Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Instruction Bulletin
LIST OF TABLES Table 1: US Standard Bolt Torques for Bus and Cable
Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table 2: Insulation-Resistance Test Voltage for Electrical
Apparatus and Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 3: Transformer Insulation-Res. Acceptance Test Voltage
and Min. Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 4: Insulation Resistance Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 5: Power Frequency Dielectric Withstand Test . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Table 6: Instrument Transformer Dielectric Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 7: Schneider Molded Case Circuit Breaker Watts
Loss/Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 8: Schneider Type DS, DSII, DSL, and DSLII Circuit
Breaker Contact Resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
SECTION 1—INTRODUCTION This bulletin details the inspection and testing procedures that Schneider
Services technicians must follow during commissioning and startup of
electrical equipment. These inspections and tests are performed on new
equipment, after installation and prior to energizing, in order to:
1. check that the equipment has not been damaged during shipment or
installation;
2. verify that the equipment is in compliance with the purchase specification
and design intent; and
3. document test results that can serve as benchmarks for future tests.
The standard deliverables to the customer are those inspections and tests
listed under subsections A, B, and D (Instrument Transformers only) of each
equipment’s startup procedures. Schneider technicians will perform the
optional tests listed in subsections C and E (Instrument Transformers only) if
specified by the customer at the time the order is received.
For testing of equipment not detailed in this document,Schneider Services
will refer to the InterNational Electrical Testing Association’s (NETA)
guidelines in Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power
Distribution Equipment and Systems (NETA ATS 1999).
For additional information, contact Schneider Services
SECTION 2—SAFETY Proper safety procedures shall be reviewed and implemented before each
activity listed in this procedure and the Schneider “Field Service
Safety, Health and Environmental Handbook.” Job Safety Analysis followed
by a toolbox/pre-job meeting shall be conducted prior to any activity listed in
this procedure. The toolbox meeting shall be documented and attached to
the FS101. Proper safety procedures as detailed in the Schneider
Electric “Field Services Safety, Health and Environmental Handbook”,
employee training, and customers requirements shall be implemented as
dictated by each sites requirements.
Services Employees are NOT authorized to work on live equipment. There
may be occasions in which you are taking measurements or checking
voltages within an energized enclosure, but you are NOT authorized to “do
Hands on Live” repairs!
Schneider does not typically perform shutdown and/or switching
operations, because these operations may result in damage to property or
persons downstream of the equipment as a result of conduct, errors, or
omissions made by others. If a customer requests Schneider to
perform such services, technicians must contact their District Manager for
approval and proper procedures.
Required personal protective equipment is detailed in the latest revision of
procedure SQDS-SHE-001. A copy of this procedure may be obtained from
the District Manager or from the Safety, Health, and Environment Manager.
B. Electrical Tests
The following tests involve the setup of the drive by using the programmable
menus in the drive. Supply single-phase power at the rated system voltage
level, +/-15, to the CL1 and CL2 terminals of the drive.
1. Set the Motor Nominal Current parameter to Motor nameplate Full Load
Amp (FLA) value.
2. Set the High Speed Parameter to 60 Hz, or the maximum setting intended
by the user.
3. Set the Low Speed Parameter to 0 Hz, or the minimum setting intended
by the user.
4. Set the Acceleration parameter to approximately 20 seconds.
5. Set the Deceleration parameter to approximately 30 seconds.
6. Check the Input/Output Map assignments.
7. Set the keypad to display four table scroll.
8. Set Output Phase Fault parameter to “No.”
9. Operate the drive with no motor connected. Cycle the unit through several
Start and Stop sequences, ramping to full speed and to zero. (Use
Keypad Mode if no external Start/Stop or Speed control is available.)
10. Return Output Phase Fault parameter to “Yes.”
For the following tests, the equipment will be energized onto the power
distribution circuit by the means provided (i.e., disconnect switch) for the
drive. The connected motor will be “bumped” to verify proper rotating
direction using the drive as well as any bypass to line feature, if provided.
11. Measure the output of ac control transformers to be within +/-5% of
nominal output voltage. Measure dc control supplies (for customer use),
and verify that they are within the manufacturer’s recommendations.
12. Measure the dc bus voltage and verify that it is equal to the measured
RMS Line to Line input voltage x 1.414 +/-5%.
13. Measure the RMS values of Line to Line voltages: L1 to L2, L1 to L3, and
L2 to L3. Verify that they are 208, 230, or 460 Vac rms +/-10%. Phase to
Phase voltage imbalance must be less than +/-2%. Measure L1, L2, and
L3 to ground. Phase to ground voltage imbalance should be less than
+/-5%. Perform measurements in standby mode, medium motor load,
and full motor load.
14. Verify that phase rotation in Bypass mode is per the manufacturer’s
recommendations. If incorrect, swap any two line-side power wires at the
disconnecting switch.
15. Verify that phase rotation in AFC mode at approximately 10 Hz is per the
manufacturer’s recommendations. If incorrect, swap any two wires at the
“T lead” connections on the drive.
16. Measure Output voltages at the “T lead” terminals of the drive with no
motor connected (open circuit with output phase fail detection turned off)
and the drive running at half speed and again at full speed. Verify that
phase to phase output voltage imbalance is less than 2% at any output
frequency. Repeat with the motor connected and running at medium
motor load and again at full motor load.
17. Measure the motor current in each “T lead” at medium motor load and
again at full motor load. Output Phase Current imbalance must be less
than 5% at any load. Compare readings taken to displayed value of output
current on the Keypad. Note any discrepancies on the test report.
18. Verify that speed control signals vary within the voltage or current range
of the input to which they are connected. Check for proper shielding on
wires connected to speed control inputs. Verify that signals are isolated
from power wires.
19. Verify that I/O points are assigned to proper functions per factory
drawings.
20. Verify that Hand and Auto controls, Start, Stop, and speed input, operate
the drive correctly.
