General Sociology with Family planning November 23 2016

Sociology Latin socius; that may variously mean society, association, togetherness or
companionship.

Greek. Logos; literally means to speak about the word. However, the term is generally
understood as study or science.
Auguste Connte a sociologist who call it sociology.

A study of Life and Culture of a place as the way of peoples living.

It affects and associated with family.

Karl Marx a sociologist who founded communism. Has an idea of equal distribution of a community.

Harriet Martineau a woman who abolish slavery and a sociologist. Inspired by the works of Auguste
Connte by translating the works of connte into english.

Herbert Spencer evolution of human society from the lowest or babarism to the highest forms
according to formal like social Darwinism. Plant and animal development like a society evolves.

Emile Durkheim a French sociologist develops some fundamentals and methods of sociology. There
are social facts and to explain them other social facts and gather data comparing to other data. Has a
first sociologist to apply statistical methods.

Max Webber a German sociologist. according to him a scientific study of human social action.

Any influence a social action to a person. It is not necessary for a one person to act socially.
Midterm

Micro-sociology- is interested in small-scale level of the structure and functioning of human social
groups

Macro-sociology- Studies the large scale aspects of society.

-focuses on the broad features of society.

Meso-sociology- analysis of social phenomena in between the micro and macro levels.

The field of social organization and theory of social order.

Relation to individuals and each other.
Focuses on each other institutions.
Functions of a society

2.)Social control

Cultural diffusion

3.) Social change

Change of the society and its culture.

4.) Social processes

A process which occurs in our society.

5.) Social groups

Enable to communicate each other by sharing ideas.

6.) Social problems

Crime
Narcotics addiction
Urban poverty
Prostitution
Judicial problems
Alcoholic problems

Three Major theoretical perspective in sociology

1.) Structural functionalism ( stability of the society)

How the relationship of the society how they are created .

 Having negative consequences.
Consensus of the group.
Share the ideas of the society. To preserve solidarity and stability
It states that our social lives are guided with social structure.
Order structure and equilibrium
Stresses the role played the component of the social system.

2.) Social conflict theory

Its also called Marxism, this theory seize the conflict of the society. Also to prevent the social
conflict between high class and low class.

Everything is equal from the highest to lowest. It came under criticism of its explicit political
goals neglecting levels of social class. Neglecting the fact how values are shared and
interdependence.
Explicit critical goals. Only the equality of sharing.
It is based on a principle that people always maximize the benefit to receive a daily living.
However receiving a benefit must exchange their own benefits.

Public choice theory to breach the differences between the conflict of two classes.

Rational choice theory-

Structuralism- observable is meaningful. That order the ways in which we behave in the world is found
on the human thought. Unorganized society. The theory is based on the culture.

3.) Symbolic interactionism

How person acts dealing a social life or vice versa.
Feminism- a group of women which stands for their rights to rule the society. Focuses in
particular disadvantages including oppression, exploitation, and conflict.
Radical feminism change the society and their roles.
Liberal- their principles being democratic.

Introduction to sociology by Zerihun Doda, M.A. Debub University