Urine Analysis2

You answered the question correctly.
Bence-Jones proteinuria is associated with all of the following conditions except:
The correct answer is highlighted below
Macroglobulinemia
Pernicious anemia
Multiple myeloma
Amyloidosis
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Macroglobulinemia, Multiple Myeloma, and Amyloidosis are all associated with

abnormal protein production and/or accumulation which can result in Bence-Jones
proteins being excreted in the urine.
Question Difficulty: Level 6
Urine chemical reagent strips readers can utilize any manufacturers dipsticks.
True
False
Feedback
This is not true. Each manufacturer will specify which urine chemical reagent strips
are acceptable for use on their instrumentation.

The nephron includes all of the following except:
Urethra
Glomerulus
Loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubule
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The nephron, the basic functional unit of the kidney, consists of a glomerulus, the
proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule, and the
excretory duct.
Match the following reagent strip tests to the disease or disorder that would most
likely cause a positive test result.
Your answers are on the left. The correct answers are on the right and highlighted.
Diabetes mellitus ketones

Renal calculi blood
Hepatitis/cirrhosis bilirubin
Urinary tract infection nitrites
Feedback
ketones- Diabetes mellitus
blood- Renal calculi
bilirubin- Hepatitis/cirrhosis
nitrites- Urinary tract infection

What type of cast is shown in the illustration?
WBC cast
RBC cast
Waxy cast
Granular cast
Feedback
RBC casts may appear as brown to almost colorless. Red cells can clearly be seen
within the cast. This type of cast is diagnostic of glomerular disease or intrarenal
bleeding.
Which of the following casts is characteristically associated with acute

pyelonephritis?
red cell
white cell
waxy
fatty
granular
Feedback
White cell casts are closely associated with acute pyelonephritis since white blood
cells are drawn to the infection and inflammation of the kidney (definition of
pyelonephritis) and are encased into casts which slough off into the urine. Red cell
casts are indicative of glomerular damage and can be seen in various conditions, but
most often nephritic syndromes. Fatty casts are most commonly seen in nephrotic
syndromes. Granular casts, composed of broken down cells or immunoglobulins, are
most commonly associated with chronic renal disease.
Which of the following cells when found upon microscopic examination of the urine
would be most indicative of kidney disease:
WBCs and bacteria

Tubular epithelial cells
Squamous epithelial cells
RBCs
Feedback
Tubular epithelial cells are frequently seen in patients with acute renal tubular
necrosis. They are most easily recognized when they form casts.

Identify the urine sediment elements present in this acidic urine:
Cholesterol crystals
Uric acid crystals
Amorphous urate crystals
Cystine crystals
Feedback
These urate salts frequently appear in acid or neutral urine in a noncrystalline

amorphous form. They have a yellowish-brown granular appearance. They may be
seen in normal urine. They are soluble in dilute alkali, and can change to uric acid
crystals in the presence of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
You answered the question incorrectly.

The image is a stained smear of cerebrospinal fluid. The cell in this slide could be
caused by what condition?
viral meningitis
allergic reaction
cerebral hemorrhage
metastasis
Feedback
The nucleus in this cell is abnormal and appears to have divided. This finding
correlates with the presence of metastasis in the CSF.

Identify the urine sediment element shown by the arrow:
Waxy cast
Coarse granular cast
Renal tubular epithelial cast
Fine granular cast
Feedback
Renal tubular epithelial casts are caused by the sloughing of necrotic renal tubular
cells. They can be due to allograft rejection, acute tubular necrosis, and certain drugs.
Identify the urine sediment elements shown by the arrow:
Waxy casts
Coarse granular casts
Renal tubular epithelial casts
Fine granular casts
Feedback
Waxy casts appear smooth and homogeneous, and highly refractile. They are present
in patients with severe renal failure, and can be due to allograft rejection.
Unconjugated bilirubin is conjugated in the liver with which of the following substances to
become water soluble?
Glycogen
Glucose oxidase
Glucuronic acid
Glycine
Feedback
Bilirubin is conjugated with glucuronic acid in the liver to become conjugated

bilirubin, which is water-soluble.
Which of the following is true about Bence-Jones protein when performing the heat
precipitation test?
Precipitates between 40 and 60C but redissolves at 100C

Precipitates between 60 and 80C but redissolves at 100C
Is dissolved between 40 and 60C but precipitates around 100C
Is dissolved between 60 and 80C but precipitates around 100C
Feedback
Bence-Jones proteins Precipitates between 40 and 60C but redissolves at 100C.

