Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Institute of Environmental Protection and Development, Wrocaw University of Environmental and Life
1
Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24, 50-363 Wrocaw, Poland, e-mail: beata.olszewska@up.wroc.pl; edyta.nowicka@
up.wroc.pl
Keywords: valley of the Oder river, soil moisture, methods of soil moisture measure-
ment.
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Journal of Ecological Engineering vol. 16(4), 2015
parable, the differences in the values obtained not paper data from moisture measurements of soils
exceeding several percentage points. The increas- sampled by means of a soil drill, in three repli-
ingly popular use of the TDR method induced re- cations, from the layers of 0-10 cm, 20-30 cm,
searchers to undertake studies on the credibility 40-50 cm, 65-75 cm were selected. After drilling
of the method in various specific soil conditions to the required depth, measurements were taken
[Kossowski and Usowicz 2000, Oleszczuk et al. with a probe, in two replications, by placing it
1998]. The aim of a study by Pczkowski et al. in the soil layer analysed. The location of the re-
[2007] was to compare the results of moisture search object is presented in Figure 1.
measurements conducted with the TDR method The measurements of soil moisture were made
and the gravimetric method on soils of mountain for two soil profiles. Profile A is located in the
regions with a high content of skeleton particles. area adjacent to the barrage, where the groundwa-
In all of the analysed cases a high consistency of ter table is situated at an average level of about 1
the results obtained was observed. m below the ground level. The profile designated
as B is situated in the valley below the barrage
at Brzeg Dolny, where the average depth of the
MATERIAL AND METHOD groundwater table is about 3.5 m below ground
level. The soil pits are separated from each other
The construction of the final barrage on the by a distance of ca. 5 km, and during the period of
Oder river, at the locality of Brzeg Dolny, caused the study they were used as arable soils.
the division of the valley into two zones with dif- Geological studies revealed that the area un-
ferent effects of water levels in the river on the der analysis is covered with quaternary and ter-
water relations in the adjacent areas. The part of tiary formations. The surface layer of the valley
the valley situated above the barrage is addition- is made up of formations with low permeability
ally supplied with water infiltrating from the res- and depth of, locally, up to 2.0 m, overlying for-
ervoir. In this area river Odra assumes an infiltra- mations with good permeability and thickness
tion character. Below the damming structure the of up to several dozen meters. Such a geologi-
situation is different, as lands situated there are cal structure creates good conditions for water
under a draining effect of the river [Olszewska filtration from the Oder river to the valley and the
1998, Pywaczyk 1997]. other way round. Approximately 85% of the area
The measurements were taken at monthly in- of the valley is occupied by alluvial soils formed
tervals from April till October in the years 2010 primarily from medium and heavy loams, the re-
2014, with parallel use of the gravimetric method maining 15% being accounted for by podzolic,
and the TDR method. For the purposes of this brown and organogenic soils [Pywaczyk 1997].
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Journal of Ecological Engineering vol. 16(4), 2015
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Journal of Ecological Engineering vol. 16(4), 2015
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Journal of Ecological Engineering vol. 16(4), 2015
strong. The coefficient of correlation for data 6. Kossowski J., Usowicz B. 2000. Charakterysty-
from profile B has the value of 0.9, indicating ka pola wilgotnoci gleby przy rnej liczbie
correlation of the relationship between strong prbkowa. Acta Agrophysica, 38, 127137.
and very strong. 7. Marcilonek S., 1979. Eksploatacja urzdze melio-
racyjnych. PWRiL, Warszawa.
8. Malicki M.A. 1993. Wpyw fizycznych waciwoci
CONCLUSIONS gleby na elektryczne parametry ukadu elektrody/
gleba w aspekcie pomiaru jej wilgotnoci i zaso-
1. Volumetric moisture values obtained with the lenia. Acta Agrophysica, rozprawa habilitacyjna,
gravimetric method are higher than those ob- Instytut Agrofizyki PAN w Lublinie, Lublin.
tained by means of TDR probes. 9. omnicki A. 2007. Wprowadzenie do statystyki
dla przyrodnikw. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN,
2. A higher level of correlation was obtained for Warszawa
profile B, situated in the valley below the bar-
10. Skierucha W., Wilczek A., 2007. Polowy system
rage in Brzeg Dolny, where lower values of monitorowania wilgotnoci gleby. PAK, 53, 9bis,
volumetric moisture are observed compared to Lublin.
the values for profile A.
11. yczko W., Olszewska B., Pywaczyk L. 2000.
3. The analysis and comparison of the measure- Porwnanie metody TDR oraz metody suszar-
ment results obtained indicate that the values kowo-wagowej do okrelania uwilgotnienia
of volumetric moisture acquired with the two rnych typw gleb w dolinie Odry. Zeszyty Nau-
methods under analysis are comparable. kowe Akademii Rolniczej we Wrocawiu, 385.
12. Pczkowski G., yromski A., Kostrzewa S., Zas-
tosowanie metody TDR (Time Domain Reflek-
REFERENCES tometry) do pomiaru uwilgotnienia glin z du
zawartoci szkieletu. Inynieria Ekologiczna,
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