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#1
Sunday, June 19, 2011
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Repeated Questions of International Law

INTERNATIONAL LAW
Explain in detail the object, purpose and basis of international law. 2001

Define International Law. Do you agree with John Austins concept

International Law is not a true law, but a positive international morality? Elaborate
your answer with appropriate arguments.2005

What are the sources of International Law? Discuss any two of them in detail.2005

International Law is a Law regulating the rights and duties of states and creating no
rights and imposing no duties on individuals. Do u agree with this statement? Why
or why not? Argue.2006

John Austin says International Law is not a real Law, but a

positive International Morality. Do you agree with him? Give arguments in support
of your answer.2008

Give such a definition of International Law which could cover all the modern trends
in it? 2010

"International Law is primarily concerned with the rights, duties and interests of
states." Examine this statement with reference to the place of individuals and non-
state entities is International Law. 2011

International law is a product of centuries - eleaborate the statement in view of the

scientific development and codification of the law.2013

As a law based on common consent of states, international law should have more
binding authority and less moral considerations . Discuss. Re-Exam 2013

"When all has been said it will be found that consent remains firmly the basis
of international law, and there are as many, and only as many, sources
of international law as there are ways whereby the consent of states can be
expressed"? Discuss2014

SUBJECT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

What does Subjects of international law mean? Discuss individuals as subjects
of International Law. Elaborate your answer with the appropriate examples.2005

Briefly and precisely define SUBJECTS International Law. Do you agree that
INDIVIDUALS can be considered as subjects of International Law? Give appropriate
examples in this regard.2008

What is meant by 'Subjects of International Law'? Justify Individuals as the subject

of International Law by giving appropriate examples. 2010
 States continue to be the principal subjects of international legal relations but non-
state entities too exert a great deal of influence on the legal system. Examine the
statement with reference to rights and duties of internationalorganizations under
law.2013

NATIONALITY
Short Notes: Nationality 2000

Define nationality. What are neutral and neutralized states? 2001

Explain the various modes of acquiring and losing nationality. What is double
Nationality and Statelessness? 2002

Short Notes: Double nationality 2003, 2012

Explain the various modes of acquiring and losing NATIONALITY. What is DOUBLE
NATIONALITY and STATELESSNESS? 2007

RECOGNITION OF STATES
What do you understand by 'Recognition of States' and 'Recognition of
Governments? Explain fully the distinction between Recognition Dejure and
Recognition Defacto. 2000

Short Notes: De facto recognition 2003

Describe the legal nature of recognition of states, with particular reference to

difference between defacto and Dejure recognition. 2003

What is the duty of other states in case of internal revolt in an independent state?
Can they help the rebels? Under what circumstances recognition may be accorded to
the rebels? 2006

"What is meant by RECOGNITION of STATES as a mamber of FAMILY of NATIONS?

State the different modes of such recognition. 2007

Discuss Recognition. Differentiate between de-jure and de-facto recognition. What

are the disabilities of an unrecognized state? 2008

Define Recognition. Differentiate between Defacto and Dejure Recognition. 2010

"The Subject of Recognition is one of the most difficult branches of international law,
not merely from the points of view of exposition of principles, but also intrinsically by
reason of many difficulties which arise in practice." Discuss 2011

Non-recognition of a government can be amounted to denying the recognition of

the state itself as it is the governments that do international business on behalf of
 the states. Argue in affirmative this statement with particular reference to
Constitutive Theory of Recognition. 2012

Define Recognition and explain its kinds. Also point out the difference between
recognition of states and governments.2013

INTERNATIONAL RIVERS
Write a comprehensive note on international rivers and international canal. 2001

Describe international rivers. State the principles of law, regulating the use of water
and navigation in internationalrivers. 2003

HIGH SEAS
Short Notes: High Seas 2000

Discuss the extent to which a state can claim jurisdiction over the high seas in war
and peace. Is an appropriation by a state of the underwater soil allowed
in International Law?2006

Define High Seas. Explain the concept of Freedom of High Seas along-with
restrictions over it.2008

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

Write a detailed note on the International-court of Justice with particular reference
to its powers to exercise jurisdiction over disputant states. 2000

The jurisdiction of international court of justice depends on the consent of the

parties concerned. Discuss. 2001

How far has the United Nation succeeded in developing a comprehensive system of
Human Rights protection? Can emphasis on social justice and Human rights lead to a
stable International Order? 2009

Explain the structure and powers of the International Court of Justice and assess the
importance of the principles laid down in judicial decisions of leading cases as
precedents for states.2013

UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION

Critically examine the powers and the voting procedure of the U.N. Security
 Council . 2000

How far has the United Nation succeeded in developing a comprehensive system of
Human Rights protection? Can emphasis on social justice and Human rights lead to a
stable International Order?2009

keeping in view the objectives of the charter seeking to establish a mechanism of

peace and security how far has United Nations succeeded in confronting changes in
Global society? 2009

"The Practice of United Nations Organization Show that while the principle of Self-
Determination is agreed upon, neither the scope of its application nor the method of
decolonization has been settled." Discuss 2011