The observation of this protein in the urine is most commonly linked to multiple
myeloma or Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.
Match urine color with substance that might have been responsible:
Phosphates White
Bilirubin Yellow
Pseudomonas Blue to green
Porphobilinogen Red to brown
Feedback
Red to Brown Urine: porphobilinogen, hematuria, myoglobinuria, etc.
Green:
1. Food colorings
2. Increased carotene in the diet
3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
Yellow: bilirubin, bile pigments
White: phosphates, other crytals

Which of the following white blood cells would NOT produce a positive leukocyte
esterase test?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Feedback
The presence of lymphocytes will not produce a positive leukocyte esterase test since
lymphocytes do not contain leukocyte esterase.
Which of the following statements are true regarding the storage and handling of
urinalysis chemical reagent strips? (Choose ALL correct answers)
The correct answers are highlighted below
Store reagent strips at the temperature recommended by the manufacturer.

Touching the reagent areas of the strip will not interfere with test results.
Remove only enough strips for immediate use.
The bottle of reagent strips can remain uncovered once it has been opened.
Feedback
Out of the options listed, the correct answers are to store reagent strips at the
temperature recommended by the manufacturer of the strips and to remove only
enough strips for immediate use. It is never recommended to touch any of the reagent
pad areas or to leave the reagent strip bottle uncovered, as both can lead to inaccurate
results and faulty reagent strip analysis.

Uric acid crystals
Cystine crystals
Feedback
Uric acid crystals are variably shaped: they occur as flat diamond (four-sized),
rhombic, lemon-shaped, or rarely hexagonal shapes with a yellowish or yellowish
brown coloration. They are present in acid urine. They are polarizable and show
various colors when polarized. They may be present in normal urine.
Use the following urinalysis report to answer:
The patient is a female and the urinalysis is completed within two hours of collection.
Color - light yellow

Appearance - slightly turbid
Sp. Gravity - 1.009
pH - 8.0
Glucose - negative
Protein - 1+
Blood - negative
WBC - 5/HPF
RBC - 1/HPF
Epithelial - 0/HPF
Casts - 2 hyaline/LPF
Crystals - amorphous urates
Bacteria - 2+
True or false? The results are abnormal but all results correlate.
True
False
Feedback
Amorphous urates would NOT be seen in alkaline urine.
Which of the following substances can cause a false positive result for blood on the
urine chemical reagent strip?
Ascorbic acid
Bleach in the collecting bottle
High levels of nitrite
Feedback
The presence of bleach in the urine collection container can lead to a false positive
blood result on the chemical reagent strip. Bleach can trigger the color change
normally associated with the presence of red blood cells or hemoglobin. It is
important to follow up with a microscopic analysis for confirmation of a true positive
result.
A test for microalbuminuria is used most often to monitor patients with which of the
following diseases or conditions?
Diabetes
Bacterial infection
Multiple myeloma
Feedback
Tests for microalbuminuria are used most often to monitor patients with type 1 or type
2 diabetes.
Cells seen in the microscopic examination of the urine of a 30 year old female which
are smaller than RBCs but much the same shape are probably:
yeast cells
small lymphocytes
squamous epithelial cells
trichomonas vaginalis
Feedback
Yeast cells can appear very similar to red blood cells in the urine at times. Yeast cells
are a bit smaller than red blood cells and can have a "budding" appearance. This
morphology can aid in the differentiation between red cells and yeast.
Uric acid crystals
Cystine crystals
Feedback
Cystine crystals are characteristically seen as colorless hexagonal plates in acid urine.
They may be confused with hexagonal uric acid crystals. They can be differentiated
from uric acid by their solubility in dilute hydrochloric acid versus crystalline uric
acid, which is not soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid. The cyanide-nitroprusside test
can be used to confirm the presence of cystine in urine. Cystine crystals are not
present in normal urine.

