IBCI (Indian Best Coaching Institute)

Boiler Engineering
Exclusive numerical question bank: ( Let us know about any mistake)
PART-6
Question -71 : Find the rise in temperature of air in a pre-heater if 16 kg of air is supplied per kg of
fuel burnt & temperature of flue gases drops in pre-heater is 139 c . The efficiency of pre-heater is
78% the specific heat of flue gases and air is 0.24 .

Solution : Heat transfer of flue gas to Air

=Flue gas mass on 1 Kg of fuel supplied (1 fuel+16 air) x Specific heat x temperature difference of flue
gas across Air pre-heater
= (1+16)x0.24x139
= 567.12 Kcals on supplied 1 Kg of fuel
Effective heat transfer from flue gas to Air= Heat transfer of flue gas to Air x Efficiency of air pre-heater
=567.12 x0.78
=442.3536 Kcal on supplied 1 Kg of fuel
Rise in temperature= Effective heat transfer from flue gas to Air/(1+Ratio of air & fuel)
=442.3536/17
=26.0208*C

Question -72 : Estimate the condenser cooling water flow rates for a 400MW power plant if the
water under goes 10*C temp rise. Assume plant overall efficiency as 40% and boiler efficiency as
80%, Cpw=4.187 MP BOE-2014

Solution :
Turbine efficiency=Overall efficiency/Boiler efficiency
0.4/.8=0.50=50%
400MWHper hr=400000Kwh/hr=400000X3600Kj/hr=1440000000Kj/hr
Total latent heat discharge by cooling tower=1440000000/Turbine
efficiency=1440000000/0.5=2880000000Kj/hr
H=m X Cpw X delta T
cooling water flow m=H/(Cpw X delta T)=1440000000/(4.187x10)=34392166.23Kg/hr
=34392.16623 Tonnes/hr

Question -73 : During a trial of a condenser following readings were taken :

Barometer reading - 766 mm of mercury
Actual vacuum in condenser -710mm of mercury
Temp of hot well - 29 deg c
Inlet temp. of cooling water - 18 deg c
Outlet temp. of cooling water - 27 deg c
Determine :
1 - Vacuum corrected to a saturated barometer of 760 mm of mercury
2 - Vacuum efficiency
3 - Under cooling of condensate
4 - Coefficient of performance

Solution : Absolute vacuum=766-710=56mm of Hg

Corrected vacuum=760-56=704mm of Hg
Vacuum efficiency
=[Actual vacuum/Ideal vacuum}
=(766-56)/(766-30.43)=710/735.57=0.9652=96.52%
Under cooling of condensate=39-29=10*C {30*C equivalent saturation temp of 56mm of hg(0.70 bar)}
Coefficient of performance i.e. condenser efficiency
=(t2-t1)/(ts-t1)=(27-18)/(29-18)=9/11=0.8181=81.81%

website link: http://mithileshkhudawal.wix.com/boeindia

IBCI is the Premier BOE Coaching Institution in Raipur (India),where dream convert into reality in very short
duration
 IBCI (Indian Best Coaching Institute)
Boiler Engineering
Exclusive numerical question bank: ( Let us know about any mistake)
Question -74 : The vacuum in the condenser shell is 710 mm of Hg and atmospheric pressure is
760 mm of Hg. The temp. at inlet and outlet of the air cooling section are 35 deg c and 30 deg c .
Calculate for a leakage of 0.50 kg of air per hour .
1 - The volume of air entering the cooling section per hour and
2 - The mass of steam condensed per hour in the section ,Take R of air as 0.294 KJ/Kg K

Solution : Total absolute pressure in condenser

=760-710=50 mm of hg=50/750=0.0667bar {1bar=750 mm of hg}
At 35*C Partial pressure of vapour=0.05622bar {from steam table}
Partial pressure of air=0.0667-0.05622=0.01048bar
P1.V1/T1=P2.V2/T2
Or V2 =[P1.V1/T1]xT2/P2
=[0.7734x1.0133/273]x[(35+273)/0.01048] {1kg of air occupies 0.7734 m3 at NTP(0*c)
=0.00287x29389.31=84.35 m3

