PAKISTAN

STUDIES CHAPTER#12

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MALIK GHULAM MOHAMMED (1951-55)

3rd governor general of PK.
Was a finance minister before.
Persuaded KND to become PM.
1st one to rise from civil service to high office.
1950 Planning commission set up to oversee economic development. (1951-launched a 6-year plan covering agriculture,
industries, mining, transport, communication, social uplift schemes).
1953 Planning board set up to review development that had taken place. (1956-produced a draft five-year plan to follow
on from 6-year plan).
Both schemes brought economic development in PK. (e.g. Major jute processing plant in East PK in 1952, Exploration of
oil/gas led to discovery of natural gas at Sui).
Difficult times for Pakistanis (WHY WAS HE DISMISSED/PROBLEMS OF HIS GOVERNMENT).
1951-1953, a severe drought, affected food production, led to rioting in most cities, government could not deal
with these shortages, jute demand declined in 1953 after the Korean war.
PK made less money at the time of buying food, USA donated a million tons of wheat.
Rioting due to religious elements, Ulemas campaigned against Ahmadis, and demanded they should be
dismissed from office including Zafarullah khan (foreign minister), martial law imposed, numerous arrests,
rioting stopped.

Constitutional matters
Recommendations of BPC presented to assembly in 1950 proved unpopular, no further consideration.
1952-revised report of BPC presented by PM. (Alterations pg.123-124).
These proposals were too criticized.
Further political changes, unsettled constitution until 1956.
No official language up till then, Urdu was more supported, opposition of Bengalis, no progress made.
17 April 1953, MGM dismissed KND and other 3 cabinet members, blaming for not controlling the economy
and handling the food shortage riots, despite they received the vote of confidence from the assembly.
KND angered, not resisted because any disagreement would be disastrous for the country.
New cabinet, new PM Mohammed Ali Bogra (US ambassador before).
Bogra wanted foreign aid to boost economy.
USA, Canada, Australia sent a million tons of wheat which calmed down famine and riots.
Bogra produced 5-year plan to avoid further shortages.
Bogra also worked out a regional agreement CENTO, part of it involved western aid in form of money,
industrial experts, supplies.

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STUDIES CHAPTER#12

2059/1

1954/55 Constitutional Crisis

Problems of PK, and the desire of MGM to maintain power of GG, no constitution agreement.
MGM hoped to dominate Bogra.
Bogra not turned to be uncompliant.
When MGM was out of country, Bogra persuaded assembly to pass laws limiting GG powers & increasing its
own powers by saying that: (pg.124).
An attempt to limit GG powers and increase its own.
Voting in just 15 mins, assembly repealed PRODA (GG had power to dismiss National & provincial
governments).
Assembly adjoined for a month to draft a new constitution.
MGM didnt take opposition lightly.
While Bogra was out of country next week, MGM declared the state of emergency, & dissolved the assembly.
MGM chose a new cabinet.
Re-appointed Bogra as PM.
Selected 5 members of cabinet who werent members of the assembly (included CIC of army, General Ayub
Khan).
Moulvi Tameezuddeen opposed against that the non-members of assembly shouldnt be selected.
Court ruled in his favor.
21st June 1995, new election for constituent assembly held.
August, MGM fell ill and resigned, replaced by Iskandar Mirza.

SUMMARY
Development schemes
Problems of his government.
BPC problems.
No constitution.
Language issue.
Dismissal of KND.
Bogras achievements.
Bogras betrayal.
MGMs reaction.
Elections.

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