Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
JOSEPHS COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
summarized as follows.
1. Water consumption
a. Water consumption in the institute
4. E- Waste Management
The total Number of
: Servers 4 Nos
5. Electricity Consumption
Eco-friendly
1. Energy Conservation
2. Water harvesting
College has taken measures to harvest water during rain seasons. The
water from the roofs are collected and stored in Rain Harvesting
Tanks (with total capacity of 20,000 Ltrs) specially built for the
purpose. Stored water is mainly used for Botanical Garden and
Vegetable garden.
A total of three 3 lianas were reported from the campus among which
Endemic plants
species. Nayar (1996) estimated that out of the 4000 species of flowering
plants of Western ghats, 1500 are endemics. In Kerala, Nayar estimated 3800
species with 1272 endemics. Thus, Kerala has 95% of the flowering plants of
Among the 90 species reported from the study area 3 are endemic to
Threatened plants
Henry et al. (1979), Jain & Sastry (1984), Ahmedullah & Nayar (1987) and
the Red List of IUCN. Among these, 4 species viz. Hopea ponga (Dennst.) D.J.
Mabb., Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq., Madhuca neriifolia (Moon) H. J. Lam, and
1. Medicinal plants
properties. The different parts of these 16 plants are used in local medicines
medicinal properties are listed out in the table below (Table 1.3).
2. Edible plants
the edible part in most of the species. The seeds of Cycas circinalis and stem
starch sago of Cycas revoluta have high nutritional value. A list of the edible
Table 1.3. List of medicinal plants reported from the College campus
important for their timber. Hevea braziliensis is planted for extracting latex.
A list of timber and latex yielding plants reported from the campus are listed
ANGIOSPERMS
MAGNOLIACEAE
1. Michelia champaca L.
Malayalam name: Chempakam
Description: An evergreen or semi-deciduous, small to medium sized tree
up to 50 m tall. Leaves simple, entire, arranged spirally. Flowers on short,
axillary, solitary or rarely in pairs.
Flowering & Fruiting: Throughout the year
Distribution: Indomalaysia and China; in the Western Ghats- South and
Central Sahyadris.
Specimens examined: DEV-6337
ANNONACEAE
2. Annona squamosa L.
Malayalam name: Atha, Seethappazham
Description: Small, semi-deciduous tree, with a broad, open crown or
irregularly spreading branches. Leaves simple, lanceolate or oblong
lanceolate, minutely dotted on examination with a lens. Flowers greenish-
yellow, fragrant, on slender hairy stalks, produced singly or in short lateral
clusters about 2.5 cm long, 2-4 flowers but not at the base of the leaves;
The aggregate fruit formed from the numerous pistils of a flower, which
are loosely united, is soft and distinct from other species of the genus.
Each pistil forms a separate tubercle, greenish-yellow when ripe, with a
white, powdery bloom.
Flowering & Fruiting: June-October
Distribution: Native of Central America and West Indies
Notes: Fruits are edible
Specimens examined: DEV- 6362
BIXACEAE
5. Bixa orellana L.
Malayalam Name: Monkey-mailanchi, Kunkumam, Kurangumanjal,
Sindooram
Description: Shrubs or small evergreen trees, 2-9 m high; young branches
densely dark scaly; wood pale yellow, soft. Leaves alternate, ovate,
subcordate or truncate at base, long-acuminate at apex, shining above,
densely red- dotted, initially scaly beneath, glabrous later; Inflorescence a
terminal corymb or panicle. Capsules globose or broadly ovoid, nearly
truncate at base, abruptly short-acuminate at apex or elongate-ovate with
narrowly long-acuminate apex, with dense long stiff but soft and flexible
bristles, green when young,
| Green audit report 2015-2016 18
Flowering & Fruiting: June - November
Distribution: Originally from Tropical America; now widespread in the tropics
Specimens examined: DEV-1876, 6377
DIPTEROCARPACEAE
6. Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabb.