Therefore volume of air entering the cooling section per hour

=0.5X84.35=42.175 m3

Steam at partial pressure of 0.05622 bar and 35*C will occupy the same volume i.e. 42.175 m3
Mass of steam steam entering the cooling section per hour
=42.175/2.5245=16.7kg { Specific vol of dry saturated steam at 35*C=2.5245m3/kg}

At 30 *C Partial pressure of vapour=0.04246bar {from steam table}

Partial pressure of vapour=0.0667-0.04246=0.02424 bar
Volume of air at 30*C and 0.02424 bar pressure
=0.5x{(0.7734x1.0133)/273}x{(30+273)/0.02424}
=0.5x0.0287x12500=179.375 m3 volume of vapour

Mass of vapour in air=179.375/30.929=5.8kg

Mass of steam condensed/hr in the cooling section
=16.7-5.8=10.9kg

Question -75 : A surface condenser operate at a vacuum of 699.2 mm of Hg , when the barometric
head is 760 mm of Hg . It receives steam at the rate of 10 tons per hour, which is 0.9 dry , calculate

1 condenser efficiency

2 cooling water flow rate

If cooling water inlet tem. = 33 deg c and outlet temp. = 40 deg c

Solution : Absolute pressure in condenser=(760-699.2)/760

=0.08bar absolute pressure
At 0.08bar absolute pressure corresponding saturation temperature is 41.53*C
Condenser efficiency= (t2-t1)/(ts-t1)
=(40-33)/(41.53-33)
=7/8.53=0.8206=82.06%

Mw=[msx(hf+xhfg)-hc]/[Cpwx(t2-t1)]
=[10000x0.9X2403.2]/[4.186x(40-33)] {here value of hf=hc}
=21628800/29302
=738 tonnes/hr

website link: http://mithileshkhudawal.wix.com/boeindia

IBCI is the Premier BOE Coaching Institution in Raipur (India),where dream convert into reality in very short
duration
 IBCI (Indian Best Coaching Institute)
Boiler Engineering
Exclusive numerical question bank: ( Let us know about any mistake)
Question -76 : In a surface condensing plant the following data were obtained .

Temp of exhaust steam entering the condenser = 42.67 deg c .

Temp of condensate leaving the condenser = 35 deg c ,

Inlet temp of cooling water = 16.5 deg c & outlet temp = 30 deg c

Quantity of cooling water per hour 46250 kgs ,

Quantity of condensate per hour 1190 Kgs

Calculate the dryness fraction of Exhaust steam entering the condenser .

Solution :
Suppose X is the dryness fraction of exhaust steam entering the condenser
Heat gained by cooling water=Heat lost by steam
Or MwxCpwx(t2-t1)=Msx(hf+X.hfg-hc)
Or 46250x4.186x(30-16.5)=1190x(178.694+X.2578.28-146.37)
Or 1190(2578.28X+32.324)=2611136.25
Or 2578.28X+32.324=2611136.25/1190
Or 2578.28X+32.324=2194.23214
Or 2578.28X=2194.23214-32.324=2161.91
Or X=2161.91/2578.28=
Dryness fraction of exhaust steam =0.84

Question -77 : A surface condenser deals with 2100 kgs steam and the air leakage amounts to 0.8
kg/hr. The temp. of the air pump suction is 350C & the vacuum is 580 mm of Hg when
barometer reads 760 m of Hg. Determine the capacity of the wet air pump which has a
volumetric efficiency of 75%.

Solution: Absolute pressure in Condenser = (760 580)/750 = 0.24 bar

At 35o C, the partial pressure of vapour = 0.05628 bar
Hence partial pressure of air = 0.24 0.05628 = 0.184 bar
Volume of air at this condition
= 0.8 x {(0.7734 x 1.0133) / 273} x {(35 + 273) / 0.184}
= 3.844 m3 per hour
Volume of condensate = 2100 x 0.00101 = 2.121 m3
Wet air to be handled by the pump = 3.844 + 2.121= 5.965 m3 per hour
Volumetric capacity of the pump required = 5.965/ 0.75
= 7.953 m3/ hour

Question -78 : In a small capacity of Thermal Power plant, the condenser is provided with a
separate air-cooling section. The temp. of steam entering the condenser is 560C and temp. at
the air pump section is 460C. The barometer reads 76 cm of Hg, find
(1) Vacuum in Condenser
(2) If discharge of dry air-pump is 90 m3/min., find the air leakage in the condenser in kg/hr.