21. Check that all indicating lamps illuminate only for their assigned
functions. Check all Push to Test lamps.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance Panelboard industry standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform insulation-resistance tests on each pole, phase-to-phase and
phase-to-ground with switch closed and across each open pole for one
minute. Test voltage shall be in accordance with manufacturer's published
data or Table 2 on page 59.
2. Switches equipped with solenoid trip, blown main fuse detector, etc., test
each feature for proper operation. To test blown fuse detector, activate it
and confirm by attempting to close the breaker without reset.
3. Sswitches, perform Blade Contact Resistance Test
(a) With the device de-energized, operate the device closed and open
several time using either manual or electrical means.
(b) Apply a minimum current of 100 amperes dc through the closed
contacts. If 100 A is not available, use the highest current available. If
the device does not conform to the manufacturer’s specification,
obtain equipment to perform the test at 100 A or consult the factory
with full information about the details of the test. If the continuous
current rating is less than 100 A, then test at a level not to exceed the
continuous current rating.
(c) Measure the contact resistance of each pole and compare with the
following values:
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance with Switchgear industry
standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform insulation-resistance tests on each pole, phase-to-phase and
phase-to-ground with switch closed and across each open pole for one
minute. Test voltage shall be in accordance with manufacturer's published
data or Table 2 on page 59.
2. Perform a dielectric test (Hi-Pot) on each pole with switch closed. Test
each pole-to-ground with all other poles grounded. Test voltage shall be
in accordance with manufacturer's published data or Table 5 on page 61.
C. Optional Tests
Check the erosion gap of VISI-VAC vacuum bottles per the manufacturer’s
instructionsAdjust
. as necessary to meet specified gaps.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance with Switchgear industry
standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform insulation-resistance tests on each pole, phase-to-phase and
phase-to-ground with switch closed and across each open pole for one
minute. Test voltage should be in accordance with manufacturer's
published data or Table 2 on page 59.
2. Perform a dielectric test (Hi-Pot) on each pole with switch closed. Test
each pole-to-ground with all other poles grounded. Test voltage shall be
in accordance with manufacturer's published data or Table 5 on page 61.
3. Perform a contact-resistance test across each switchblade and fuse
holder. Investigate any value exceeding 500 micro-ohms, or any values
that deviate from adjacent poles or similar switches by more than 25
percent.
B. Electrical Tests
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Check calibration of meters according to the manufacturer’s published
data.
2. Electrically confirm that current transformer and voltage transformer
secondary circuits are intact.
C. Optional Tests
1. Calibrate watt-hour meters according to manufacturer's published data.
2. Verify all instrument multipliers.
B. Electrical Tests
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Measure insulation resistance of each busway, phase-to-phase and
phase-to-ground for one minute, in accordance with Table 2 on page 59.
For Square D, Low Voltage, I-Line busway, with the load and line ends
disconnected, and no overcurrent devices installed, use an insulation
resistance tester rated at 1000 volts to ensure the system is free from
short circuits and grounds (phase-to-phase, phase-to-neutral, and
phase-to-ground). The megohm readings should not be less than the
value calculated from the following formula. (If readings are less than the
values calculated from the formula consider drying the air with in the
building for at least a day and then remeasure. If low readings persist,
contact the factory.)
Megohms = 100 / length of run (in feet) or Megohms = 30.5 / length of run
(in meters)
2. Visual confirmation of correct phasing on each busway tie section
energized by separate sources. (De-energized)
C. Optional Tests
1. Perform contact-resistance test on each connection point of non
insulated busway. On insulated busway, measure resistance of
assembled busway sections and compare values with adjacent phases.
2. Perform a dielectric test (Hi-Pot) on each busway, phase-to-ground with
phases not under test grounded, in accordance with manufacturer's
published data. Apply test voltage for one minute. Use test voltage values
as shown in Table 5 on page 61.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance industry standards.
Verify that the opposite end of the cable run being tested is isolated form
personnel during testing. Verify that the electrical test equipment is correctly
selected and operates properly. Record the date of the last calibration date
and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Cables and leads shall be tested for continuity to ensure correct cable
connection and phasing rotation.
2. Perform an insulation resistance test on each conductor between one
conductor and ground with the other conductors grounded. Each
conductor shall be tested in the same manner.
(a) The test shall be performed at 1000 volts dc for one minute.
(b) Each 480V feeder cable shall be tested with the cable connected to
the racked-in but open breaker or switch at the equipment. Connection
at the other end of each of these cables shall be as follows:
(i) Cables to Motor Control Centers shall be connected to the bus with
the switches or breakers in the starters open.
(ii) Cables to motors and other equipment shall be connected to the
motors and equipment with feeder switches open.
C. Optional Test
Perform a dielectric test on medium voltage shielded cable per Table 5 on
page 61. Refer to the manufacturer’s published data, and perform at 5 KV
intervals, checking leakage current and decay voltage over the specified time
period.
B. Electrical Tests
1. Perform insulation-resistance tests from terminal(s) to case for one
minute on capacitors with more than one bushing. The test voltage and
minimum resistance shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions or Table 2 on page 59.
2. Measure the capacitance of all terminal combinations.
3. Measure the resistance of the internal discharge resistors.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance with molded case circuit breaker
industry standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
C. Optional Tests
1. Perform insulation-resistance tests in accordance with Table 2 on page
59. Do not perform this test on wiring connected to solid-state
components.
2. Perform long-time delay time-current characteristic tests by passing 300
percent rated current through each pole separately unless series testing
is required to defeat ground fault functions.
3. Determine short-time pickup and delay by primary current injection using
the manufacturer’s current specified procedures. If the procedures are
not available, set the pickup somewhere above minimum.
4. Determine ground-fault pickup and time delay by primary current injection
using the manufacturer’s current specified procedures. If the procedures
are not available, set the pickup somewhere above minimum.
5. Determine instantaneous pickup current by primary injection using run-
up or pulse method, per the manufacturer’s current specified procedures.