Malayalam names: Naduvalippongu, Kambakam, Naikambakam
Description: Trees, to 20 m high, bole fluted, bark dark grey, smooth,
exfoliations large, rectangular or irregular; branchlets pubescent Leaves
simple, alternate, ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong or ovate, coriaceous,
Flowers bisexual, yellowish-pink, in axillary unilateral drooping racemose
panicles. Fruit a nut, ovoid, calyx lobes expanded to forms wings, dark red; 2
longer wings and 3 smaller unequal wings.
Flowering & Fruiting: January-April
Distribution: Endemic to Southern Western Ghats
Specimen examined: DEV- 6317
STERCULIACEAE
7. Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R.Br.
Malayalam Names: Anathondi, Kavalam, Kudatthanni, Pothondi
Description: Deciduous trees, to 35 m high, bole straight, buttressed; Leaves
simple, alternate clustered towards the end of branches, ovate or orbicular,
coriaceous. Flowers unisexual or polygamous, to 2 cm long, brownish, in
rusty brown tomentose panicles from leafless nodes. Fruit of 3-5 follicles,
obovoid oblique.
Flowering & Fruiting: April-May
Distribution: South Asia and Myanmar
Specimens examined: DEV-6341
8. Kleinhovia hospita L.
Malayalam name:
Drescription: Evergreen, bushy tree growing up to 20 m high. Leaves are
simple and alternate, ovate to heart-shaped. The flowers in loose panicles
RUTACEAE
9. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa
Malayalam name: Koovalam
Description: Trees to 12 m tall, deciduous. Leaves alternate-3-foliolate,
sometimes 5-foliolate,dimorphic, leaflets subsessile, ovate-elliptic or elliptic-
lanceolate. Inflorescences axillary and terminal, racemose or corymbose,
few-flowered, 4-5 cm long. Berries ovoid and flat.
Flowering & Fruiting: March-May
Distribution: India and Sri Lanka; widely cultivated in South East Asia,
Malesia, Tropical Africa and the United States
Specimens examined: DEV-6330
FLACOURTIACEAE
12. Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch.
Malayalam names: Lubica, Lovlolica,
Description: It is a small shrub or tree that grows to a height of 10m.
Flowers small white to green, fragrant.
Flowering & Fruiting: November-April
Distribution: It is widely cultivated in Southeast and East Asia, and has
escaped cultivation in a number of places.
Notes: The fruit is eaten both raw and cooked as a jam and the bark is
sometimes used medicinally.
Specimens examined: DEV-6309
SIMAROUBACEAE
13. Quassia amara L.
Common name: Quassia
Description: A large shrub or small tree, to 8 m tall. Leaves compound,
alternate, pinnate, with 3-5 leaflets, the leaf rachis being winged. Flowers
bright red on the outside, and white inside, produced in a panicle 1525 cm
long. Fruit a drupe.
Flowering & Fruiting: January-November
Distribution: Native of Tropical America, cultivated as ornamental plants
Notes: Q. amara is used as an insecticide in traditional medicine and as
additive in the food industry.
Specimens examined: DEV-6394
OCHNACEAE
15. Gomphia serrata (Gaertn.) Kanis
Malayalam name: Aanaperal, Chavakambu, Chavetti, Chokkatti, Valermani
Description: Woody erect shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, elliptic-
oblong, coriaceous. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal raceme or panicle.
Fruit a drupe.
Flowering & Fruiting: Throughout the year
Distribution: Indo-Malesia
Specimens examined: DEV-6344
MELIACEAE
16. Melia azedarach L.
Malayalam names: Malaveppu, Kattuveppu, Valiyaveppu
Description: Trees, to 20 m high. Leaves bipinnate, alternate, estipulate;
Flowers bisexual, lilac, ca. 1 cm across, in axillary panicles Fruit a globose
drupe, glabrous.
Flowering & Fruiting: May-December
Distribution: Tropical Asia, Australia and Africa
Notes: Melia azedarach is frequently confused with Neem. However, the
structure of the leaves and the color of the flowers, white in Neem and lilac
in Persian lilac, are sufficient to distinguish between the two.
Specimens examined: DEV-6350
| Green audit report 2015-2016 22
17. Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.
