Journal of Biotechnology

and Crop Science

6(8): 40-43, 2017

Response of inter-specific crosses under field and glasshouse conditions against

Tomato leaf curl virus disease (ToLCVD) in tomato
RK Singh, N Rai, AK Singh, Prashant Kumar, Rashmi Singh
Received: 12 March 2017 Revised Accepted: 15 May 2017

ABSTRACT
In present study twenty four inter-specific crosses developed by crossing four susceptible and six resistant species in line
x tester mating design. These crosses and their parents were evaluated in field and glasshouse of ICAR-Indian Institute of
Vegetable Research, Varanasi, U.P., and India. The objective of study was to study the genetic nature of inter-specific
crosses for resistance to Tomato leaf curl virus disease (ToLCVD) and yield traits under different environmental (field
and glasshouse) conditions. In this study it was manifested that the disease pressure was more in glasshouse than field
conditions due to high viral pressure by whiteflies. The performance of yield traits were good in field conditions. It was
also found that the cross combination of EC-520061 were resistant for ToLCVD under both field and glass house
environment. Whereas, the crosses of EC-521080, EC-528372, WIR-5032 and EC-528372 were better yield potential.
These crosses can be utilized and advanced for development of resistant varieties to ToLCV disease and high yield.

Key Words: Eco-horticultural traits, Field and glasshouse conditions, Heterosis breeding, Inter-specific
crosses, Resistant to ToLCV, Wild spp.

INTRODUCTION

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., 2n=2x=24) of
night shade family Solanaceae, is native of South
America but some evidences were its origin from
Peru-equator of Andes region and south Mexico,
grown throughout the world including tropical,
subtropical and temperate regions (Vidavski et al
2008). Tomato cultivation is damaged by several
pathogens like fungi, bacteria, viruses and
nematodes which cause severe losses in production.
Among viral diseases, Tomato leaf curl virus disease
(ToLCVD) of the family geminiviridae is
transmitted by whiteflies (Bamisia tabaci), is the
most devastating problem and reached up to 100%
yield loss to tomato yields in many tropical and
subtropical regions worldwide (Vidavski et al 2008)
RK Singh, N Rai ( ), AK Singh, Prashant Kumar, Rashmi
Singh
Division of Crop Improvement & Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian
Institute of Vegetable Research (ICAR-IIVR), P.O.Jakhini
(Shahanshahpur), Varanasi
Email: nrai1964@gmail.com
including India (Banerjee and Kalloo 1987 a & b,
Kalloo and Banerjee 1990, Singh et al 2015 a & b).
Tomato leaf curl infected plants in Uttar Pradesh of
India remain stunted in growth, shoot and leaves are
smaller and erect in position, such leaves are usually
rolled upward and inward and become deformed and
severally chloratic (Singh et al 2010). Climate
change is a major issue for affected to agricultural
research on both aspects biotic and abiotic stresses.
Tomato crop is also suffer to these stresses and a
limited resistance sources available in dynasty of S.
lycopersicum if hidden to wild species (Singh et al
2014a & 2015a). The universal truth is the tomato
wild species have capable to develop resistant
varieties by using breeding procedure against
ToLCVD (Singh et al 2014a & b). Excellent
performance of yield traits against ToLCV disease in
tomato can be report as good approach to select
good combiners for resistance breeding (Singh et al
2015 a & b). The major breeding tool for improving
the potential productivity of tomato crop. The

