steam. 7-1 A 12 1B. a 15. 16. 19. 20. a. 22. 23. Treatment of boiler feed water does not involve ‘A. Mechanical deaeration. B. Chemical deaeration. C. Removal of water hardness. DL Addition of silicates as corrosion inhibitors. Which of the following is not frequently used in sea water-cooled heat exchangers? ‘A. Cupronickel B. Titanium C. Type 316 stainless steel D. Hastelloy C T F Carbon steel is often used in boiler sections at temperatures above 455°C because of its strength and corrosion resistance: TF A21/&Crol Mo steel is resistant to, general attack by clean deaerated ‘steam at temperatures to about 650° C. TF Condenser tube corrosion is often due to dissolved carbon dioxide. TF Total dissolved solids are maintained at or nest zero for water used in supercritical steam plants. TF Oxygen and metal ion concentration cells would normally develop at the same place in a crevice. ‘The attack on steels is accelerated by which of the following materials dissolved in fresh water: A. Calcium sulfate Hydrogen ions to a pH of 2 Calcium carbonate Nitrogen a a requires no treatment to remove oxygen. Select the best statement concerning fuel-cladding alloys.

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