Malayalam Name: Mahagani
Description: Trees to 25 m tall; bark deeply fissured. Leaves alternate,
leaflets ca 5 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, falcate, oblique at base, entire at
margin, acuminate at apex, coriaceous, glabrous above puberulous beneath;
Flowers cream-yellow on panicles. Fruit a oblong capsule; seeds winged.
IUCN Status: Endangered
Flowering & Fruiting: April-November
Distribution: Native of West Indies and Central America
Specimens examined: DEV-6322
ANACARDIACEAE
18. Mangifera indica L.
Malayalam name: Mavu
Description: Evergreen trees. Leaves simple, alternate, clustered at the tips
of branchlets, elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, linear-oblong, coriaceous; Flowers
polygamous, yellowish-green, in terminal panicles. Fruit a drupe, oblong-
reniform, compressed, yellowish-red.
Flowering & Fruiting: January-May
Distribution: Tropical
Specimens examined: DEV- 1346, 6376
FABACEAE
19. Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp.
Malayalam name: Sheemakkonna, Seema konna
Description: Trees to 8 m high; bark grey, lenticellate; branchlets glandular-
pubescent. Leaves odd-pinnate, alternate, spiral; leaflets 7-21, opposite,
ovate, ovate-oblong, elliptic-ovate or elliptic-oblong, glabrous above,
glaucous and puberulent beneath, membranous. Flowers bisexual, rose-pink,
to 20 cm long racemes; Fruit a pod, to 15 cm long.
Flowering & Fruiting: November- February
CAESALPINIACEAE
21. Bauhinia purpurea L.
Malayalam name: Chuvanna mandaram
Description: Leaves simple, alternate, base rounded to shallow-cordate, up
to 12 cm x 12 cm, deeply 2-lobed at apex up to 1/3-1/2, ca. 7-12 cm long,
and equally wide, margin entire and the surfaces smooth and glabrous, and
9- or 11-nerved at base, the apex lobes rounded or obtuse to subacute,
minute stipules 1-2 mm long, petioles puberulous to glabrous, 2.5-3.5 cm
long; leaf blades 4.5-11 cm long. Inflorescence a 6-10-flowered raceme in
terminal panicles; flowers numerous, hypanthium, turbinate, purple to
nearly white or at least purple-marked, the flower buds clavate (club-
shaped), velvety, ca 3-4 cm long prior to anthesis; fertile stamens 3 or 4, the
anthers 6 mm long, versatile; ovary superior; corolla of 5 narrow petals and
constricted at base, oblanceolate, 3-5cm long, claws 5-10mm long, the
banner purple-striate, ca 7 mm wide; calyx tubular, erupted by corolla along
one side when flower fully expanding.
Flowering & Fruiting: September-November
MIMOSACEAE
32. Albizia amara Roxb.
Malayalam name: Chalavagai, Nenmenivaka, Oonjal, Varacchi
Description: A small to moderate-sized, much-branched deciduous. Leaves
pinnately compound, with 15-24 pairs of small, linear leaflets, on 6-15
pairs of pinnae. Flowers yellow, fragrant and globose in clusters. Fruits
oblong pods, puberulous,
Flowering & Fruiting: June-January
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka and parts of East Africa
| Green audit report 2015-2016 28
Notes: The genus was named after Filippo del Albizzi. The specific name
amara is probably the Latin word meaning bitter, although the allusion is
not clear.
Specimens examined: DEV-6351
COMBRETACEAE
39. Terminalia cuneata (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.
Malayalam names: Attumaruthu, Kattukadukka, Kulamaruthu,
Neermaruthu, Puzhamatthi, Vellamatthi, Vellamaruthu, Vellilaya
Description: Evergreen trees, to 30 m. Leaves simple, opposite to alternate,
estipulate; oblong, elliptic, oblong-ovate or oblong-obovate, glabrous,
coriaceous, 2 glands at the base on the lowerside. Flowers bisexual, dull
yellow, 2-3 mm across, in short axillary spikes; Fruit a drupe, 6 x 3 cm,
oblong, 5-7 winged.