"All the major issues on voting in the Secretary Council are now satisfactorily
resolved. The real problem today is about the composition of the Security Council."
Discuss 2011, 2014

Elucidate and justify: "The United Nations inspite of its imperfections, is the only
organizations that can save humanity from disaster and complete
annihilation." 2011

Does the customary international law grant the right to use force to a state in
response to a terrorist attack on it? Substantiate your answer by arguing from
Article 51 and Paragraph 4 of the Article 2 of the UN Charter and other recent
examples in this regard. 2012

Keeping in view the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). What can be a

reform agenda in your opinion for making the UN more effective ?2013

Keeping in view the powers of the security council what suggestions can you give for
improving its structure as a dominant body within UN.Re-Exam 2013

NEUTRALIZATION
Short Notes: Neutrality 2003

Differentiate between Neutralized and Neutral States. Discuss the rights and duties
of a neutral state.2005

Discuss the concept of Neutralization. How is it done? Explain the Rights, Duties and
Guarantees given to a Neutralized state.2010

Define the term NEUTRALITY and explain the rights and duties of a neutral state.Re-
Exam 2013
 INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES
Discuss Kashmir dispute in the light of

1. Right of self determination 2001

2. UN Security Council resolution 2001

3. Non interference in internal affairs 2001

4. legal status of election in Kashmir 2001

5. Simla agreement 2001

What are amicable means of settlement of international disputes? 2002

Describe various methods of peaceful and amicable settlement

of international disputes. 2004

Discuss amicable means for the settlement

of international disputes.2005,2008,2010

DIPLOMACY
State the various kinds and classes of diplomatic agents and mention their privileges
and immunities.2003

A Pakistani citizen working in the embassy of a foreign country in Islamabad, has

committed an offence against another Pakistani citizen. The Pakistani police want to
arrest such person. However, the ambassador is refusing to handover the accused to
the police with the plea that the accused has a diplomatic immunity. Do you agree
with the pleas of the ambassador? Why or why not?2006

Describe Importance of diplomacy in interstate relations and discuss the concept of

diplomacy and immunity?2009

Define Diplomatic Envoy. Give a short account of the functions, privileges and
immunities of the diplomatic envoys accredited to other states. 2011

"The office of the Secretary General of the United Nations is certainly the most
important and visible post in intentional multilateral diplomacy but it has been called
the most impossible job in the world because the faces complex and contradictory
pressures in the performance of his duties" Discuss 2014

IMMUNITY
State immunity has become a mere fiction which the law can do with out. The
principle is gradually withering away, a process already under way and constantly
 gaining momentum. Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.2002

Describe Importance of diplomacy in interstate relations and discuss the concept of

diplomacy and immunity?2009

COURTS AND CASES

Short Notes: Corfu Channel Case, U.K.V. Albania(1948), I.C.J. Rep. 1949. 2000

Short Notes: Chorzow Factory case, Germany V. Poland (1928) , P.C.I.J. Rep. Ser.
A, No.17 2000

Explain the rules which govern the application of International Law by Municipal
Courts. Give your answer in the light of the court practice with special reference to
the British and American Courts. 2000

Short Notes: Prize courts 2002, 2012

Enamurate the principles of International Law involved in the decision of Corfu

Channel Case. Assess the impact that decision on the growth and development
of International Law.2004

Short Notes: Scotia Case 2005

Describe the functions of a Prize Court. What law does it administer?2006

TREATY
Define a Treaty. State how are they concluded and terminated? Explain it in the
light of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969. 2000

Coercion against a state renders a treaty invalid. Discuss main features of the
principle. Also elaborate two other methods of rendering invalid the consent of a
state to be bound by a treaty.2002

State and discuss in brief the various steps mentioned by starke in the creation of
legal obligation by a treaty. 2003

How far do you think that International Law is based on common consent of States?
Evaluate importance of customary law and treaty law as binding in this regard 2009

What are the various kinds of treaties in international law? Explain the laws about
formation, interpretation and termination of treaties. 2012

What is STATE SUCCESSION ? What is the scope of treaty continuity or treaty

obligations in case of extinction of a state?Re-Exam 2013
 EXTRADITION
Short Notes: Extradition 2003, 2012

Discuss the concept of extradition. Explain main principles of extradition. Discuss

also the crimes exempted from extradition.2005

Give precise definition of Extradition. Write a comprehensive essay on extradition by

covering all its aspects.2008

STATE JURISDICTION
Discuss the term State jurisdiction with reference to

1. Maritime belt

2. Port

3. Foreigners

4. Floating island 2003

Define State jurisdiction and explain how domestic jurisdiction can be limited by and
reduced by principles of International Law?2009

INTERVENTIONS
Short Notes: Intervention 2000

The frequent Interventions have challenged the validity of some of fundamental

principles of International Law. What are those principles? Discuss in the light of
interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq by the super-powers.2004

Whatever the morality of intervention, states have no right under International Law
to intervene on the territory of other states in order to prevent alleged crimes
against humanity or to uphold human rights norms. Discuss. 2006

