Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Ken Kawamoto
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Japan
International Institute for Resilient Society, Saitama University, Japan
What is Waste?
Solid Waste is unwanted and unrequired material arising
from human and animal activities, which is in solid form.
Textiles 1.0
Metal 0.9
Glass 1.7
Ceramics 0.5
E Wastes 0.2
Miscellaneous 2.7
Source: Waste Amount and Composition Surveys (WACS) implemented in the Central and Southern Provinces of Sri Lanka, SATREPS report (May 2014)
Very huge
4. Separation, Processing
Recycling
Composting Recycling
Japanese Institutes
International Institute for Resilient Society, Saitama University (SU)
Waste Management Group, The Center for Environmental Science in Saitama (CESS)
Institute for Geo Resources and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology (AIST)
Appropriate techniques
+ Field scale study for examining developed techniques
List of Contents
Final Remarks
List of Contents
Final Remarks
Sato, N., K. Kawamoto, and L. Mangalika. 2012. Current condition and issues of municipal solid waste management in Sri Lanka. Proceedings of the 7th Asian-Pacific Landfill
Symposium (APLAS 2012).
Sri Lanka
0.59kg/cap-day,
Urban population
15% (2011)
Source: Waste Atlas,
?
World Bank
?
AFR: Africa
EAP: East Asia & Pacific
ECA: Eastern & Central Asia
2025 LAC: Latin America & the Caribbean
2014 MENA: Middle East & North Africa
SAR: South Asia
AFR: Africa
Low ($975 or less),
EAP: East Asia & Pacific
Lower middle ($976-$3,855)
ECA: Eastern & Central Asia
Upper middle ($3,856-$11,905)
LAC: Latin America & the Caribbean
High ($11,906 or more)
MENA: Middle East & North Africa
SAR: South Asia
Southern Province:
Galle MC
Hambantota MC
Kandy MC
Unit: tons/day
Central Province
Kandy MC 176 88 11 75 8 5 12
Gampola UC 26 62 4 73 1 3 26
Udapalatha PS 43 11 24 69 4 5 22
Southern Province
Galle MC 51 85 16 68 6 6 20
Hambantota MC 23 43 13 54 3 3 40
Southern Province:
Galle MC Matara MC Hambantota MC Hikkaduwa UC Weligama UC Tangale UC
Habaraduwa PS Akuressa PS Weeraletiya PS
Summary (1)
Final Remarks
4. Separation, Processing
Recycling
Composting Recycling
Photos: Amano, Waste disposal and the concept of semi-aerobic landfill method, lecture material at JICA Country-Focused Training Program, 2010
Photos: Amano, Waste disposal and the concept of semi-aerobic landfill method, lecture material at JICA Country-Focused Training Program, 2010
No Leachate Control or Treatment
Photos: Amano, Waste disposal and the concept of semi-aerobic landfill method, lecture material at JICA Country-Focused Training Program, 2010
Class B (10-50t/d)
PS: 30 LAs
UC: 35 LAs
Galle
Sewwandi, B.G.N., T. Koide, K. Kawamoto, S. Hamamoto, S. Asamoto, and H. Sato. 2013. Evaluation of leachate contamination potential of municipal solid waste
dumpsites in Sri Lanka using leachate pollution index. Proceedings of Fourteenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium (Sardinia 2013)
Max. permissible
level 6.5-8.5 30 250 10 5 50
Sewwandi, B.G.N., T. Koide, K. Kawamoto, S. Hamamoto, S. Asamoto, and H. Sato. 2013. Evaluation of leachate contamination potential of municipal solid waste
dumpsites in Sri Lanka using leachate pollution index. Proceedings of Fourteenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium (Sardinia 2013)
Tolerance Limits for Industrial Effluents Discharge into Inland Surface Waters , Sri Lanka Standard 652: 1984 (1984, Sri Lankan Standards Institution)