Solution:
Considering no ingress of air at the inlet, the pressure in the condenser will be the same as the pressure
of the steam entering at that temperature.
From the steam table at 56*C, the corresponding pressure
= 0.1653 bar absolute = 0.1653 x 750 = 123.98 mm of Hg,
Vacuum in the condenser = 760 123.98 = 636.02 mm of Hg
website link: http://mithileshkhudawal.wix.com/boeindia
IBCI is the Premier BOE Coaching Institution in Raipur (India),where dream convert into reality in very short
duration
 IBCI (Indian Best Coaching Institute)
Boiler Engineering
Exclusive numerical question bank: ( Let us know about any mistake)
Now at the outlet the partial pressure of the steam = 0.10101 bar abs. (from steam table at 46*C)
Therefore the partial pressure of air = 0.1653 0.10101 = 0.0643 bar
The discharge of air pump = 90 m3/ min = 540m3/ hr.
Here T = 46*C + 273 = 319 K,P = 0.0643 bar = 0.0643 x 102 kPa, V = 540 m3, R of air = 0.287 kJ/ kg K
PV = mRT
Therefore mass of air leakage in the condenser per hour
m= (0.0643 x 102 x 540)/ (0.287 x 319) = 37.93 kg/hr

Question -79 : A surface condenser condenses steam at the rate of 20t/hr which leaves the
condenser at the corresponding saturation temp. The condenser operates at a vacuum of 680mm
of hg. Determine (a) Condenser efficiency (b) Flow rate of cooling water (c) Number of condenser
tubes ,Where CW inlet temp=33*c,CW outlet temp=43*c, Mean velocity of cooling water =2.5m/s,
ID of condenser tubes=19.6mm,Barometer pressure=760mm of hg & steam is 0.95 dry

Solution:
Absolute pressure=Barometer pressure-vacuum in the condenser
=760-680=80mm of hg=80/750=0.10667bar

At 0.10667bar corresponding saturation temp will be 46.96*C

Condenser efficiency=( t2-t1)/(ts-t1)=(43-33)/(46.96-33)=10/13.96=0.7163
=71.63%

Heat gained by cooling water=Heat lost by steam Or MwxCpwx(t2-t1)=Msx(hf+X.hfg-hc)

Flow rate of cooling water Mw={Msx(hf+X.hfg-hc)}/{Cpwx(t2-t1)}
={20000x(199.7+0.95x2388.4-199.7}/{4.182x(43-33)}
={20000x2268.98}/41.82
=1085117.169 kg/hr
=301.42kg/sec=301.42/1000 m3/sec
=0.30142m3/sec

Area of one tube A={3.14x(0.0196x0.0196)}/4=0.0003 m2

Volume of one tune=Area of one tube X velocity of cooling water =0.0003X2.5 =0.00075m3/sec
Nos. of tubes= Flow rate of cooling water/Flow rate of one tube = 0.30142/0.00075=401.89=402 tubes

Question -80 : The vacuum produced in a surface condenser is 685mm of hg when the barometer
reading is 760mm of hg. The condensing steam temp is 36*C. The net volume of steam space is
25m3. Determine

(a) The partial pressure of air

(b) The mass of air present in the condenser.

Solution: Absolute pressure =760-685=75mm of hg=75/750=0.1bar

Partial pressure of air= Absolute pressure-Saturation pressure
=0.10bar-0.0594bar=0.0406bar=0.04192kgf/cm2

PV=mRT
Mass of air present in the condenser m =PV/RT
={0.04192x10000x25}/{29.27x(273+36)}
=10480/9044.43
=1.16kg

website link: http://mithileshkhudawal.wix.com/boeindia

IBCI is the Premier BOE Coaching Institution in Raipur (India),where dream convert into reality in very short
duration