All the following statements about the urine specimen are true EXCEPT:
The urine specimen should be tested within two hours of collection if the
specimen is stored at room temperature.
The urine specimen should be at room temperature prior to testing.
The urine specimen should always be centrifuged before performing the
chemical reagent strip testing.
The urine specimen must be well-mixed before performing the chemical reagent
strip testing.
Feedback
The intended answer is, "The urine specimen should always be centrifuged before
performing the dipstick testing." This is not the case. Urine specimens are not to be
centrifuged prior to chemical reagent strip analysis.
Which one of the following crystals is NOT found in normal urine?
Triple phosphate
Ammonium biurate
Calcium oxalate
Leucine
Feedback
Crystalline uric acid and calcium oxalates can be found in normal acid urine.
Ammonium biurate and triple phosphate can be found in normal alkaline urine.
Leucine crystals are abnormal, and can be found in maple syrup urine disease.

The image is a stained smear of cerebrospinal fluid. What types of cells are present in
this field?
pia arachnoid mesothelial cells

macrophages
malignant cells
neutrophils
Feedback
These are both normal cells that are not malignant. Macrophages can appear in the
CSF as well as arachnoid mesothelial cells. There are no neutrophils present in this
image.

False-positive tests for protein on a urine reagent strip may be caused by: (Choose
ALL of the correct answers)
Bacterial contamination
Urine that has remained at room temperature for an extended period of time
Alkaline medication
Ascorbic acid
Feedback
Bacterial contamination, urine that has remained at room temperature for an extended
period of time, and the presence of alkaline medication are all factors which can cause
false positives on the protein pad of a urine reagent strip.
Which is the best method for examination of synovial crystals:
Phase contrast
Darkfield microscopy
Brightfield microscopy
Polarized light
Feedback
A polarizing microscope with a first order red compensator is used to identify crystals
in synovial fluid: Needle shaped monosodium urate crystals are strongly negatively
birefringent, while rhomboid calcium pyrophosphate crystals are weakly positively
birefringent.

Bence-Jones proteinuria can be seen in all of the following conditions except:
Amyloidosis
Nephrotic syndrome
Multiple myeloma
Macroglobulinemia
Feedback
Bence-Jones proteins are monoclonal light chains excreted in the urine, seen with
multiple myeloma, and other neoplasms of lymphoid cells. Small amounts can be
missed by urine dipsticks, which are more sensitive to albumin than globulins. They
are best detected by urine protein electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, or
immunofixation. Large amounts cause renal tubular damage, resulting in myeloma
kidney. Bence-Jones proteins have unusual heat solubility properties, in that they
precipitate between 50- 60 degrees C and redisolve at 90 -100 degrees C. Historical
detection methods often utilized this unusual property.
Which of the following statements are TRUE for specific gravity measured by the
urine chemical reagent strip method? (Select ALL that apply)
The urine chemical reagent strip method is based on the relationship between
ionic concentration and specific gravity.
The urine chemical reagent strip method is based on the fact that light is
refracted in proportion to the amount of total solids dissolved in the urine.
The urine chemical reagent strip method is not affected by the presence of x-ray
contrast media in the urine specimen.
Feedback
There are two correct statements listed in the answer choices which accurately
describe specific gravity measurements by the reagent strip method. These statements
are:
The urine chemical reagent strip method is based on the relationship between ionic
concentration and specific gravity.
AND
The urine chemical reagent strip method is not affected by the presence of x-ray
contrast media in the urine specimen.
Which of the following tests included on a urine reagent strip would never be reported
out as negative?
Urobilinogen
Bilirubin
Leukocyte esterase
Blood
Nitrite
Feedback
Urobilinogen is reported as normal, not negative. A normal urobilinogen result is

