Fluid

& Solid Subs,tu,on

for Conduc,vity and
Dielectric Constant

Gary Mavko & Priyanka Du0a

Paper A-15
Mee,ng 2017
 Fluid/Solid Subs,tu,on
Classic Scenario: Rock with some ini,al pore ll. We
have measured (e.g., from well logs):
Ini,al modulus, conduc,vity, dielectric
Porosity
Mineralogy
We want to predict the proper,es when one or both
phases are replaced. (e.g., change in uid or
mineralogy)



Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 2
Nonuniqueness

Predic,ng the new proper,es aNer subs,tu,on is

(almost) never unique, without knowledge of the pore
space geometry.

But we can predict bounds on the subs,tuted moduli.

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 3

 Embedded Bound Method
Elas,c, electric, dielectric, magne,c, thermal proper,es have Hashin-
Shtrikman bounds. If datum falls on the bound, then subs,tu,on is
unique. If datum falls between the bounds we use embedding.

Elas,c modulus
Conduc,vity
Dielectric

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 4

 Embedded Bounds: Exact Subs,tu,on
As composi,on changes, bounds and embedded bounds shiN.

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 5

Examples

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 6

 Increase of the uid conduc,vity
For each composi,on, range of possible conduc,vites is give by
Hashin-Shtrikman bounds. Embedded bounds show pairs of possible
conduc,vi,es with two composi,ons, same porosity & structure

Upper

= 0.05 Lower

Cmin = .0001
Cbrine1 = 1
Cbrine2 = 5
Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 7
 Interpret using self-consistent approxima,on (SCA)
SCA model represents one choice of microstructures. Curves show
possible range from embedded bounds. Dots show SCA predic,ons

Thin cracks,
max connec,vity,
max conduc,vity

Sphere pores,
min connec,vity,
min conduc,vity

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 8

Interpret using dieren,al approxima,on (DEM)
DEM model represents one choice of microstructures. Curves show
possible range from embedded bounds. Dots show DEM predic,ons

Solid inclusions

Fluid inclusions

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 9

Comparison with lab data

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 10

Waxman-Smits data for sandstones
Lab data by Waxman&Smits. Eec,ve conduc,vity with four
dierent brine conduc,vi,es. Mineral composi,on causes
devia,ons from Archies law

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 11

Embedded bound predic,on, change of brine
Embedded bound predic,ons using inverted mineral conduc,vi,es
given by Bussian. Data fall close to the lower bound when es,mates
of mineral conduc,vity are used.

Measured Cbrine=228
bound
Measured Cbrine=82
bound

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 12

Embedded bound predic,on, change of brine
Embedded bound predic,ons using inverted mineral conduc,vi,es
given by Bussian.

Measured Cbrine=228

bound
Measured Cbrine=37
bound

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 13

Embedded bound predic,on, change of brine
Embedded bound predic,ons using inverted mineral conduc,vi,es
given by Bussian

Measured Cbrine=228

bound
Measured Cbrine=82
bound

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 14

Embedded bound predic,on, change of brine
Embedded bound predic,ons using inverted mineral conduc,vi,es
given by Bussian

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 15

Embedded bound predic,on, change of brine
Embedded bound predic,ons using constant mineralogy.

Measured Cbrine=228
bound
Measured Cbrine=82
bound

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 16

Embedded bound predic,on, change of brine
Embedded bound predic,ons using constant mineralogy.

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 17

Embedded bound predic,on, change of brine
Embedded bound predic,ons using constant mineralogy.

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 18

Embedded bound predic,on, change of brine
Embedded bound predic,ons using constant mineralogy.

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 19

Embedded bound predic,on, change of brine
Embedded bound predic,ons using constant mineralogy.
Measured conduc,vi,es are colored by the Qe1 (CEC) from
Waxman & Smits. Posi,on between bounds is an approximate
measure of mineral-enhanced conduc,vity.

Measure of CEC

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 20

Conclusions
Embedded bounds give rigorous limits on changes of
eec,ve conduc,vity, dielectric constant when mineral
or uid is subs,tuted.
Realizable models like SCA and DEM lie within these
bounds, and provide possible interpreta,ons.
Bounds can be used to validate models
Bounds can help to iden,fy rock and uid proper,es.

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 21

 Embedded bounds equa,ons for conduc,vity
or dielectric constant
The embedded bounds method that Mavko and Saxena
discovered for elas,c solid/liquid subs,tu,on can be used for
electrical solid/liquid subs,tu,on.
HYP1 = HYP ( HS
(1)
, HS
(2)
),( HS+
(1)
, HS+
(2)
),( min
(1)
, min
(2)
)
HYP2 = HYP ( HS
(1)
, HS
(2)
),( HS+
(1)
, HS+
(2)
),( (2)
fluid , fluid )
(2)

(x x )
2

x = 1 x1 + 2 x2 1 2 1 2
2 x1 + 1 x2 x3
(y y )
2

y = 1 y1 + 2 y2 1 2 1 2
2 y1 + 1 y2 y3

Mavko and Du0a, A-15 - 22