NOTE: Values of pickup and delay found should agree with the
manufacturer’s specifications.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance with Switchgear industry
standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform a contact-resistance test. For Type DS, DS II, DSL, and
DSL II type circuit breakers, use the following procedure:
(a) With the breaker de-energized, operate the breaker closed and open
several times using either manual or electrical means.
(b) Apply a minimum current of 100 amperes dc through the closed
contacts. If 100 A is not available, use the highest current available. If
the device does not conform to the manufacturer’s specification,
obtain equipment to perform the test at 100 A, or consult the factory
with full information about the details of the test. If the continuous
current rating is less than 100 A, then test at a level not to exceed the
continuous current rating.
(c) Measure the contact resistance of each pole and compare with the
values listed in Table 8 on page 66.
(d) If the resistance is below the value shown in Table 8 on page 66, the
condition of the breaker contacts is considered suitable for service. If
the resistance exceeds the value in Table 8, the contacts can be
abraded lightly with “Scotchbrite” or crocus cloth to remove oxides or
other contaminants. Excessive abrading of contacts should be
avoided since the silver plating could be abraded away. Contact the
factory if nominal values of resistance cannot be achieved.
2. Perform an insulation-resistance test at 1000 volts dc from pole-to-pole
and from each pole-to-ground, with the breaker closed and across open
contacts of each phase. The minimum insulation resistance shall be in
accordance with Table 2 on page 59.
3. Make adjustments for the final settings in accordance with the
coordination study supplied by the owner, if available.
4. Determine the minimum pickup current by secondary current injection,
using the manufacturer’s specified test device and procedures.
5. Determine long-time delay by secondary current injection, using the
manufacturer’s specified test device and procedures.
6. Determine short-time pickup and delay by secondary current injection,
using the manufacturer’s specified test device and procedures.
7. Determine ground-fault pickup and delay by secondary current injection,
using the manufacturer’s specified test device and procedures.
8. Determine the instantaneous pickup value by secondary current
injection, using the manufacturer’s specified test device and procedures.
9. Activate auxiliary protective devices such as undervoltage relays, to
ensure that shunt trip devices are operating. Check the operation of
electrically operated breakers in their cubicles.
10. Verify auxiliary features, such as trip and pickup indicator, electrical close
and trip operation, trip-free, and antipump function are operating correctly.
11. Check the electric charging mechanism, if applicable.
C. Optional Testing
1. Perform an insulation-resistance test in accordance with Table 2 on page
59. Do not perform the test on wiring connected to solid-state
components.
2. Determine minimum pickup current by primary current injection, using the
manufacturer’s specified procedures. If the procedures are not available,
set the pickup somewhere above minimum.
3. Determine long-time delay by primary current injection, using the
manufacturer’s specified procedures. If the procedures are not available,
set the delay somewhere above minimum.
4. Determine short-time pickup and delay by primary current injection, using
the manufacturer’s specified procedures. If the procedures are not
available, set the pickup somewhere above minimum.
5. Determine ground-fault pickup and delay by primary current injection,
using the manufacturer’s specified procedures. If the procedures are not
available, set the pickup somewhere above minimum.
6. Determine instantaneous pickup value by primary current injection, using
the manufacturer’s specified procedures. If the procedures are not
available, set the pickup somewhere above minimum.
7. Activate the Blown Fuse detector and confirm by attempting to close the
breaker without reset.
NOTE: The values of pickup and delay should agree with the manufacturer’s
specifications.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance with the equipment standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Measure contact resistances using the following procedure:
(a) Operate the breaker closed and open several. times.
(b) Apply 100 amperes DC and measure the resistance of each pole. If
100 A is not available, use the highest current available. If the device
does not conform to the manufacturer’s specification, obtain
equipment to perform the test at 100 A or consult the factory with full
information about the details of the test. If the continuous current rating
is less than 100 A, then test at a level not to exceed the continuous
current rating.
(c) If the measured resistance is greater than 2000 micro-ohms, consult
the manufacturer
2. Perform insulation-resistance tests pole-to-pole, pole-to-ground, and
across open poles in accordance with Table 2 on page 59.
3. Perform a power frequency withstand test in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions. For circuit breakers, perform the
test in accordance with Table 5 on page 61.
4. Verify trip, close, trip-free, and antipump functions.
5. Trip the circuit breaker by operating each protective device.
C. Optional Tests
1. Perform an insulation-resistance test on all control wiring in accordance
with Table 2 on page 59. Do not perform this test on wiring connected to
solid-state relays.
2. Perform time-travel analysis using a travel distance timer.
3. Perform dissipation-factor/power-factor tests on breaker and bushings on
each pole with the breaker open, and on each phase with the breaker
closed.
4. Perform a minimum pick-up voltage test on trip and close coils.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance with the equipment standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform a contact-resistance test in accordance with the following
procedure:
(a) Operate the breaker closed and open several times.
(b) Apply 100 Amperes dc and measure the contact resistance of each
pole. If 100 A is not available, use the highest current available. If the
device does not conform to the manufacturer’s specification, obtain
equipment to perform the test at 100 A or consult the factory with full
information about the details of the test. If the continuous current
rating is less than 100 A, then test at a level not to exceed the
continuous current rating.
(c) Breaker pole units having a resistance exceeding 35 microhms shall
be referred to the manufacturer for further evaluation.
CAUTION 2. Verify the trip, close, trip-free, and antipump functions.
HAZARD OF INJURY OR EQUIPMENT
DAMAGE 3. Trip the circuit breaker by operating each protective device.
• DC LIM Hi-Pot testing of vacuum breakers is 4. Perform insulation-resistance tests pole-to-pole, pole-to-ground, and
not recommended. across open circuit breaker separable contacts in accordance with Table
2 on page 59.