approximately:
0.2-1.0 Ehr U/dL

True or false? The element that is indicated by the arrow is a red blood cell cast.
True
False
Feedback
This is a red blood cell cast. Red blood cells (RBCs) can be identified within the
matrix of the cast. The identification of the cast as a red blood cell cast is supported
by the appearance of RBCs outside of the cast.
The presence of only slightly visible hemolysis will significantly increase the serum
level of which of the following electrolytes?
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Bicarbonate
CO2
Feedback
Potassium, since it is a major intracellular cation, is spilled into the blood when red
blood cells are ruptured and broken, such as during hemolysis.
Which of the following parameters is generally NOT considered to be a part of a

seminal fluid analysis?
Sperm count
Morphology examination
Viscosity assessment
Glucose concentration
Motility
Feedback
Glucose concentrations are not performed during semen analysis procedures.

However, sperm count, morphologic examinations, viscosity assessments, and
motility assessments are usually included in a semen analysis procedure.

Which of the following are functions of CSF?
Supply nutrients to nervous system tissue.

Regulate body metabolism.
Protect spinal cord from injury.
Remove waste products from cerebral metabolism.
Feedback
Cerebrospinal fluid has three main functions:
Protect brain and spinal cord from trauma.

Supply nutrients to nervous system tissue.
Remove waste products from cerebral metabolism.
What term is used to describe the color in these tubes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Jaundice
Xanthochromia
Icterus
Feedback
The term that is used to describe the color in these tubes of CSF is "xanthochromia."
Xanthochromia is an abnormal color, usually yellow, orange, or pink, in the
supernatant of the CSF sample. It may indicate that a subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH) has occurred.
Jaundice and icterus both describe a yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, and
eyes. Blood plasma/serum that is deep yellow is also described as icteric.
Which is the best method for examination of synovial crystals:
Phase contrast
Darkfield microscopy
Brightfield microscopy
Polarized light
Feedback
A polarizing microscope with a first order red compensator is used to identify crystals
in synovial fluid: Needle shaped monosodium urate crystals are strongly negatively
birefringent, while rhomboid calcium pyrophosphate crystals are weakly positively
birefringent.

A semen specimen was collected three hours before it was brought to the laboratory
for examination. What course of action should be taken?
Complete macroscopic and microscopic examination as quickly as possible.

Report the specimen as compromised on the final report.
Perform the macroscopic and morphology procedures only.
Perform the wet mount only.
Feedback
Since the recommended time limit between collection and analysis is one hour, at
three hours, the technologist should report the specimen as compromised on the final
report.
What is the lower reference limit for semen volume according to the World Health
Organization, WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of
Human Semen, 5th edition?
0.5 mL
1.5 mL
3.5 mL
4.5 mL
Feedback
The lower reference limit for semen volume is 1.5 mL.

A plasma cortisol of 22 g/dL at 8:30 a.m. and 10 g/dL at 4:00 p.m. would be:
consistent with Addison's disease

consistent with Cushing's syndrome
found in a healthy individual
consistent with pheochromocytoma
Feedback
The amount of cortisol present in the blood undergoes diurnal variation, with the
highest levels present in the early morning, and the lowest levels present around
midnight, or 35 hours after the onset of sleep. Addison's disease will show lower
levels of cortisol and other steroid hormones without fluctuation in the day/night.
Cushing's syndrome is associated with high levels of cortisol throughout the day and
night. Pheochromocytoma is associated with an increased release of epinephrine and
norepinephrine.
What is generally accepted as the lower threshold value for semen pH from fertile
males?
5.5
6.5
7.2
8.0
Feedback
The lower threshold value of semen pH from fertile males is generally accepted to be
7.2.
All of the statements below about synovial fluid are true EXCEPT:
arthrocentesis is performed as a means to evaluate arthritis and other joint

