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A Field Guide
to Everything You
Need To Know
Introduction
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the next major wave of innovation, As consumers, we are already using AI without even realizing
driven by advances in computing power, the ability to store it. Google harnesses AI to autocomplete search queries,
large volumes of data in the cloud at minimal cost, and easier predicting what you are searching for with great accuracy
access to advanced algorithms. And it will be more disruptive and without human involvement. Facebook news feeds and
and powerful than any previous shift in technology. Amazon product recommendations are tailored for you via
machine-learning algorithms. Self-driving cars apply various
AI is often represented by various related terms:machine AI techniques to avoid collisions and traffic congestion.
learning, deep learning, natural language processing, All of these consumer apps have trained consumers to
predictive analytics, and so on. All of these terms point to a expect more from businesses: The new standard for every
future in which our platforms and systems are smart enough customer interaction is a smart, fast, seamless customer
to learn from our interactions and data, not only to help us experience engagement.
with what we ask, but also to anticipate our needs, taking
2
Introduction: What Is Artificial Intelligence?
3
Introduction: What Is Artificial Intelligence?
To help you seize the AI opportunity, well explore a few themes in this e-book:
What AI, machine learning, and deep learning How AI will impact specific business functions, including:
actually mean
Sales (Chapter 3)
How AI has evolved, and why its suddenly a hot topic Sales
IT (Chapter 6)
Platform
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Glossary: How to Talk About AI
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the concept of having machines think like humans in other words, perform
tasks like reasoning, planning, learning, and understanding language. While no one is expecting parity with
human intelligence today or in the near future, AI has big implications in how we live our lives. The brains behind
artificial intelligence is a technology called machine learning, which is designed to make our jobs easier and more
productive.
Machine Learning is the core driver of AI, and involves computers learning from data with minimal programming.
Essentially, instead of programming rules for a machine, you program the desired outcome and train the machine to
achieve the outcome on its own by feeding it data for example, personalized recommendations on Amazon and
Netflix. (Learn more here.) Machine learning is a broad term that encompasses related AI techniques, including:
Deep Learning which uses complex algorithms that mimic the brains neural network to learn a domain
with little or no human supervision. Consumer apps like Google Photos use deep learning to power face
recognition in photos.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) uses machine learning techniques to find patterns within large data sets in
order to recognize natural language. One application of NLP is sentiment analysis, where algorithms might look for
patterns in social media posts to understand how customers feel about a specific brand or product.
Big Data is the raw fuel of AI large amounts of structured or unstructured information that provide the inputs for
surfacing patterns and making predictions.
Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of billions of digitally connected devices, from toasters to cars to houses and
jet engines, that collect and exchange data and can communicate with one another to better serve users.
Predictive Analytics is a branch of advanced analytics that is used to make predictions about unknown future
events, based on patterns in historical data. You might see this in marketing offers that become more relevant to
you each time you take action (or dont) on an email offer.
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CHAPTER 1 2 3 4 5 6
The Path to a
Smarter World
Computing has always been about data. Its written into the
Oxford Dictionarys definition of a computer: an electronic
device for storing and processing data. From the
beginning, computers were designed to fill in gaps in human
intelligence by storing, classifying, retrieving, and applying
huge amounts of data to help us solve problems faster.
feed it tons
of data,
So you feed it two data points: It might conclude that a cat is Or what about this one?
a furry thing with pointy ears,
almond-shaped eyes, whiskers,
and paws. But what happens
JStone / Shutterstock.com
catwalker / Shutterstock.com
= cat
Using only two images to teach a machine how to identify a cat probably wouldnt
equip that machine to accurately classify Garfield as such. However, feeding it
billions of different images of cats in nearly every color, size, and position possible
would make it much more likely to correctly classify an image like this:
Feed enough cat photos into a neural net, and it can learn to
identify a cat. Feed it enough photos of a cloud, and it can learn
to identify a cloud.
Wired, January 2016: Artificial Intelligence Finally Entered Our Everyday World
Data
Expertise
Infrastructure
Context
in work-related
activities to have a
major or moderate
impact on their daily
work lives
Salesforce Research
Smarter Sales
Sales
Chalenge Masekera
Data Scientist, Salesforce
Smarter Service
Service
Heres a vision from the present: Maria orders a gift online and
pays for two-day delivery to get it to her brother in time for his
birthday. When she calls him on his birthday, however, she
learns that the package hasnt arrived. She calls the vendor,
but has to meander through an endless series of push-button
options to find the department she needs. Eventually, she
ends up speaking to an agent. Its as if none of the options
she selected were recorded: She has to tell the story from the
beginning. That agent transfers her to another agent, who asks
her to tell him what happened from the beginning then
puts her on hold. Ultimately, she hangs up in frustration.
Richard Socher
Chief Scientist, Salesforce
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CHAPTER 1 2 3 4 5 6
Smarter Marketing
Marketing
by predictive
intelligence), rated it
as absolutely critical
or very important in
helping them create
cohesive customer
journeys
Salesforce Research
want to go through
Send messages at the right time, when a customer is
most likely to engage the same repetitive
Market research once relied on taking the temperature of steps over and over
broad chunks of society. AI enables marketers to focus at
a granular, individual level. This depth of audience insight again. A bot could
will allow marketers to create and test campaigns virtually,
ensuring the ability to target and convert audiences more do that for you.
effectively by surfacing the right offer to the right person at
the right time. Chalenge Masekera
Data Scientist, Salesforce
Smarter IT
Platform
Customer-Focused AI:
Salesforce Einstein
AI for everyone. The beauty of Salesforce is that it has tons of
different applications across various verticals
At Salesforce, weve focused on creating a set of AI
and lines of business: marketing, sales, service,
platform services and solving customer problems across
sales, service, marketing, and IT in a whole new way. IoT, healthcare, and so on. Salesforce touches
on so many different areas and has a general
With Salesforce Einstein, we are solving for these kinds
platform. Hence when we solve a problem
of questions:
once in a principled way the solution can be
Are you selling the right product to the right applied to so many different companies,
customer at the right time?
improving their processes and helping them
Are you servicing customers on the focus on whats actually important and exciting.
right channel by the right agent? For example, a customer service expert can
focus on helping you with tough questions
Are you marketing on the right
channel at the right time with the specific to your org and not on how to recover
best content? a forgotten password for the 50th time.
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AI Has the Power to Transform CRM
Discover. With AI inside of Salesforce, sales reps, 2) Bringing intelligence to all Salesforce apps and making
service agents, and marketers will discover new the Customer Success Platform smarter
insights about customers, faster and more easily.
3) Allowing developers to embed intelligence in every app
Predict. Knowing the likely outcome of a series of
interactions gives you an AI-powered competitive Customers will now experience the pervasive benefits of
advantage. automated workflows, timely and relevant suggestions, and
adaptive applications throughout every customer touch-
Recommend. Whats the next best step in a sales
point across Sales, Service, Marketing, and IT to redefine
process, a customer service case, or a marketing
customer success as we know it today so that it looks
nurture journey? AI offers it up so you can focus on
more like tomorrow.
the relationship.