• Read the label on the vacuum bottle for
precautions to take against the danger of x- 5. Perform a vacuum bottle integrity (over potential) test. Use an AC Hi-Pot
ray emission while performing AC Hi-Pot across each vacuum bottle with the breaker in the open position, in strict
testing. accordance with manufacturer's instructions. For Metal-Clad Switchgear,
apply the Maximum Test Voltage across the open gap in accordance with
Failure to follow these instructions can Table 5 on page 61 for a duration of one minute. Contact the manufacturer
result in injury or equipment damage. if repeated consistent breakdowns are encountered.
C. Optional Testing
1. Perform an insulation-resistance test on all control wiring in accordance
with Table 2 on page 59. Do not perform this test on wiring connected to
solid-state relays.
2. Perform breaker travel and velocity analysis, using a travel distance timer.
3. Perform minimum pickup voltage tests on trip and close coils.
4. Perform dissipation-factor/power-factor tests on each pole with the
breaker open, and on each phase with the breaker closed.
B. Electrical Tests
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Verify that all charger functions and alarms are operating properly.
2. Measure each cell voltage and total battery voltage with the charger
energized and in float mode of operation.
C. Optional Tests
1. Verify that flame arresters are present.
2. Set the charger float and equalizing voltage levels.
3. Perform a capacity load test in accordance with the manufacturer's
specifications and ANSI/IEEE standards.
• ANSI/IEEE Std 450-1987. Recommended Practice for Maintenance,
Testing and Replacement of Large Lead Storage Batteries for
Generating Stations and Substations.
• ANSI/IEEE Std 1106-1987. Recommended Practice for
Maintenance, Testing and Replacement of Nickel-Cadmium Storage
Batteries for Generating Stations and Substations.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance with the equipment standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Measure contact-resistance.
2. Perform insulation-resistance tests, phase-to-phase and phase-to-
ground, with the switch in both source positions at the minimum dc test
voltage appropriate for the equipment’s Maximum Rated Voltage, in
accordance with Table 2 on page 59. Record the resistances.
3. Verify the settings and operation of control devices.
4. Calibrate and set all relays and timers in accordance with “Section 25—
Protective Relays” on page 43.
5. Perform the following automatic transfer tests:
(a) Simulate loss of normal power.
(b) Return to normal power.
(c) Simulate loss of emergency power.
(d) Simulate all forms of single-phase conditions.
6. Verify that the following functions have correct timing and are operating
properly:
(a) Normal source voltage-sensing relays
(b) Engine start sequence
(c) Time delay upon transfer
(d) Alternate source voltage-sensing relays
(e) Automatic transfer operation
(f) Interlocks and limit switch function
(g) Time delay and retransfer upon normal power restoration
(h) Engine cool down and shutdown feature
7. Verify that the mechanical power is removed from the generator in the
event of a phase to phase or phase to ground fault between the generator
and generator protection means (i.e., Circuit Breaker or Fuses).
B. Electrical Tests
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Measure the system neutral-to-ground insulation resistance with the
neutral disconnect link temporarily removed. Replace the neutral
disconnect link after testing.
2. For a system: that involves only one source; is a ground fault protection
system that uses a zero phase sequence sensor that encompasses all
phase and neutral conductors; and has a test winding within the zero
phase sequence sensor, test by injecting test current in the test winding,
as long as the sensor is not differentially connected with another sensor.
Such systems are typically used with fused switch systems, but are
occassionally used with circuit breaker systems where the internal
breaker GF protection system is not used. In this case, a primary current
injection test method need not be used. The test is a self test that uses a
feature integral to the unit. If instructions are not provided, use the
technique in step 3 below.
C. Optional Tests
1. Measure the insulation resistance of the control wiring in accordance with
Table 2 on page 59. Do not perform tests on wiring connected to solid-
state relays.
2. Measure the time delay of the relay at 150 percent or greater of pickup.
Verify operability of I2t function, if being used, of the ground fault trip device.
3. Verify reduced control voltage tripping capability: 55 percent for ac systems.
B. Electrical Tests
1. Perform an instrument transformer polarity check.
2. Perform insulation resistance tests on each instrument transformer, each
winding to ground at 500 volts dc. Do not perform this test on solid state
devices. Resistance readings should be consistent with Table 2 on page
59 for test voltages of 500 volts dc.
3. Test all electrical controls (relays, lights, switches) to verify that they are
operating properly.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance industry standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform a fall-of-potential test or alternative in accordance with IEEE
Standard 81-1991 on the main grounding electrode or system.
2. Perform point-to-point tests to determine the resistance between the
main grounding system and all major electrical equipment frames,
system neutral, and/or derived neutral points.
B. Electrical Tests
1. Measure line-to-line and line-to-ground voltage with an ac voltmeter and
record the voltage on the data sheet.
2. Measure the leakage current with an ac microammeter that is capable of
being accurate within 3%. Record the value to three significant figures.
Measure the current between L1 and ground and L2 and ground.
NOTE: Before taking current measurements, verify that no phase
conductor is at ground potential.
3. Use the following formulas to determine the individual line impedance
based on the values calculated in step 2 and line-to-line voltage
measurement:
V (L1 to L2)
Z (L1 to GD) =
I (L2 to GD)
V (L1 to L2)
Z (L2 to GD) =
I (L1 to GD)
Line impedance measurements will include all receptacles, but are not
required to include lighting fixtures or components of fixtures. All
electrical equipment connected to the isolated power system must be
unplugged, and permanently installed equipment must be switched off.
For isolation panels with branch-circuit interlock (x-ray panels), branch
circuits must be measured individually. Record the circuit with the lowest
calculated impedance as the “system” impedance.
For panels in which a combination of circuits may be energized (PLC
laser panels), measure branch circuits individually; energize the
combination of circuits that contributes the highest amount of leakage
current. This value is used to calculate the system impedance.
If a line impedance is below 200,000 ohms (NFPA-99 1996, 3-3.2.2.2),
the probable cause should be determined. If you cannot correct the
problem at this time, you must note it on the report.