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genetic diversity of parental lines is usually
considered to be an important factor to maximize the
chances of heterotic combination (Kaur et al 2007).
The objective of this study was to examine the
nature of inter-specific crosses in relation to
heterotic performance against ToLCV disease and
yield traits in different environment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty four F1 hybrids were produced by crossing
between four susceptible cultivars of S.
lycopersicum viz., Punjab Chhuhara, Kashi Vishesh,
Hissar Anmole and Kashi Anupam had superior
yield traits and six wild resistant species e.g., viz.
EC-521080 (S. pimpinellifolium), EC-520061 (S.
habrochaites), EC-520049 (S. chmielewskii), EC-
528372 (S. cerasiforme), WIR-5032 (S. chilense)
and WIR-3957 (S. arcanum) having vigorous growth
(Table 1) in Line x tester mating design (Singh et
al 2015b). Twenty four hybrids and their parents of
tomato were evaluated in field and glasshouse
conditions during Ravi season of 2007-2008 at the
Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi,
India (Singh et al 2015b). Twenty one days old
seedlings were transplanted in field and 10-days old
seedlings were transplanted into plastic pots in insect
proof glasshouse.
Data observation of disease and yield traits: For
screening of ToLCVD, a standard procedure was
used for both field and glasshouse conditions
(Banerjee and Kalloo 1987b, Singh et al 2015a).
Symptom severity was scored on six point (0-5)
scale, where, 0=highly resistance (HR), 1=resistant
(R), 2=moderately resistant (MR), 3=moderately
susceptible (MS), 4=susceptible (S), 5= highly
susceptible (HS). Percent disease incidence (PDI)
and coefficient of infection (CI) was calculated by
using formula of Singh et al (2015a).
For study of heterosis and response of yield traits in
both field and glasshouse condition the five
vegetative traits of parents and hybrids e. g., plant
J of Biotech & Crop Sci (2017) 6(8): 40-43
height (PH), Number of fruits per plant (NOFPP),
Fruit set percent (FSP), Average fruit weight (AFW)
and Fruit yield per plant (FYPP) were selected. The
heterosis over better parents or heterobeltiosis was
calculated as same by Singh et al (2015b).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Production of F1 s: Twenty four inter-specific
crosses were developed by crossing between
susceptible and resistant parents. All F 1s were
categorized in highly resistant to highly
susceptible disease reaction (Table 2). There is a
few number of resistant genes identified in tomato
cultivars (S. lycopersicum) even as the sufficient
resistant sources are available in wild genetic
background (Singh et al 2015a & b). Present study
emphasized that the female parents (cultivars) were
susceptible and highly susceptible disease reaction
whereas male parents (wild accessions) were highly
resistant disease reaction for ToLCVD (Kalloo and
Banerjee 1990, Singh et al 2015a). In an earlier
study it has been reported that all F 1s were
categorized in highly resistant to highly susceptible
for ToLCVD (Singh et al 2014a). The female
parents were containing better size of fruit while
male parents were poor in size of fruits (Table 2).
The small and very small fruit size was produced
in F 1 crosses. Reduction of fruit size in F1 crosses
may be due to dominance characters of wild parents
over its cultivars. Another study was also supported
to this hypothesis about dominancy of wild parents
over cultivars (Banerjee and Kalloo 1987 b, Kalloo
and Banerjee 1990, Singh et al 2014a).
Comparison between field and glasshouse
experiments: A comparative study was done
under field and glasshouse conditions for tomato
leaf curl virus disease (ToLCVD) incidence and
five horticultural traits viz., plant height (PH),
number of fruit per plant (NOFPP), fruit set percent
(FSP), average fruit weight (AFW) and fruit yield
per plant (FYPP) were observed (Figure 1). It was
noticed that the maximum disease incidence was
in glasshouse (91.4%) than field (52.6%)
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J of Biotech & Crop Sci (2017) 6(8): 40-43
conditions. Susceptibility of F 1s was also
increased in glasshouse conditions. Other yield
traits (PH, NOFPP, FSP, AFW and FYPP) were
more in field than glasshouse conditions (Figure
1). However, low temperature and high humidity
was prevalent in glasshouse while the reverse was
recorded in field (Figure 2).
In the present investigation, the effect of ToLCV
disease was found more in glasshouse than field
conditions. This may be due to high humidity and
low temperature in glasshouse as well as in winter
season which is more favourable for building up of
whitefly population. This finding was supported to
an earlier agreement where it was reported that the
glasshouse screening for whitefly mediated
inoculation techniques was more authentic than field