Explain with reference to the relevant articles of the UN Charter that whether the
world body is authorized to intervene in the domestic jurisdiction of its member
states. 2012

VETO
What is veto? How, when and by whom is used? 2003

What is Veto? How, when and by whom it is used? What consequences Pakistan had
 to face in the past because of its use by a former superpower? 2012

SOVEREIGN STATE
Fully explain the duties of a Sovereign State with special reference to:2004

1. Not to interfere in the domestic affairs of another state

2. To refrain from use of threat of use force against another state

Discuss various modes of Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty by the states

acknowledged in International Law.2010

Lord Curzon once said, Frontiers are indeed the razors edge on which hang
suspended the modern issues of war or peace, of life or death to nations. Explain in
this light the various modes of acquisition of territory by a state. 2012

HIJACKING
Short Notes: High jacking 2000

Explain how the problem of Hijacking has been dealt with under
the International Law?2004

TERRORISM
TERRORISM has become an international phenomenon - how far are you satisfied
with international legal controls of such criminal conduct.Re-Exam 2013

BLOCKADE
Short Notes: Blockade 2000

Define Blockade. What are the essentials of real and binding Blockade? What does it
terminate? Refer to leading cases 2004

PRISONERS OF WAR
How are Prisoners of war to be treated under International Law? Explain with
reference to various conventions. 2004
 Short Notes: Rights of Prisoners of War 2005

LAW OF SEA
Write short notes on any three of the following in the light of convention on the law
of sea 1982 and our maritime zone act of 1976. You must discuss the nature of
jurisdiction, right and duties.

1. Internal Waters

2. Continental Shelf

3. Territorial Waters

4. Land-locked State

5. EEZ 2001

Short Notes: Territorial waters 2002

Short Notes: Continental Shelf 2005, 2012

Why is the third UN convention on the law of sea (UNCLOS-III) considered a vast
diplomatic and legal undertaking and what has made it different to the earlier efforts
on the subject ?2013

MISCELLANEOUS
Enumerates with short explanation the main principles discussed in any two of the
following cases.

1. Lotus case 2001

2. Clarence Thomas and Anita hill case 2001

3. American diplomat case 2001

What do you understand by international institutions? Discuss their status and

functions as subject of internationallaw. 2002

Discuss the liability of the following: 2006

1. The ambassador of the Republic of Brondasia in Islamabad murders a Pakistani out

of sudden provocation.

2. The wife of the Brondasian ambassador bought cosmetics worth Rs.1000,000 from a
local departmental store, refused to pay and went away to her embassy.

3. A Pakistani friend of the Brondasian ambassador has murdered a Brondasian

 employee of the embassy.

What is the duty of other states in case of internal revolt in an independent state?
Can they help the rebels? Under what circumstances recognition may be accorded to
the rebels?2006

Differentiate between Territorial and Extra-Territorial Asylum. Under which

circumstances an Embassy or Consulate can offer asylum to a fugitive/offender of
the territorial State?2008

Define International personality and discuss various entities as International Legal

person.2009

Territory is undoubtedly the basic character of a state as well as widely accepted

elaborate with reference to exclusive rights of states on Land and Air territory.2009

Give an account of the efforts of international community to protect the civilian

population from the effects of war.2010

"As the basis of the Law of Nations is the common consent of the member states of
the Family of Nations, it is evident there must exist as many sources
of international law as there are facts through which such common consent can
possibly come into existence." (Oppenheim). Discuss 2011

While customs form the major part of Internatiomal law it is conventions that make
it more authentic and applicable. Discuss. 2013

Territory is essential part of a state - examine the statement in view of modes of

acquisition and loss of state territory.Re-Exam 2013

Considering the practice of leading states how far is it true to say

that international Law and municipal law are two distinct but coordinate legal
systems.Re-Exam 2013

"The case law of the international court of justice and the practice of United Nations
show that while the principle of self-determination is agreed upon, neither the scope
of its application nor the method of decolonisation has been settled" Discuss 2014

"What ever be the generally accepted rules governing the outer limit of the territorial
limit of the territorial sea this issue, and others like it, will be settled in many cases
on the basis of the principles of acquiescence and opposability". Discuss 2014

The assumption that the "genuine link" formula, invented for dealing with people, is
capable of immediate application to ships..........smacks of a disappointing
naivete 2014
 SHORT NOTES
Short Notes: Human Rights 2000
Short Notes: Exclusive Economic Zone 2000

Short Notes: Calvo Clause 2000

Short Notes: Kellogg Briand Pact 1928 2002

Short Notes: The Geneva Convention 1929 2002

Short Notes: Pacta Sunt Servanda 2002

Short Notes: Protectorate 2002, 2012

Short Notes: State servitude 2002

Short Notes: Monroes doctrine 2002

Short Notes: Equality of states 2002

Short Notes: Doctrine of Postliminium 2002

Short Notes: Continuous voyage 2002

Short Notes: International boundaries 2003

Short Notes: Universal Declaration of Human Rights 2012

__________________
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