4. Line Isolation Monitor (LIM) Calibration Tests: Determine the exact trip
point of the LIM by slowly lowering the impedance between each isolated
conductor and ground until the LIM goes into an alarm condition, and
then measure the total hazard current with an ac milliammeter.
Apply the following test faults between the isolated conductors and
ground:
• Single resistive L1 to ground
• Single resistive L2 to ground
• Single resistive L3 to ground (three-phase systems)
• Balanced resistive L1 to ground and L2 to ground (one-phase systems
only)
• Single capacitive L1 to ground
• Single capacitive L2 to ground
• Single capacitive L3 to ground (three-phase systems)
• Balanced capacitive L1 to ground (one-phase systems only)
NOTE: The correct trip point of a 2 mA ISO-GARD (series D) LIM is
1.95 mA, +0.15 mA. The correct trip point of a 5 mA ISO-GARD
(series D) LIM is 4.85 mA, +0.25 mA.
5. In patient care areas, determine the effectiveness of the equipment
grounding system by using voltage and impedance measurements. Take
these measurements with respect to a reference grounding point such as
the ground bus in the isolation panel.
Take voltage measurements between the reference point and the
exposed conductive surfaces (including ground contacts of receptacles)
in the patient care vicinity.
NOTE: The voltage limit for new construction is 20mV.
Take impedance measurements between the reference point and the
grounding contact of each receptacle in the patient vicinity.
NOTE: The impedance limit for new construction is 0.1 ohms.
The grounding terminals of all receptacles and the conductive surfaces of
fixed equipment, operating at over 100 volts, must be grounded by a
conductor sized in accordance with NEC.
NOTE: Conductive surfaces in the patient area that are not likely to
become energized (such as windows, door frames, and towel
dispensers) need not be intentionally grounded or tested. Ref: NFPA-99,
3-3.3.2.1
Provide a report of the test results to the customer within two weeks. The
report must include the following:
• A list of the isolation panels and areas that were tested
• Any code violations that were revealed by the testing and inspection
• Recommendations for corrections of any code violations
• A list of any damaged equipment. Note if these items will be replaced
under warranty.
• Individual data sheets for the isolated power systems
• A logbook with initial hazard current readings of the isolated systems
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance with the equipment standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform insulation-resistance tests on each bus section, phase-to-phase
and phase-to-ground at the minimum dc test voltage appropriate for the
equipment Maximum Rated Voltage, in accordance with Table 2 on page
59. Record the resistances. If the resistance is lower than the
recommended values in Table 2 on page 59, dry the equipment for a
minimum of 4 hours using heat and fans. Then re-measure. If low
readings persist after vigorous drying, contact the manufacturer.
2. Perform a control wiring performance test by applying control voltage.
Verify that the equipment operates as intended.
3. Verify that MCC heaters operate properly.
4. Perform tests on starters in accordance with “Section 22—Motor
Starters: Low Voltage” on page 39 or “Section 23—Motor Starters:
Medium Voltage” on page 40.
C. Optional Tests
1. Determine the accuracy of all meters in accordance with “Section 7—
Analog Metering” on page 13.
2. Perform insulation-resistance tests in accordance with Table 2 on page
59. Do not perform this test on wiring connected to solid-state
components.
3. Perform tests on all instrument transformers in accordance with “Section
32—Transformers, Instrument” on page 53.
4. Perform the following tests on control power transformers:
(a) Perform insulation-resistance tests. Take measurements from
winding-to-winding and each winding-to-ground. Test voltages shall
be in accordance with Table 2 on page 59 unless otherwise specified
by the manufacturer.
(b) Perform a secondary wiring integrity test. Disconnect the transformer
at secondary terminals, and connect secondary wiring to the correct
secondary voltage. Confirm potential at all devices.
(c) Verify that the secondary voltage is correct by energizing primary
winding with system voltage. Measure the secondary voltage with the
secondary wiring disconnected.
5. Perform the following tests on potential transformers:
(a) Perform a secondary wiring integrity test. Disconnect the transformer
at secondary terminals, and connect secondary wiring to the correct
secondary voltage. Confirm correct potential at all devices.
(b) Verify that secondary voltage is correct by energizing primary winding
with system voltage. Measure the secondary voltage with the
secondary wiring disconnected.
6. Perform a dielectric test (Hi-Pot) on each bus section, each phase to
ground with phases not under test grounded, in accordance with the
manufacturer's published data. If the manufacturer has no
recommendation for this test, it shall be in accordance with Table 5 on
page 61. The test voltage shall be applied for one minute.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance with the equipment standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Measure the insulation resistance of each combination starter, phase-to-
phase and phase-to-ground, with the starter contacts closed and the
protective device open. Test voltage shall be in accordance with Table 2
on page 59. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for devices with
solid-state components.
2. Perform operational tests by initiating control devices.
C. Optional Tests
1. Measure the insulation resistance of each control circuit-to-ground. Test
voltage shall be in accordance with Table 2 on page 59. Do not perform
tests on wiring connected to solid-state relays.
2. Test the motor overload relay elements by injecting primary current
through the overload circuit, and monitoring the trip time of the overload
element.
3. Test circuit breakers in accordance with “Section 29— Switchgear and
Switchboard Assemblies: Low and Medium Voltage” on page 48 or
“Section 12—Circuit Breakers: Low Voltage Power (ANSI/IEEE C37.13)”
on page 20 as appropriate.
NOTE: Typically, Molded Case Circuit Breakers are used—refer to
“Section 11—Circuit Breakers: Low Voltage Insulated Case/Molded
Case” on page 17. If ANSI C37.13 Power Circuit Breakers are used, refer
to “Section 12—Circuit Breakers: Low Voltage Power (ANSI/IEEE
C37.13)” on page 20.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance with the equipment standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform a control wiring performance test. Use the elementary diagrams
to identify each remote control and protective device. Verify that each
CAUTION control feature performs satisfactorily.