disorders
synovial fluid is present only in movable joints
joint fluid resembles plasma in viscosity
joint fluid has approximately the same glucose as plasma
Feedback
Synovial fluid is actually quite viscous and does not have the same consistency as
plasma. The reason for its thicker consistency is to provide cushion and reduce
friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement.
A dilution commonly used for a routine sperm count is:
1:2
1:20
1:200
1:400
Feedback
A dilution commonly used for a routine sperm count is a 1:20.
Which of the following are directly involved in the production of semen?
Prostate
Pituitary gland
Seminal vesicles
Bulbourethral gland
Urethra
Feedback
The structures involved in the production of semen include the prostate, the seminal
vesicles, and the bulbourethral gland, along with the testes and epididymis.
Semen is produced as a combination of secretions from the different regions of the
male reproductive tract. Each fraction differs in chemical composition and function.
Spermatozoa are produced in the testes. They mature in the epididymis. The
testes also produce testosterone and inhibin.
Fluid from the seminal vesicles accounts for approximately 70% of semen
volume. The seminal vesicles are the source of fructose in semen. Fructose is
used by the spermatozoa as an energy source.
The prostate gland supplies about 20% of the volume of semen. Its fluids
include acid phosphatase and proteolytic enzymes that lead to coagulation and
subsequent liquefaction of semen. The prostate also contains most of the IgA
found in semen.
The bulbourethral gland produces mucoproteins that make up about 5% of the
volume of semen.
The pituitary gland is not directly involved in the production of semen; instead
hormones are released which stimulate the production of sperm. The urethra is not
involved in the production of semen.
What is the lower reference limit for progressive motility of spermatozoa when
performing a semen analysis?
12%
22%
32%
40%
Feedback
The lower reference limit for progressive motility is 32%. The lower reference limit
for total motility (progressive + non-progressive) is 40 %.
A CSF glucose value is 62 mg/dL. What would you estimate the serum glucose?
65 mg/dL
93 mg/dL
120 mg/dL
180 mg/dL
41 mg/dL
Feedback
CSF glucose is roughly estimated to be about 2/3 of the serum glucose level in mg/dL.
A technologist performed a STAT spinal fluid count by pipetting undiluted spinal

fluid in a Neubauer Counting Chamber and counting both sides of the chamber (4
large WBC squares on each side). A total of 54 White Cells were counted. How many
White Cells would there be per cubic millimeter?
3.80
67.5
13.5
300
540
Feedback
First, determine the number of WBC's from the hemacytometer as follows:
WBC/L= Avg # cells counted
(# squares counted x 0.1/L)
WBC = 54 / (8 squares x 0.1) = 67.5
Since 1 uL = 1 cubic millimeter, then the answer is 67.5
*Note in this question both sides were counted without separate values given for the
average to be obtained, therefore substitute the total cell count in the numerator with
the total squares counted in the denominator

What is the optimal time to begin initial microscopic examination of a semen
specimen, assuming liquefaction is complete?
30 minutes
2 hours
4 hours
8 hours
Feedback
According to the 5th edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and
Processing of Human Semen, the analysis should begin at 30 minutes (if liquifaction
is complete), but no longer than one hour after ejaculation. Occasionally a specimen
does not liquify. If this occurs, mechanical mixing or enzyme treatment may be
necessary in order for the sperm count, motility analysis and other microscopic
aspects of semen analysis to be performed.
Match the following terms with the statement that best describes each:
Meninges Membrane covering the brain under the skull