Flowering & Fruiting: November - June
Distribution: India and Sri Lanka
Specimens examined: DEV-2002
MYRTACEAE
41. Callistemon citrinus (Curt.) Skeels
Coomon name: Bottle brush
Description: Trees, to 10 m high, branches drooping; young shoots silky
tomentose. Leaves simple, alternate, estipulate, crowded towards the tip of
branchlets; Flowers bisexual, red, in spikes. Fruiting calyx not much
enlarged, the truncate orifice usually open.
Flowering & Fruiting: Throughout the year
Distribution: Native in East Australia; widely cultivated
Specimens examined: DEV-6310
LYTHRACEAE
45. Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wight.
Malayalam names: Venthekku, Vellialvu
Description: Its a deciduous tree, to 10-15 m tall. Leaves, opposite, elliptic-
lanceolate. Flowers small, white, borne in large compound panicles, 20-30
cm long. Capsule is ellipsoid, 1-2 cm long. Seeds are winged.
Flowering & Fruiting: May-June.
Distribution: Endemic to Western Ghats
Specimens examined: DEV-6327
RUBIACEAE
47. Coffea arabica L.
Malayalam Names: Coffee, Kappi
SAPOTACEAE
52. Chrysophyllum cainito L.
Common name: Star Apple
Description: Evergreen tree. Leaves alternate, simple, oval, entire, 515 cm
long; the underside shines with a golden color when seen from a distance.
The tiny flowers are purplish white and have a sweet fragrant smell.
Flowering & Fruiting: July-September
| Green audit report 2015-2016 35
Distribution: It is native to the Greater Antilles and the West Indies. It has
spread to the lowlands of Central America and is now is grown throughout
the tropics, including Southeast Asia.
Notes: The fruits are delicious as a fresh dessert fruit; it is sweet and best
served chilled.
Specimens examined: DEV-6366
EBENACEAE
55. Diospyros buxifolia (Blume.) Hiern.
Malayalam name: Kattathuvara, Elichevian, Elichuzhi
Description: Dioecious trees, to 30 m high, bole buttressed; branchlets
densely golden yellow hairy. Leaves simple, alternate, bifarious, elliptic-
OLEACEAE
56. Olea dioica Roxb.
Malayalam names: Edana, Karivetti, Koruku, Vayala, Vayana, Vetila, Vidana,
Description: Trees, to 15 m high, bark grey or brown, rough, shallowly
vertically grooved. Leaves simple, opposite, elliptic, elliptic-oblong or elliptic
lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate, base acute, margin serrate or entire,
glabrous, punctate, pink when young, coriaceous; petiole 7-10 mm, slender,
glabrous, grooved above; lateral nerves 8-12 pairs, pinnate, slender,
glabrous; intercostae obscure. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, creamy- white,
small, in panicles, axillary or from leafless nodes, pedicellate, 4 mm long,
male panicles larger and denser than hermaphrodite.
Flowering & Fruiting: November-April
Distribution: Endemic to Western Ghats
Specimens examined: DEV-6316
COCHLOSPERMACEAE
57. Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston
Malayalam names: Chembanji, Parapanji, Parappoola, Appakudukka
Description: Deciduous trees, to 10 m tall. Leaves simple, palmately 3-5
lobed, alternate, estipulate, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate. Flowers bisexual,
7.5-10 cm across, bright yellow, in grey tomentose terminal panicles. Fruit a
capsule, 5-valved, obovoid, pear shaped, straight, leathery, brown; seeds
many, black, curved, embedded in white cotton.
Flowering & Fruiting: February-March
Distribution: Indo-Malesia
CARICACEAE
58. Carica papaya L.
Malayalam names: Ampapaya, Karmmathi, Karmmoos, Kappalanga,
Omakkay, Pappali, Kappaka, Pappaya
Description: Small herbaceous tree with white milky juice. Trunk with scars
of fallen leaves. Leaf blade 30-60 cm long, deeply divided into several lobes
which are again divided into smaller lobes with acute apex, petiole 40-100
cm long, 1-3 cm in diameter. Plants mostly dioecious rarely monoecious with
fragrant and nocturnal flowers. Male inflorescence 30-100 cm long
pendulous raceme. Fruit large spherical or pyriform usually turning yellow
or orange with yellow or orange flesh.