Heavy metals in leachate (ppb)
Sample location Cr Fe Ni Cu Zn As Se Cd Pb
Bandaragama 329 7167 912 227 5362 722 2607 90 479
Gampola 220 5546 335 734 462 164 461 4 34
Gohagoda 470 77000 1900 190 6600 170 220 20 500
Rathnapura 439 56343 1311 627 1685 1551 4922 52 168
Kolonnawa 1968 346930 4473 55 11759 705 2443 15 421
Galle 486 15477 673 564 593 1796 5947 52 169
Wennapuwa 363 2501 399 431 409 939 2812 53 87
Negombo 330 20111 666 535 2062 846 2184 51 333
Matale 345 60762 115 573 6876 522 1935 100 1777
Hambantota 80 5341 226 166 19909 678 2522 172 492
Kataragama 11 1117 89 58 638 106 400 50 123
Max. permissible
100 3000 3000 3000 5000 200 500 100 100
level
Sewwandi, B.G.N., T. Koide, K. Kawamoto, S. Hamamoto, S. Asamoto, and H. Sato. 2013. Evaluation of leachate contamination potential of municipal solid waste
dumpsites in Sri Lanka using leachate pollution index. Proceedings of Fourteenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium (Sardinia 2013)
Tolerance Limits for Industrial Effluents Discharge into Inland Surface Waters , Sri Lanka Standard 652: 1984 (1984, Sri Lankan Standards Institution)
Pb 100
CH4
PBH5
Methane PBH4
80
Concentration ( % )
PBH3
60
Max. permissible level
40
20
0
2013/1/26 2013/5/6 2013/8/14 2013/11/22 2014/3/2 2014/6/10
Concentration ( % )
0.008
60
Cd Concentration mg/L
BH5
0.006 BH6
BH7 40
PBH3
0.004 PBH4
20
0.002
0
0 2013/1/26 2013/5/6 2013/8/14 2013/11/22 2014/3/2 2014/6/10
Summary (2)
Final Remarks
Honshu
(Main 117,011 69 125 117 242 28.3 48.4
land)
Shikoku 74,767 97 102 132 233 17.4 56.4
Kyushu 76,375 47 186 233 419 32.0 55.7
1 USD = 100 JPY
2 12 27 130 180
300,000 55 39 28
8 48 108 250 450
2 40 90 90 140
1,000,000 33 19 52
8 160 360 210 410
Upper: Normal water treatment
Lower: Advanced water treatment
Develop pollution control and restoration techniques with low-cost, low-maintenance, and
low environmental impacts (Alternative and appropriate technique)
how to utilize locally-available bio resources, geomaterials, and inert industrial wastes
Keep waste layers in aerobic condition and enhance aerobic decomposition (Aerobic
stabilization)
how to reduce wastewater treatment cost and maintenance period
Satisfy economic and technical requirements from local authorities that manage and
maintain landfill facilities (Suitable Life Cycle Cost and Capacity)
how to evaluate technical performance and cost effectiveness of the proposed techniques
Improve alternative techniques step-by-step and prove those structures and functions
equivalent to existing modern techniques (Step-by-Step Approach)
how to be done not one-off basis but continual basis development
Utilization of locally-available materials (1): Wastewater
treatment
Coconut husk
powder
Industrial material
Zeolite 1.2 55 Hamidpour et al., 2010
Bentonite 5.1 63 Hamidpour et al., 2010
Sewwandi, B.G.N., M. Vithanage, S.S.R.M.D.H.R. Wijesekara, M.I.M. Mowjood, S. Hamamoto, and K. Kawamoto. 2014. Adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) humic acid treated coconut (Cocos
nucifera) husk. J. Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste, ASCE, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HZ.2153-5515.0000196.
Paranavithana, G.N., B.G.N. Sewwandi, T. Saito, and K.Kawamoto. 2014. Adsorption characteristics of Cd(II) and Pb(II) onto coconut shell biochar and coconut shell activated carbon as
media for permeable reactive barriers in Sri Lanka. Proceedings of 5th International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste.