HAZARD OF INJURY OR EQUIPMENT
2. Perform insulation-resistance tests on contactor, phase-to-ground,
DAMAGE
phase-to-phase, and across the open contacts for one minute in
• DC LIM Hi-Pot testing of vacuum breakers is accordance with Table 2 on page 59.
not recommended.
3. Perform a vacuum bottle integrity test (overapologetic) test using AC Hi-
• Read the label on the vacuum bottle for Pot across each vacuum bottle, with the breaker in the open position in
precautions to take against the danger of x- strict accordance with manufacturer's instructions. Contact the
ray emission while performing AC Hi-Pot manufacturer if repeated consistent breakdowns are encountered.
testing.
4. Test ground-fault protection by injecting a primary current through the
Failure to follow these instructions can sensor. Confirm pickup level and timing.
result in injury or equipment damage.
5. Perform setup and testing on protective relaying in accordance with the
manufacturer's published data.
C. Optional Tests
1. Perform an insulation-resistance test in accordance with Table 2 on page
59. For devices with solid-state components, refer to the manufacturer's
published data.
2. Perform ratio and polarity tests on all current and voltage transformers in
accordance with “Section 32—Transformers, Instrument” on page 53.
3. Test control power transformers in accordance with “Section 29—
Switchgear and Switchboard Assemblies: Low and Medium Voltage” on
page 48.
4. Energize the contactor using an auxiliary source. Adjust the armature to
minimize operating vibration where applicable.
5. Test circuit breakers in accordance with “Section 14—Circuit Breakers:
Medium Voltage Vacuum” on page 24 or “Section 13—Circuit Breakers:
Medium Voltage SF6” on page 22.
6. Perform an overapologetic test, as applicable, in accordance with the
manufacturer's published data or Table 5 on page 61. The test voltage
shall be applied for one minute.
7. Measure contact resistance.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance with Switchgear industry
standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Remove a sample of insulating liquid in accordance with ASTM D-923.
The sample shall be tested for the following:
Dielectric breakdown voltage: ASTM D-877.
2. Perform insulation-resistance tests pole-to-pole, pole-to-ground, and
across open poles for one minute. The test voltage should be in
accordance with manufacturer's published data or Table 2 on page 59.
C. Optional Tests
1. Perform an insulation-resistance test in accordance with Table 2 on page
59. Do not perform this test on wiring connected to solid-state
components.
2. Remove a sample of insulating liquid in accordance with ASTM D-923.
The sample shall be tested for the following:
(a) Dielectric breakdown voltage: ASTM D-877 and/or ASTM D-1816.
(b) Acid neutralization number: ASTM D-974.
(c) Specific gravity: ASTM D-1298.
(d) Interfacial tension: ASTM D-971 or ASTM D-2285.
(e) Color: ASTM D-1500.
(f) Visual Condition: ASTM D-1524.
(g) Parts per million water: ASTM D-1533. Required on 25 kV or higher
voltages and on all silicone-filled units.
(h) Measure dissipation factor or power factor in accordance with ASTM
D-924.
B. Electrical Tests
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform an insulation-resistance test on each circuit-to-frame. Do not
perform this test on solid state relays.
2. Inspect targets and indicators.
3. Verify the operation of all light-emitting diode indicators, if applicable.
4. Set contrast for liquid-crystal display readouts, if applicable.
5. Control Verification:
Verify that each of the relay contacts performs its intended function in the
control scheme, including breaker trip tests, close inhibit tests, 86 lockout
tests, and alarm functions.
6. Verify that all pickup/dropout parameters are on each operating element.
7. Verify timing at three points on the time dial curve.
C. Optional Tests
System Test: After the equipment is initially energized, measure the
magnitude and phase angle of all inputs and compare to expected values, in
order to prove that the equipment has proper polarity and is correctly
connected. (Optional second trip if the equipment cannot be energized)
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance with the equipment standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform insulation-resistance tests on each winding-to-ground in the
neutral position with the test voltage in accordance with Table 2 on page 59.
2. Perform special tests and adjustments as recommended by the
manufacturer.
3. Perform a turns ratio test on each voltage step position. Verify that the
indicator correctly identifies all tap positions.
4. Verify that the voltage range limiter operates accurately.
5. Verify functioning and accuracy of bandwidth, time delay, voltage, and
line-drop compensation adjustments.
6. Perform a dielectric breakdown test with a field tester.
C. Optional Tests
1. Remove a sample of insulating liquid in the main tank or common tank in
accordance with ASTM D-923. The sample shall be tested for the
following:
(a) Dielectric breakdown voltage: ASTM D-877 and/or ASTM D-1816.
(b) Acid neutralization number: ASTM D-974.
(c) Specific gravity: ASTM D-1298.
(d) Interfacial tension: ASTM D-971 or ASTM D-2285.
(e) Color: ASTM D-1500.
(f) Visual condition: ASTM D-1524.
18. Set relays in accordance with the coordination study supplied by owner,
if available. If a coordination study is not available, the customer will be
responsible for setting relays.
19. Verify that drawout disconnecting and grounding contacts and interlocks
function correctly.
20. Verify that customer connections to remote power, operators, interlocks,
and indicators have been made.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance with Switchgear or Switchboard
industry standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform insulation-resistance tests on each bus section, phase-to-phase
and phase-to-ground, at the minimum dc test voltage appropriate for the
equipment’s Maximum Rated Voltage in accordance with Table 2 on page
59. Record the resistances. If the resistance is lower than the
recommended values in Table 2 on page 59, visually inspect the
equipment for cleanliness and other potential causes. If the visual
inspection does not reveal the causes, recommend for the contractor to
dry the equipment for a minimum of 4 hours using heat and fans. Then
re-measure. If low readings persist after vigorous drying, contact the
manufacturer.
2. Perform a control wiring performance test by applying control voltage.
Verify that the equipment operates as intended.
3. Perform a phasing check on double-ended switchgear (low voltage) to
insure correct bus phasing from each source. {Optional second visit is
required if equipment is not energized.}
4. Verify correct function of control transfer relays located in switchgear with
multiple power sources.