Flowering & Fruiting: Throughout the year
Distribution: Native of Tropical America; cultivated in the tropics and
subtropics
Specimens examined: DEV-6363
APOCYNACEAE
59. Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.
Malayalam names: Ezhilamppala, Mangalappala, Pala, Yekshippala
Description: Large trees; height to 30 m, latex milky white; branchlets
whorled. Leaves simple, whorled, estipulate, obovate, oblanceolate or
obovate-oblong. Flower bisexual, greenish-white in terminal umbellate
cymes. Fruit of two linear, narrow, pendulous follicular mericarps, green,
connate at both ends.
Flowering & Fruiting: October-February
Distribution: South and South East Asia to Australia
Specimens examined: DEV-6343
BIGNONIACEAE
64. Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don
Malayalam name: Jacaranda
Description: Deciduous trees, to 12 m high. Leaves bipinnate, opposite,
decussate, estipulate; leaflets 21-50, opposite, sessile, elliptic or elliptic-
lanceolate. Flowers bisexual, blue, in lax pyramidal panicles terminal or
axillary.
Flowering & Fruiting: December-July
Distribution: Native of South America
Specimens examined: DEV-6331
VERBENACEAE
68. Gmelina arborea Roxb.
Malayalam name: Kumalu, kumbil
Description: Deciduous trees, to 20 m high, bark 8-10 mm thick, white or
whitish-grey, smooth, lenticellate, scurfy, exfoliating in thin flakes;
branchlets stout, tomentose. Leaves simple, opposite, 7.5-25 x 6-20 cm,
NYCTAGINACEAE
71. Pisonia grandis R.Br.
Malayalam name: Keeramaram, Maduracheera, Maracheera
Description: Small tree. Leaves broad, thin. Flowers green, sweet- smelling
that mature into sticky barbed seeds.
Flowering & Fruiting: Through out the year
Distribution: Cultivated, Andamans and Malay islands
Notes: The leaves are traditionally used as a leaf vegetable in some
countries.
Specimens examined: DEV-6386
LAURACEAE
73. Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob.
Malayalam name: Maravettithali
Description: Dioecious trees, to 10 m high, bark 2-2.5 cm thick, surface
brown; branchlets rather slender, stiff, minutely tomentellous towards apex.
Leaves simple, pilose when young; lamina 6-23.5 x 3-10 cm, elliptic, elliptic-
oblong or obovate, base acute, apex acute, obtuse or acuminate, margin
entire, glabrous above, grey-pubescent beneath, chartaceous; lateral nerves
SANTALACEAE
74. Santalum album L.
Malayalam name: Chandanam
Description: A small evergreen tree with slender drooping branchlets.
Bark is tight, dark brown, reddish, dark grey or nearly black, smooth in
young trees, rough with deep vertical cracks in older trees, red inside.
Leaves thin, usually opposite, ovate or ovate elliptical, glabrous and shining
green above, glaucous and slightly paler beneath; tip rounded or pointed;
stalk grooved, 5-15 cm long; venation noticeably reticulate. Flowers
purplish-brown, unscented in axillary or terminal, paniculate cymes. Fruit a
globose, fleshy drupe.
Flowering & Fruiting: November-December
Distribution: Peninsular India and Malesia
Specimens examined: DEV-6342
EUPHORBIACEAE
75. Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Muell.-Arg.
Malayalam Name(s): Podini, Thodukanni, Uppila, Uppothy, Vatta,
Vattakanni
Description: Dioecious trees, to 18 m high; bark surface pale, greyish-brown
mottled with white, smooth, lenticellate; exudation red, gummy; Leaves
simple, alternate, ovate-orbicular, deltoid-ovate, ovate or orbicular, glabrous
or glabrescent, pubescent with reddish glands beneath, coriaceous; Flowers
unisexual, greenish-yellow. Frit a capsule.
