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EFFECTIVE EARTHS RADIUS

THURSDAY, JANUARY 12, 2012 FOLLOWERS

[4] LOS Survey Procedure Followers (1)

Tujuan:
tujuan LOS survey adalah untuk memverivikasi desain jaringan yang
Follow
diusulkan layak, dengan mempertimbangkan line-of-sight bukan
mencari semua alternatif yang mungkin.

BLOG ARCHIVE

2012 (6)
January (6)
[6] Capacity Planning
[5] Space Diversity Calculation
[4] LOS Survey Procedure
[3] Frequency Scanning
Procedure
[2] Frequency Band
[1] Topologi Jaringan Transmisi

2011 (2)
A.Microwave LOS Survey : Process

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Desain jaringan dan LOS survei dilakukan secara paralel tim survei LAODEMIRWANSAGALA
harus memiliki komunikasi yang baik dengan TND.
VIEW MY COMPLETE PROF ILE
B.Microwave LOS Survey : Theory

Fresnel Zone
Defined as an area or zone where the effective radiated power is evenly
distributed and is surrounding the direct line-of-sight. About half of
the radio signal energy travels through 1st fresnel ellipsoid. So, any
obstruction within the fresnel ellipsoid has some impact on the Rx
level.

K-Factor
Defined as measure of the ray curvature effect, produced by the
variation in the Atmosphere Refraction Index with height. The K-
Factor indicates the atmosphere state at a given time and its effect to
radio ray curvature

In standard condition, k-factor is equal to 4/3 = 1.33

Other k-factor condition are :

K < 4/3, Sub-refractive atmosphere condition Ray path closer to the
earth. The lowest k value corresponds to the highest probability that
radio ray be obstructed by the ground
K > 4/3, super refractive atmosphere condition Ray path more
distant from the earth. The range of the radio transmission can be
significantly expanded. Unexpected interference may occur
Microwave LOS Survey : Visibility Criteria

Typical and Minimum k factor :

Typical k = 4/3 = 1.33
Minimum k = 2/3 = 0.67
Clearance Criteria
A link considered LOS when both below criteria are met :
Clearance > 100% with Typical k (= 1.33)
Clearance > 60% with Minimum k (= 0.67)

C.Microwave LOS Survey : Procedure

Survey Equipments :
Binoculars (preferably with built in compass)
Maps (preferably 1 : 50,000 or better)
Compass
GPS
Camera
Communication equipment
Altimeter
Inclinometer (preferably compass with built in inclinometer)
Laptop with path profile tool (Pathloss 4.0 or MS excel with macro)
Set of climbing tools (body harness, rope, carabineer, etc)
Set of mirrors and balloons if needed

In office preparation :

Prepare all survey equipments

List of hops to survey from Transmission Network Design team. Make
sure that the coordinate of all BTS / site location is included
Arrange site entrance permit to the if needed
Prepare the template of LOS survey report
Conduct preliminary map study (with Bakosurtanal maps or reliable
digital maps) for the proposed BTS location to the proposed Far End.
If any indication that the proposed FE is not LOS, consider alternative
FE and discuss with TND engineer

== Map Study ==
NE and FE coordinate is plotted into Topographic Map, and analyze
the path along the link by reading the map notation & symbols
Elevation value of samples from each point along the path (each 0.2
0.5 km distance) will be noted, refer to map reading
Samples will be tabulated to generate path profile
Map study exercise will be perform in the next session

Microwave LOS Survey : Methods

Visibility

Using binoculars and compass to ensure the line of sight.

The get accurate azimuth, use the compass off the tower (preferably
with some distant from the tower). Since magnetic component in the
compass will easily affected with solid metal object, such as tower. This
procedure is preferably done by 2 person (on and off tower), where off
tower person will give direction of the correct azimuth
Make sure the path is free of large from large obstacles all the way to
the other site
Take photographs on the direction of the path, at the position of
proposed antenna, both from NE and FE
Suitable for hop with short distance, up to 7 km. At least one of the
sites (NE or FE) has existing tower

Tracking Along the Path

Verify and confirm the proposed BTS location and the existing site with
the aid of GPS (preferably connected with map source software)
Program the site coordinates (new and existing) in the GPS for
direction references
Mark down possible and every visible landmarks as guidance
To perform a detailed sampling of the terrain, use the navigation
features of the GPS and follow the trail along the path (if possible) to
other site by taking note of the elevation every 0.5 km to 1 km if
possible
If the topographical condition of the path is nearly impossible to trail
along, take a off path trail about at least 20-100 m from the original
path, and take note of the highest obstacle elevation with inclinometer
Tabulate the terrain elevation samples to the survey report to generate
a path profile report
This method is suitable to perform LOS survey when no maps are
available

Mirror Test

Requires at least 2 person (1 person at each station) and

communication set
Both station must have existing tower
Need light source from the sun, cannot conduct at night or cloudy day
The position where light flash first visible is consider minimum LOS
height

Balloons

Requires at least 2 person (1 person at each station) and

communication set
Can be perform on green field LOS survey toward existing FE
Balloon color must be distinctive to surrounding environment (e.g. red)
to make it easily visible from opposite station
Balloon cord should be mark at certain length, to take note how high
balloon is flying
Difficult to perform, since survey engineer need to carry a lot of
equipment (balloon, gas tube, etc)

LOS Survey Methods Matrix

Output

Site survey is conducted on the existing sites, to check site feasibility

for additional microwave equipment as proposed in network design

Verify the tower space for specific proposed antenna height, refer to
LOS survey result
Calculate the feeder / coaxial cable length requirement
Verify the indoor space availability for microwave equipment
Verify the power supply availability (DC breaker, rectifier capacity)

POSTED BY LAODEMIRWANSAGALA AT 8:47 AM

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