5. Verify operation of switchgear/switchboard heaters.
6. Test protective relays in accordance with “Section 25—Protective Relays”
on page 43.
7. Test individual circuit breakers or switches in accordance with the
applicable section of this document:
C. Optional Tests
1. Perform tests on all instrument transformers in accordance with “Section
32—Transformers, Instrument” on page 53.
2. Perform insulation-resistance tests in accordance with Table 2 on page
59 on all control wiring. Do not perform this test on wiring connected to
solid-state components.
3. Perform ground-resistance tests in accordance with “Section 19—
Grounding Systems” on page 32.
4. Perform the following tests on control power transformers.
(a) Perform insulation-resistance tests. Perform measurements from
winding-to-winding and each winding-to-ground. Test voltages shall be
in accordance with Table 2 on page 59 unless otherwise specified by
the manufacturer.
(b) Inspect primary winding tab connections and secondary terminal
connections for correct wiring for primary and secondary voltages
involved.
(c) Perform a secondary wiring integrity test. Disconnect the transformer at
secondary terminals and connect secondary wiring to correct
secondary voltage. Confirm potential at all device
(d) Verify correct secondary voltage by energizing primary winding with
system voltage. Measure secondary voltage with the secondary wiring
disconnected.
5. Perform a contact resistance test through all bus joints, using a low
resistance ohmmeter.
6. Perform the following tests on potential transformers.
(a) Perform a secondary wiring integrity test. Disconnect transformer at
secondary terminals and connect secondary wiring to correct
secondary voltage. Confirm correct potential at all devices.
(b) Verify secondary voltage by energizing primary winding with system
voltage. Measure secondary voltage with the secondary wiring
disconnected.
7. Perform tests on ground fault protection system in accordance with
“Section 17—Ground-Fault Protection Systems” on page 29.
8. Perform current tests by primary injection on all metering and relaying
circuits, other than ground fault, in each section of switchgear with
magnitudes, such that a minimum of 1.0 ampere flows in the secondary
circuit. Verify that the secondary current flow at each device is intended
in the current circuit.
9. Determine the accuracy of all {Analog} meters per “Section 7—Analog
Metering” on page 13.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance industry standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform insulation-resistance tests winding-to-winding and each winding-
to-ground, with test voltage in accordance with Table 3 on page 59. Test
duration shall be for ten minutes with resistances tabulated at 30
seconds, one minute, and ten minutes.
2. Perform a transformer turns-ratio test on all tap connections. Verify that
winding polarities are in accordance with nameplate.
C. Optional Tests
1. For 5kV and above, perform power-factor or dissipation-factor (excitation-
current) tests in accordance with the test equipment manufacturer's
instructions.
2. Measure the resistance of each winding at each tap connection.
3. Verify that the core is grounded. If the core is insulated and a removable
core ground strap is available, perform a core insulation-resistance test at
500 volts dc.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance industry standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform an insulation-resistance test. Measurements shall be made from
winding-to-winding and each winding-to-ground. Test voltages and
minimum resistance shall be in accordance with Table 3 on page 59.
Results should be temperature corrected in accordance with Table 4 on
page 60.
2. Using a TTR, verify that transformer winding turns-ratio measurements
and polarities are in accordance with the nameplate.
3. Verify that as-left tap connections are as specified.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform an insulation-resistance test of the current transformer and
wiring-to-ground at 500 volts dc. Do not perform this test on solid-state
devices. Resistance readings should be consistent with Table 2 on page
59 for a test voltage of 500 volts dc.
2. Perform a polarity test of each current transformer.
3. Perform a ratio-verification test using the voltage or current method in
accordance with ANSI C5XVIII.1 (IEEE Guide for Field Testing of
Relaying Current Transformers).
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform insulation-resistance tests winding-to-winding and each winding-
to-ground. Test voltages shall be applied for one minute in accordance
with Table 2 on page 59. Do not perform this test with solid-state devices
connected.
2. Perform a polarity test on each transformer to verify the polarity marks or
H1-X1 relationship as applicable.
B. Electrical Tests
NOTE: When performing dielectric tests, you must disconnect all Instrument
and Control Transformers, Arresters, TVSS units, and other sensitive
electronic equipment that may cause erroneous results or cause damage to
equipment that is not rated in accordance industry standards.
Verify the proper selection and operation of the electrical test equipment.
Record the date of the last calibration date and the date re-calibration is due.
1. Perform insulation-resistance tests, winding-to-winding, and each
winding-to-ground with the test voltage in accordance with Table 3 on
page 59. Test duration shall be for ten minutes with resistances tabulated
at 30 seconds, one minute, and ten minutes.
2. Perform a transformer turns-ratio test on all no-load tap-changer
positions and all load tap-changer positions. Verify that tap setting is as
specified. Verify that winding polarities are in accordance with nameplate.
C. Optional Tests
1. Perform insulation power-factor/dissipation-factor tests on all windings
and correct to 20° C in accordance with the test equipment
manufacturer's instructions.
2. Perform power-factor/dissipation-factor tests (or hot collar watts-loss
tests) on bushings and correct for 20° C in accordance with the test
equipment manufacturer's instructions.
3. Perform excitation-current tests in accordance with the test equipment
manufacturer's instructions.
TABLES Table 1: US Standard Bolt Torques for Bus and Cable Connections
Heat-Treated Steel - Cadmium or Zinc Plated
1 Bronze alloy bolts shall have a minimum tensile strength of 70,000 pounds per square inch.
Aluminum Alloy Fasteners2
Torque (Foot-Pounds)
2 Aluminum alloy bolts shall have a minimum tensile strength of 55,000 pounds per square inch.
Stainless Steel Fasteners3
Torque (Foot-Pounds)
3 Bolts, cap screws, nuts, flat washers, locknuts: 18-8 alloy. Belleville washers: 302 alloy.
Aluminum lugs are suitable for use with copper or aluminum conductors. Copper lugs are suitable
for use with copper conductors only.