Flowering & Fruiting: January-February
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka and Andamans
| Green audit report 2015-2016 44
Specimens examined: DEV-6379
CASUARINACEAE
78. Casuarina equisetifolia L.
Malayalan name: Kattadi
Description: Evergreen, dioecious or monoecious tree, with a finely
branched crown. Crown shape initially conical but tends to flatten with age.
The branchlets are deciduous, drooping, needlelike, terete but with
prominent angular ribs, Flowers unisexual; perianth absent, replaced by 2
bracteoles. Male flowers in a terminal, simple, elongated spikeborne in
whorls. Female inflorescence on a short lateral branchlet, cylindrical, cone-
shaped or globose. Fruit a grey or yellow-brown winged nut (samara).
Flowering & Fruiting: Throughout the year
CLUSIACEAE
79. Mesua ferrea L.
Malayalam name: Vayanaavu, Nagachempakam, Nagakesaram, Nagapoovu
Description: A slow-growing tree widely cultivated as an ornamental due to
its graceful shape, grayish-green foliage with a beautiful pink to red flush of
drooping young leaves, and large, fragrant white flowers. The tree can grow
over 30 meters tall, often buttressed at the base with a trunk up to 2 meters
in diameter. Leaves simple, opposite, narrow, oblong to lanceolate, blue-grey
to dark green, with a whitish underside. The emerging young leaves are red
to yellowish pink and drooping. The branches are slender, terete and
glabrous. The bisexual flowers are 47.5 cm in diameter, with four white
petals and a center of numerous orange yellow stamens. The fruit is an ovoid
to globose capsule with 1 to 2 seeds.
Flowering & Fruiting: April- July
Distribution: It is native to wet, tropical parts of Sri Lanka , India , southern
Nepal, Burma Thailand, Indochina, the Philippines , Malaysia and Sumatra
Specimens examined: DEV-6372
MORACEAE
81. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
Malayalam name: Pilavu
Description: Large trees with white gummy latex. Leaves obovate or
oblong, coriaceous, glossy, usually glabrous. Individual flowers borne on an
elongated axis and forming a racemoid inflorescence. Fruits contain more
than 500 firm or waxy seeds, oval-oblong or oblong-ellipsoid, thickened at
the hilum.
Flowering & Fruiting: Jan-May
Distribution: Widely cultivated in the tropics, origin is probably South India.
Notes: The generic name comes from the Greek words artos (bread) and
karpos (fruit); the fruits are eaten and are commonly called breadfruit.
The specific name, heterophyllus, is Latin for various leaved, or with
leaves of different sizes and shapes; it is from the Greek word heteros
Specimens examined: DEV-6332
POACEAE
GYMNOSPERMS
CYCADACEAE
87. Cycas circinalis L.
Malayalam name: Chana, Chanappan, Chalanga, Edanthu, Eenth,
Eenthinpana
ARAUCARIACEAE
89. Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco
Description: Juvenile leaves 23-27 x 20-25 mm, longer and flatter than
adult, persist until trees are 10 years old; adult foliage crowded in
overlapping whorls on ends of branches, persistent, without petioles,
narrow to broadly triangular, slightly curved, 8-10 mm long, glabrous, dull
green. Monoecious; male strobili usually borne on lower and mid-crown
branches, terminal, green, yellow at anthesis, red-brown later, elongated,
about 90 x 10 mm.
Distribution: Australia to Polynesia
GNETACEAE
90. Gnetum edule (Willd.) Blume
Gnetum ula Brongn.
Malaylam name: Odal, Karuthodal
Description: Woody lianas. Leaves opposite, elliptic-ovate or oblong,
coriaceous, acute, base rounded or acute; petiole to 1.5 cm. Panicles axillary
arising from mature wood; bracts cupular; male strobilus - to 5 cm long,
bracteoles 2.5 mm; stamens 1, exserted; female strobilus to 7 cm long; ovary
globose. Fruit ellipsoid, yellow.
Flowering & Fruiting:
Distribution: Southwest and southeastern India
Specimens examined: DEV-6336