and low temperature with high humidity was more
favourable for whitefly population (Pico et al. 1998,
Konat et al 2008, Singh et al 2010, 2014a & b,
2015a & b). In this study it was also recorded that
the other eco-horticultural traits viz., PH, NOFPP,
FSP, AFW and FYPP gave significant response in
field as compared to glasshouse conditions. It may
be due to high disease pressure in glasshouse, while
in field where low disease pressure was observed,
the tomato crop had survived and given better yield
and related eco-horticultural traits. Occurrence of
high disease pressure in glass house and good yield
attributes in field was supported by Singh et al
(2010, 2014a & b, 2015a).
Heterosis over better parents: Among twenty four
crosses only three were selected on basis of best and
superior heterotic performance and range of
heterosis value for each trait (Table 3). For
coefficient of infection value of tomato leaf curl
virus disease (ToLCVD) the cross combinations
Punjab Chhuhara EC- 520061, Hissar Anmol
EC-520061 and Kashi Anupam EC-520061 were
highly resistant and negative heterosis value in both
field and glasshouse conditions while the range of
heterosis value for ToLCV was -88.97 (Punjab
Chhuhara EC- 520061) to -4.00 (Hissar Anmol x
EC-520049). This may be due to presence S.
habrochaites accession which has a dominant gene
for ToLCV resistant. This study supported to the
dominant nature of heterosis which was governed by
two completely dominant genes with inhibitory gene
action for ToLCV resistance (Banerjee and Kalloo
1987 b, Kalloo and Banerjee 1990). In case of plant
height (PH) the maximum heterosis value was
recorded in crosses of Hissar Anmol WIR- 5032,
Kashi Anupam WIR-5032, Kashi Vishesh WIR-
3957 under field conditions whereas, in glasshouse
Kashi Vishesh WIR- 5032, Kashi Vishesh WIR-
3957 and Hissar Anmol WIR-3957 were expressed
maximum heterosis. Minimum and maximum range
of heterosis for PH was -39.07 (Punjab Chhuhara x
EC-527372) to 59.74 (Hissar Anmol x WIR-5032).
Indeterminate plant height is indicated to resistance
of parents, this study supported by similar
hypothesis of Singh et al (2014, 2015a & b).
However, for NOFPP maximum heterosis value was
recorded in the crosses of Kashi Anupam EC-
528372, Kashi Anupam WIR-5032 and Punjab
Chhuhara EC-528372 under both field and
glasshouse conditions and range was -84.19 (Kashi
Anupam x EC-521080) to 13.31 (Kashi Anupam x
EC-528372). This study was an agreement of Singh
et al (2014a). The maximum range of heterosis for
fruit set percent (FSP) was -18.42 (H-86 x EC-
520061) to 13.57 (H-24 x EC-521080) and the
crosses of Hissar Anmol x EC-521080, Hissar
Anmol x EC-520049 and Kashi Anupam x EC-
520061 expressed best heteosis in field condition
while the crosses of Kashi Vishesh x EC-528372,
Kashi Anupam x EC-528372 and Hissar Anmol x
EC-528372 were best heterosis for fruit set percent
in glasshouse condition. For average fruit weight
(AFW) highest heterosis was in crosses of Hissar
Anmol EC-528372, H-24 WIR- 5032 and
Punjab Chhuhara EC-528372 under field condition
and the crosses Punjab Chhuhara EC-528372,
Hissar Anmol EC-528372 and Punjab Chhuhara
WIR- 3957 were in glasshouse conditions while the
heterosis range was 96.90 (Kashi Anupam x EC-
520061) to -54.78 (Hissar Anmol EC-528372). It
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was also found that the crosses of EC-528372
expressed highest fruit set percent and fruit weight
under high pressure of white flies. It means S.
ceraseforme has potential for good fruit size and
fruit set percent under disease pressure (Singh et al
2014a, 2015b). However, the heterosis range for
FYPP was -79.35 (Kashi Anupam x EC-521080) to -
63.46 (Punjab Chhuhara x EC-528372) and the
crosses of Punjab Chhuhara EC-528372, Punjab
Chhuhara EC- 521080 and Punjab Chhuhara
EC- 520061 expressed high yield heterosis under
field condition but in case of glasshouse condition
the cross combinations Punjab Chhuhara EC-
521080, Punjab Chhuhara EC-528372, and Hissar
Anmol EC-528372 were best heterosis (Table 3).
A number of workers have been reported high and
negative heterosis over better parents for fruit yield
this may be due to inter-specific hybridization
(Banerjee and Kalloo 1987 b, Kalloo and Banerjee
1990, Shankarappa et al 2008, Singh et al 2014a). In
present study we cofounded that the inter-specific
crosses were adopted the strong genes of wild
parents for the most of the traits. The ToLCV
disease pressure was more in glasshouse conditions.
Highest yield traits found in field conditions due to
low disease pressure. Crosses of EC-520061 were
low and negative heterosis for ToLCV. Whereas,
crosses of EC-528372, EC-520049, and EC-521080
gave good response for yield and associated traits.
These genotypes can be utilized in ToLCVD
resistance breeding programmes.
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