Transudate Fluid accumulation due to a malfunction of ability to form and reabsorb
fluid
Pleurisy Inflammation of the pleural membranes
Effusion Excess accumulation of fluid within any of the body's serous cavities
Feedback
Meninges- Membrane covering the brain under the skull
Transudate- Fluid accumulation due to a malfunction of ability to form and reabsorb

fluid
Pleurisy- Inflammation of the pleural membranes

Effusion- Excess accumulation of fluid within any of the body's serous cavities
In a normal CSF the protein concentration as compared to that in the serum is

generally:
Less than 50%

Less than 30%
Less than 10%
Less than 1%
Feedback
Normal ratio of serum to CSF Protein is about 200 to 1, or less than 1%. Elevation of
CSF total protein is a nonspecific finding, but usually indicates some type of disease
involving the brain or meninges.
For BEST results, a semen sample should remain at which of the following
temperatures following collection?
4 C
Room temperature
37 C
56 C
-40 C
Feedback
Preferably, a semen sample should remain at 37 degrees C following collection,

which helps to maintain sperm integrity.
A sperm concentration of 25 x 106 spermatozoa/ mL would be considered an

abnormally low concentration, according to the lower normal reference limit stated in
WHO 5th edition.
True
False
Feedback
This statement is false. According to WHO 5th edition, the lower reference limit for
sperm concentration is 15 x 106 spermatozoa per ml.
On a Cytospin preparation from a pleural fluid, 50% of the cells have the following
characteristics:
- uniform, regular arrangement

- some cells resemble a "fried egg"
- multiple nuclei
- smooth nuclear outline and homogeneous chromatin
- when present in clumps, there are clear spaces between the cells ("windows")
How should these cells be classified?
atypical cancer cells

mesothelial cells
tumor cells
ependymal cells
Feedback
Mesothelial cells have a few key morphological features that aid in identification;
notablly the "fried egg" appearance.
Charcot-Leyden crystals in stool may be associated with an immune response and are
thought to be the breakdown products of:
neutrophils
eosinophils
monocytes
lymphocytes
basophils
Feedback
Charcot-Leyden crystals in stool are thought to be created from damaged eosinophil

byproducts. These crystals have a strong association, although they are rare, with
parasitic infections or allergic reactions.
======
An India Ink preparation is used to identify:
Crystals in synovial fluid

Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF
Bacteria in CSF
WBCs in synovial fluid
Feedback
India ink preparation performed on spinal fluid is used to demonstrate the

polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans by negative staining. Direct
detection of capsular antigen by agglutination or immunoassay techniques is much
more sensitive, and has largely replaced the India Ink stain for clinical specimens.

True or false? Cystine crystals are present on this slide.
True
False
Feedback
These are tyrosine crystals
How does ion concentration in the urine relate to specific gravity?
Specific gravity increases as ionic concentration increases.

Specific gravity decreases as ionic concentration increases.
There is no relationship between SG and ionic concentration.
Feedback
Urine specific gravity increases as ionic concentration increases. If there were no

solutes present, the specific gravity of urine would be 1.000, which is the same as
pure water. Since all urine has some solutes present, a urine SG of 1.000 is not really
possible. The upper limit of the test pad on a chemical reagent strip, which is typically
1.035, indicates a concentrated urine, one with many solutes with a smaller amount of
water.
A 62-year-old man drank an unknown liquid in a suicide attempt, and his urine
contained crystals similar in shape to those shown in this image. This man MOST
likely ingested:
Methanol
Isopropanol
Ethylene glycol
Ethanol
Rubbing alcohol
Feedback
The crystals that are seen in the urine are monohydrate calcium oxalate crystals.
Oxalic acid, a byproduct of ethylene glycol metabolism, combines with calcium in the
body to form monohydrate calcium oxalate crystals, as shown in the accompanying
image.

Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding the reagent strip test
procedure? (Choose ALL correct answers)
Urine should be centrifuged prior to dipping the reagent strip.

Urine should be well mixed prior to dipping the reagent strip.
When visually reading the reagent strip, all results can be read immediately after
dipping the strip in the urine specimen.
Prolonged immersion may wash out test reagents.
Feedback
True Statements:
Urine should be well mixed prior to dipping the reagent strip. Prolonged immersion
may wash out test reagents.
False Statements:
Urine should be centrifuged prior to dipping the reagent strip. When visually reading
the reagent strip, all results can be read immediately after dipping the strip in the urine
specimen.
If you notice something in your laboratory that is a potentially hazardous situation,

but is out of your control to fix, what should you do?
Tell your supervisor or laboratory administrator.