Use 75 °C copper or aluminum conductors except as marked on or near installed circuit breakers
or switches.
Hardware that secures electrical joints must be torqued to the values shown
in the following table:
Recommended Minimum
Voltage Rating Minimum dcTest Voltage Insulation Resistance In
Megohms
0 - 250 500 50
251 - 600 1,000 100
601 - 5,000 2,500 1,000
5,001 - 8,000 2,500 2,000
8,001 - 15,000 2,500 5,000
15,001 - 25,000 5,000 20,000
25,001 - 69,000 15,000 100,000
Reprinted with permission of the InterNational Electrical Testing Association Copyright 1997
In the absence of consensus standards for minimum acceptable transformer insulation resistance,
the NETA Standards Review Council recommends the use of the following formula. Although the
origin of this formula is not identified, NETA recognizes its wide use in the electrical testing industry.
CE
IR kVA
IR = Minimum recommended one minute insulation resistance
C = Constant
E = Phase-to-phase voltage for delta connected windings; phase-to-neutral voltage for star
connected windings.
kVA = Rated kVA of transformer
Reprinted from Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Distribution Equipment and
Systems (NETA ATS-1999).with permission of the InterNational Electrical Testing Association.
Temperature Multiplier
Apparatus
Apparatus
Containing
°C °F Containing Solid
Immersed Oil
Insulation
Insulation
0 32 0.25 0.40
5 41 0.36 0.45
10 50 0.50 0.50
15 59 0.75 0.75
20 68 1.00 1.00
25 77 1.40 1.30
30 86 1.98 1.60
35 95 2.80 2.05
40 104 3.95 2.50
45 113 5.60 3.25
50 122 7.85 4.00
55 131 11.20 5.20
60 140 15.85 6.40
65 149 22.40 8.70
70 158 31.75 10.00
75 167 44.70 13.00
80 176 63.50 16.00
Reprinted from Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Distribution Equipment and
Systems (NETA ATS-1999).with permission of the InterNational Electrical Testing Association.
Dielectric tests for ANSI/IEEE C37.20.1 Low Voltage Switchgear & C37.23 Bus
The column headed “DC Withstand” is given as a reference only for those using dc tests to verify
the integrity of connected cable installations without disconnecting the cables from the switchgear.
It represents values believed to be appropriate and approximately equivalent to the corresponding
power frequency withstand test values specified for voltage rating of switchgear. The presence of
this column in no way implies any requirement for a dc withstand test on ac equipment or that a dc
withstand test represents an acceptable alternative to the low-frequency withstand tests specified
in this specification, either for design tests, production tests, conformance tests, or field tests. When
making dc tests, the voltage should be raised to the test value in discrete steps and held for a period
of one minute.
Derived from Paragraph 8.8.2 and Tables 2 and 7 of ANSI/IEEE C5XVIII-1993 (Standard
Requirements for Instrument Transformers).
1 DC potential tests are not recommended for transformers rated higher than 200 kV BIL. DC tests
may prove beneficial as a reference for future testing. In such cases the test direct voltage should
not exceed the original factory test RMS alternating voltages.
Circuit Breaker
Frame Size Circuit Breaker Pole Resistance
Type
Type (Amperes) Rating/Ampacity Ohms x 10-3
15 31.11
20 18.75
25 12.00
30 8.44
35 6.37
40 4.88
FA, FH, FC 100 45 4.20
50 3.40
60 2.36
70 1.90
80 1.45
90 1.16
100 0.94
20 21.25
25 14.40
30 10.00
35 7.35
40 5.94
45 4.69
FI, IF 600V 100
50 4.00
60 2.78
70 2.45
80 1.88
90 1.60
100 1.30
70 2.78
80 2.13
90 1.94
100 1.57
110 1.31
KA, KH 225/250 125 1.02
150 0.73
175 0.55
200 0.44
225 0.36
250 0.29
110 1.20
125 1.06
150 0.87
KC, KI, IK 250 175 0.64
200 0.58
225 0.48
250 0.42
Circuit Breaker
Frame Size Circuit Breaker Pole Resistance
Type
Type (Amperes) Rating/Ampacity Ohms x 10-3
125 1.2160
150 0.9778
175 0.7967
200 0.6250
LA, LH 400 225 0.4998
250 0.4096
300 0.2911
350 0.2163
400 0.1688
250 0.6240
300 0.4667
IL 480V 400
350 0.3837
400 0.3063
300 0.4778
350 0.4163
400 0.2500
LX, LXI, LE 600
450 0.2519
500 0.2320
600 0.1694
125 1.6000
175 0.9143
200 0.7250
225 0.5926
250 0.4880
300 0.3444
350 0.2612
MA, MH 800/1000
400 0.2000
500 0.1460
600 0.1139
700 0.0939
800 0.0781
900 0.0679
1000 0.0550
100 0.8500
125 0.5440
150 0.4000
250 175 0.3265
200 0.3000
225 0.2667
MX, ME
250 0.2480
300 0.2144
350 0.1878
400 400 0.1531
450 0.1333
500 0.1220
Circuit Breaker
Frame Size Circuit Breaker Pole Resistance
Type
Type (Amperes) Rating/Ampacity Ohms x 10-3
400 600 0.1069
MX, ME 700 0.1000
800
800 0.0813
600 0.1069
700 0.1000
NH 1200 800 0.0813
1000 0.0630
1200 0.0535
600 0.1125
700 0.1061
800 0.0852
NA, NC, NX, NE 12000
900 0.0821
1000 0.0685
1200 0.0563
600 0.1069
700 0.1000
800 0.0813
900 0.0716
1000 0.0630
1200—2000
PA, PH, PC, PX, PE 1200 0.0535
1400 0.0495
1600 0.0410
1800 0.0355
2000 0.0315
2500 2500 0.0269