Laterite Apatite
1.00E-07
Hydraulic Conductivity (m/s)
1.00E-08
Before leachate contact
Clay liner requirement
1.00E-09
1.00E-11
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Summary (3)
Final Remarks
Final Remarks
Preface
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Current Situation of Solid Waste Management (SWM) in Sri Lanka
3. Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Existing Waste Landfills
4. Environmental Monitoring of Waste Landfills
5. Landfill Site Selection
6. Pollution Control Techniques for Waste Landfills
7. Conclusive Remarks and Future Perspectives
Appendix 1 Status of Landfill Legislation in Sri Lanka
Appendix 2 Financial Stream related to Solid Waste Management in Sri Lanka
Appendix 3 Action plan making for remediating SWM practices in local authorities
Appendix 4 Examples of Environmental Monitoring Data at Existing Waste Landfills
Appendix 5 Monitoring Methods
Appendix 6 Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QAQC) for Analytical Equipment
Appendix 7 Example of Quantitative Risk Assessment for Landfill Site Selection
Appendix 8 Items for cost estimation of initial investment on engineered landfill sitting
Acknowledgements (1)
Related
Doctor/
Duration Name Affiliation Supervisors Research Topics Activity in
Master
SATREPS
1 Doctor Oct 2008 P. Saitama Univ Kawamoto (SU) Gas transport in final Activity 4
-Sep 2011 Wickramarachchi Komatsu (SU) cover soil
(Sri Lanka) Nagamori (CESS)
2 Doctor Oct 2009 S. Subedi Saitama Univ Kawamoto (SU) Hydrophobic capillary Activity 4
-Sep 2012 (Nepal) Komatsu (SU) barrier for final cover
Tanaka (SU) system
3 Doctor Apr 2011 N. Sato (Japan) Saitama Univ Kawamoto (SU) Waste water treatment Activity 4
- Komatsu (SU) utilizing locally-available
Tanaka (SU) biomass resources
Sato (Tokyo Univ)
4 Doctor Oct 2010 K. Lee Waseda Univ Matsuoka (WU) Social capacity assessment Activity 1
- (Korea) Iijima (SU) in solid waste
management
5 Doctor Oct 2011 B.G.N. Saitama Univ Kawamoto (SU) Permeable reactive Activity 4
- Sep 2014 Sewwandi (Sri Tanaka (SU) barrier for removal of
Hamamoto (SU) contaminants
Lanka) Asamoto (SU)
6 Doctor Oct 2012 Y.N.S. Saitama Univ Kawamoto (SU) Hydrophobic capillary Activity 4
- Sep 2015 Wijewardana barrier for final cover
system
(Sri Lanka)
7 Doctor Oct 2012 A.D.E. Saitama Univ Kawamoto (SU) Gas transport in final Activity 4
- Sep 2015 Achchillage cover soil and methane
oxdation
(Sri Lanka)
8 Doctor Oct 2012 G. Saitama Univ Kawamoto (SU) Permeable reactive Activity 4
- Sep 2015 Paranavithana barrier for removal of
contaminants
(Sri Lanka)
9 Doctor Oct 2013 H.M.A. Rashid Saitama Univ Kawamoto (SU) Solute transport in liner Activity 4
- Sep 2016 (Pakistan) materials
Acknowledgements (3)
Related
Doctor/
Duration Name Affiliation Supervisors Research Topics Activity in
Master
SATREPS
10 Master Mar 2013 - Subhani UoR Neetha Dayanthi Wastewater treatment Activity 3 & 4
Mar 2015 Nanayakkara UoR
UoR
11 Master Mar 2013 - Chathura Cuddika UoR N.H. Priyankara Geotech properties for Activity 3 & 4
Mar 2015 Balasooriya UoR
UoR waste disposal site
12 Master Apr 2013 Pavithra UoP Gemunu Herath Wastewater treatment Activity 4
Sep 2014 Abhayawardane (UoP)
13 Master Apr 2013 Shakila UoP C. Kalpage Wastewater treatment Activity 4
Oct 2014 Hettiarachcchi (UoP)
14 Master Apr 2013 Priyantha Bandara UoP K.B.S.N. Jinadasa Solid waste management: & Activity 1 & 4
Oct 2014 (UoP) Wastewater treatment
15 Master Apr 2013 Marina Ishihara WU S. Mstsuoka (WU) Social capacity assessment Activity 1
Mar 2015 in solid waste management
16 Master Jan 2014 Udayagee UoP M.I.M. Mowjood Environmental monitoring at Activity 3
Nov 2015 Kumarasinghe (UoP) waste disposal site
17 Master Jan 2014 N.T. Bhagya UoP K.B.S.N. Jinadasa Wastewater treatment, Activity 4 & 3
Nov 2015 Madusankha (UoP) Environmental monitoring at
waste disposal site
1. Introduction
1.1 Need for Guide
1.2 Objectives
1.3 Target waste landfills in the Guide Municipal solid waste