TM Pre Nurture & Career Foundation Division

For Class 6th to 10th, NTSE & Olympiads

Path to success KOTA (RAJASTHAN )

SOLUTION
REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD-2017

1. Let AOB be a given angle less than 180 and let P be an interior point of the angular region determined by AOB .
Show, with proof, how to construct, using only ruler and compasses, a line segment CD passing through P such that
C lies on the ray OA and D lies on the ray OB, and CP : PD = 1 : 2.
A

C X
Sol.
P
O B
D
Just extend OP to X, such that OP : PX = 2 : 1. Draw a line through X parallel to OB which meets OA at C. Extend
CP to meet OB at D. CD is the required line.
Q DOPD ~DXPC

N
PX PC 1
= =
PO PD 2
\ PC : PD = 1 : 2

E
2. Show that the equation
a 3 + (a +1)3 + (a + 2)3 + (a + 3) 3 + (a + 4) 3 + (a +5)3 + (a + 6)3 = b4 + (b +1)4 has no solutions in integers a, b.

L
Sol. Since 7 consecutive numbers appear on left side, its a good idea to try modulo 7.
13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + 53 + 63+ 73 1+ 1 + (1) + 1 + (1) + (1) 0 (mod 7)
So LHS is always divisible by 7.

L
2
7 ( 7 + 1)
7
Or, a + (a + 1) + ..... (a + 6) r ( mod 7) =
3
3 3 3
( mod 7 ) = (28)2 (mod 7) = 0 (mod 7)
r =1 2
Now RHS, b4 + (b + 1)4

A
for any integral b,
b4 + (b + 1)4 0 (mod 7)
Hence, no solution.

1
3. Let P(x) = x 2 + x + b and Q(x) = x2 + cx + d be two polynomials with real coefficients such that
2
P(x)Q(x) = Q(P(x)) for all real x. Find all the real roots of P(Q(x)) =0

2 1
Sol. P(x) = x + x+b
2
Q(x) = x2 + cx + d
1 c d
\ P(x).Q(x) =x4 + c + x x3 + b + d + x2 + bc + 2 x + bd
2 2
2
2 1 2 1
& Q(P(x)) = x + x + b + c x + x + b + d
2 2
1 c
= x4 + x3 + + 2b + c x2 + 2
b + 2 x + b + bc + d
4
1
 TM Pre Nurture & Career Foundation Division
For Class 6th to 10th, NTSE & Olympiads
Path to success KOTA (RAJASTHAN )

SOLUTION
REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD-2017

From question, P(x).Q(x) = Q (P(x))

So comparing like coefficients we get.

1 1
c+ =1 c = ...(1)
2 2

c 1 1
& b +d + = + 2b + c d = b + 2d = 2b + 1 ...(2)
2 4 2

1 2 b 1
also bd = b2 + bc +d b b + = b + + b + (using (1) & (2))
2 2 2

2 b b 1 1
b + = b2 + + b + b = - ...(3)
2 2 2 2

N
From (2) d = 0 ...(4)

1 2

E
\ P(Q(x) = (x2 + cx + d)2 + (x + cx +d) + b
2

x 2 cx d
= x4 + c2x2 + d2 + 2cx3 + 2cdx + 2x2d + + + +b

L
2 2 2

2 1 c d
= x4 + 2cx3 + c + 2d + x2 + 2cd + 2 x + d2 + +b

L
2 2

3 2 1 1
P(Q(x)) = x4 + x3 + x + x + -
4 4 2

A
\ 4x4 + 4x3 + 3x2 + x 2 = 0
Now, by rational root theorem, x = 1 is a root.
Now applying Horners method of synthetic division, we get

4 4 3 1 2
1 4 0 3 2
4 0 3 2 0

\ 4x + 4x + 3x + x 2 = (x+1) (4x3 + 3x 2)
4 3 2

Again applying rational root theorem for 4x 3 + 3x 2

Here other two roots are imaginary.
1
x= satisfies.
2

1
Hence two real solution exists x = -1,
2

2
 TM Pre Nurture & Career Foundation Division
For Class 6th to 10th, NTSE & Olympiads
Path to success KOTA (RAJASTHAN )

SOLUTION
REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD-2017

Alternate :
x
P ( x ) = x2 + +b
2
Q(x) = x2 + cx + d ....(i)
P(x) Q(x) = Q(P(x))
let consider P(x) = 0
\ 0 = Q(0) = d (from (i))
d=0
Now P(x) Q(x) = [P(x)]2+ CP(x)
Q(x) = P(x) + c
2 x
x2 + cx = x + +b+c
2
1

N
\ c= and b + c = 0
2
1
b=-
2

E
x 1
P ( x ) = x2 +-
2 2

L
Now since P(Q(x)) = 0,
hence, Q(x) is a root of P(x) = 0
1
2
i.e. x +
x 1
- =0 ( x + 1) x - 2 = 0

L
;
2 2
1
x = -1,
2

A
1
\ Q(x) has to be either 1 or
2
Case 1 :
Q(x) = 1
1
x2 + x +1 = 0
2

-1 15i
x=
4
Case 2 :
1 1 1
Q ( x) = x2 + x - = 0
2 2 2
1
x = , -1
2
So total 4 roots, 2 real & 2 imaginary.
1
Real roots are & -1
2

