Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Abstract
Around 60% of population of Nepal are devoid of electricity, most of which are from rural areas. For
places where electrification through national grid connection and micro hydro is not technically and
economically viable, community electrification via standalone gasification plants can be an option for
providing basic access to electricity to those communities using agricultural or forest residues generated
within the vicinity. For efficient and trouble free operation of gasifier plant, the understanding of social,
economical , technical and operational aspects within the beneficiary community is crucial for gasifier
acceptance and successful implementation of gasifier plant for community electrification .
Besides proper biomass supply chain management, detail technical aspects of operation and maintenance
cannot be undermined while operating the gasifier plant . A small operational alternation from the
specified procedure can increase down time of the plant. Moisture content beyond the designed range
can adversely affect the quality of syngas and can generate more tar, which can hinder proper engine
operation and reduce its reliability and durability. Further, bridging problems which is associated with
basic fuel size can stop the gasification process thereby shutting down the whole system till proper
maintenance of the gasifier is carried out . Similarly, biomass composition has also greater impact on the
engine performance as the quality of syngas generated depends upon it .These simple parameters have
great impact on operation of gasifier and acceptance of the technology. This paper intends to discuss the
effect of vital parameters like moisture content, fuel size, equivalence ratio and gas conditioning and
technical difficulties arising from lack of basic understanding in operation of gasification plant in rural
areas. Furthermore, practical methods of encountering technical problems are presented, focusing on
rural communities of Nepal.
1. Background:
Biomass-gasification is a non conventional using dual fuel engines, Spark ignition engines,
renewable energy technology, which has been in gas turbines or steam turbines. Considering the
use for thermal and electrical power generation components and accessories, cost, technical
aspects and ease on handling and operation,
at various places and industries throughout the engines running on dual fuels are suitable to use
world. Besides thermal power generation, this in small scale operation.
technology can be used in electricity generation
This technology and has been used for rural cooling. Like wet type system filters are used to
electrification in various places all over the absorb condensed tars and small sized
world and is an attractive technology for particulates.
community electrification in developing Asian
countries like India, Cambodia, Thailand, Though great many advances have been made in
Nepal[1]. For country like Nepal whose major huge capacity commercial gasification plants,
energy resource is biomass, mainly fuel wood there are still problems in designing and
[2], gasification technology is most suitable in operating small scale plants used as standalone
energy conversion and electrification of rural operating systems in developing countries.
areas which are far off national grid and other Various aspects must be considered while
options like micro-hydro and wind power are not designing or selecting gasifiers. A gasifier plant
feasible. Gasification not only saves the can operate on its best if design is carried as per
declining status of forests but also can utilize the real scenario based on detail feasibility study of
residues from agriculture and forest for better the site. Aspects like type and availability of
purpose. The core advantage of this technology biomass and water resources availability for
is, that it can be designed being based on selection of wet or dry type system play crucial
practical aspects of site of interest. role in selecting type and size of gasifiers.
Bibliography:
[1] Water and Energy Commission
Secretariat,. Energy Consumption Situation
In Nepal (Year 2011/12). Kathmandu:
Government of Nepal, 2014. Print