Complain to your co-workers that there are hazardous conditions in the
laboratory.
Call your laboratory's accrediting agency and report the situation.
Feedback
If you notice a potentially hazardous situation in the laboratory that is out of your
control to fix, notify your supervisor or laboratory administration. It is important to
have the situation addressed and corrected if necessary. Warning other employees to
be careful may prevent injuries temporarily, but will not fix the hazardous situation.
If administration does not respond to your concerns, you may need to contact the
laboratory's accrediting agency, but this should not be your first step in addressing the
potentially hazardous situation.
Which of the following statements are true for the reagent strip procedure? (Choose
ALL correct answers)
Prolonged immersion may wash out reagents.

Blot the reagent strip with a paper towel before placing on the tray of the
dipstick reader.
Some tests require specified reading times.
The expiration date on the reagent strip container does not matter, as long as the
controls are acceptable.
Feedback
Prolonged immersion of the strip in the specimen may wash out reagents and affect
test results. Some tests on the reagent strip require specified reading times. If you are
visually reading the results, it is important to adhere to the timing recommended by
the reagent strip manufacturer.
The edge of the strip should be run along the lip of the specimen container or touched
to absorbent toweling, but should not be blotted with a paper towel.
Expiration dates indicate the ensured reactivity of the reagent strips. Even though
controls may be accurate, it does not guarantee that patient results will be accurate if
the reagents are beyond the assigned expiration date.

Identify the urine sediment element shown by the arrow:
Budding yeast
Cylindroids
Trichomonas
Spermatozoa
Feedback
It is not uncommon to see spermatozoa in the urine of men.

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You answered the question correctly.

Bence-Jones proteinuria is associated with all of the following conditions except:

The correct answer is highlighted below

Macroglobulinemia, Multiple Myeloma, and Amyloidosis are all associated with

Question Difficulty: Level 6

You answered the question correctly.

The correct answer is highlighted below

Question Difficulty: Level 5

You answered the question correctly.

The correct answer is highlighted below

Question Difficulty: Level 3

You answered the question correctly.

Diabetes mellitus ketones

ketones- Diabetes mellitus

blood- Renal calculi

nitrites- Urinary tract infection

You answered the question correctly.

What type of cast is shown in the illustration?

The correct answer is highlighted below

Question Difficulty: Level 4

You answered the question correctly.

Which of the following casts is characteristically associated with acute

The correct answer is highlighted below

Question Difficulty: Level 5

You answered the question correctly.

The correct answer is highlighted below

WBCs and bacteria

Question Difficulty: Level 3

Identify the urine sediment elements present in this acidic urine:

The correct answer is highlighted below

These urate salts frequently appear in acid or neutral urine in a noncrystalline

Question Difficulty: Level 3

You answered the question incorrectly.

The correct answer is highlighted below

Question Difficulty: Level 6

You answered the question correctly.

The correct answer is highlighted below

Question Difficulty: Level 5

You answered the question correctly.

Identify the urine sediment elements shown by the arrow:

The correct answer is highlighted below

Question Difficulty: Level 4

You answered the question correctly.

The correct answer is highlighted below

Bilirubin is conjugated with glucuronic acid in the liver to become conjugated

Question Difficulty: Level 4

You answered the question correctly.

The correct answer is highlighted below

Precipitates between 40 and 60C but redissolves at 100C

Bence-Jones proteins Precipitates between 40 and 60C but redissolves at 100C.

Question Difficulty: Level 6

You answered the question correctly.

Red to Brown Urine: porphobilinogen, hematuria, myoglobinuria, etc.

Yellow: bilirubin, bile pigments

White: phosphates, other crytals

Question Difficulty: Level 5

You answered the question incorrectly.

The correct answer is highlighted below

Question Difficulty: Level 5

You answered the question correctly.

The correct answers are highlighted below

Store reagent strips at the temperature recommended by the manufacturer.

Question Difficulty: Level 4