3
 TM Pre Nurture & Career Foundation Division
For Class 6th to 10th, NTSE & Olympiads
Path to success KOTA (RAJASTHAN )

SOLUTION
REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD-2017

4. Consider n2 unit squares in the xy-plane centred at point (i, j) with integer coordinates, 1 i n, 1 j n. It is
required to colour each unit square in such a way that when ever 1 i < j n and 1 k < l n, the three
squares with centres at (i,k), (j,k), (j,l) have distinct colours. what is the least possible number of colours
needed?
Sol. Here i i < i n; 1k<ln

n
(j,l)
l

k
2 (i,k) (j,k)
1

N
1 2 i j n

(i , k), (j ,k), (j, l) are of distinct coloumn

E
no two square of kth row of same color as (i , k) and (j, k) are of distinct colors and no to squares of i th column
of same color as (j, l) and (j, k) are of distinct color

L
all square of type (x, 1) for x= 1, 2.........n, are of distinct color total n squares
Similarly all of type (n, y) y = 1,2...........n, are of distinct colors, also no square of (x, 1) and (n, y) with same color
there wise take square (n, n) with (x, 1) and (n, y) we will set contradiction.

L
There will be at least 2n 1 colors. Now let us prove 2n 1 colours are sufficient.

A y

y1
x x+1
x+y = c = (i + k)

Here minimum x + y will be 2 (for x = 1, y = 1) and maximum x + y = 2n

from 2 to 2n there 2n1 values
so 2n1 colour will be sufficient.
5. Let W be a circle with a chord AB which is not a diameter. Let T1 be a corcle on one side of AB such that it is
tangent to AB at C internally tangent to W at at D. Likewise, let T2 be a circle on the other side of AB such that it
is tangen to AB at E and internally tangent to W at F. Suppose the line DC intersects W at X D and the line FE
intersects W at Y F. Prove that XY is a diameter of W.

4
 TM Pre Nurture & Career Foundation Division
For Class 6th to 10th, NTSE & Olympiads
Path to success KOTA (RAJASTHAN )

SOLUTION
REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD-2017

Sol. Let O1 be centre of G1 , O of W and O2 of G2 . Join OX and extend it to meet AB of M. Join OO1 it will pass
through D (as both circle are tangent) Y
Now let D C B = q D
90 q
O1 CD = 90 q O1

E M q
A B
O1DC = 90 q q C

ODX = 90 q

OXD = ODX = 90 q F O
O2
MCX = DCB = q (VOA)

In DXCM 90 q

CMX = 180 MXC MCX

N
= 180 (90 q) q = 90 X
(containing D)
(not containing D) similarly Y is mid point of arc AB
X is mid point of arc AB

E
XY is a diameter of W.

L
6. Let x,y,z be real numbers, each greater than 1. Prove that
x + 1 y + 1 z + 1 x -1 y - 1 z - 1
+ + + +
y + 1 z + 1 x + 1 y - 1 z -1 x - 1

L
x -1 y -1 z -1 x +1 y +1 z +1
Sol. + + + +
y -1 z -1 x -1 y +1 z +1 x +1
x -1 x +1 y -1 y +1 z -1 z +1

A
- + - + - 0
y -1 y +1 z -1 z +1 x -1 x +1
2(x - y) 2(y - z) 2(z - x)
+ 2 + 2 0
y2 - 1 z -1 x -1
x-y y-z z-x
2
+ 2 + 2 0
y -1 z -1 x -1
x y y z z x
i.e., 2
- 2 + 2 - 2 + 2 - 2 0
y -1 y -1 z -1 z -1 x -1 x -1
x y z y z x
2
+ 2 + 2 2 + 2 + 2
y -1 z -1 x -1 y -1 z -1 x -1
Now, without loss of generality, let
zyx>1
z2 1 y2 1 x2 1 > 0

1 1 1
2
2 2 >0
x -1 y -1 z -1

5
 TM Pre Nurture & Career Foundation Division
For Class 6th to 10th, NTSE & Olympiads
Path to success KOTA (RAJASTHAN )

SOLUTION
REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD-2017

Now, applying rearrangement inequility,

x y z x y z

1 1 1 1 1 1
x - 1 z 2 - 1 y2 - 1 x 2 - 1
2 2 2
y -1 z -1
x y z x y z
x2 - 1 + y2 - 1 + z 2 - 1 y2 - 1 + z 2 - 1 + x2 - 1

Alternate 1 :
x-y y-z z-x
+ + 0
y 2 - 1 z 2 - 1 x2 - 1
let without loss of generality,
xyz
x2 y2 z2

N
x2 1 y2 1 z2 1
1 1 1
2
2 2
z - 1 y -1 x -1

E
1 1 1
let 2
= a, 2 = b, 2 =c
z -1 y -1 x -1

L
\abc
It is suffices to show that
x-y y -z x-z
+ 2 2

L
2
y - 1 z - 1 x -1
i.e. b (x y) + a(y z) c(x z)
which is true by adding the following
b(x y) c(x y)

A
a(y - z) c(y z)
Alternate 2 :
let x 1 = a, y 1 = b, z 1 = c
a a +2 b b +2 c c +2
- + - + - 0
b b+2 c c +2 a a +2
2 ( a - b ) 2 ( b - c ) 2 (c - a )
+ + 0
b ( b + 2) c (c + 2) a ( a + 2)

a-b b-c c-a

+ + 0
b ( b + 2) c ( c + 2) a ( a + 2)

( a - b )2 + ( b - c )2 + ( c - a )2 ( a - b + b - c + c - a )
2

0 (by Titus formula)

b ( b + 2 )( a - b ) c ( c + 2 )( b - c ) a ( a + 2 )( c - a ) b ( b + 2 )( a - b )