Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PD PD
06/08/2010 bonding in ethyne (acetylene) - sp1 hyb…
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
k
k
lic
lic
BONDING IN ETHYNE (ACETYLENE)
C
C
w
w
m
m
w w
w
w
o
o
.d o .c .d o .c
c u -tr a c k c u -tr a c k
Ethyne, C2H2
Ethyne has a triple bond between the two carbon atoms. In the
diagram each line represents one pair of shared electrons.
If you have read the ethene page, you will expect that ethyne is
going to be more complicated than this simple structure suggests.
chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/…/ethyne.html 1/4
F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD
06/08/2010 bonding in ethyne (acetylene) - sp1 hyb…
!
W
W
O
O
read the article about the bonding in methane.
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
to
to
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w
w
m
m
w w
w
w
o
o
.d o .c .d o .c
c u -tr a c k c u -tr a c k
Each carbon is only joining to two other atoms rather than four (as
in methane or ethane) or three (as in ethene) and so when the
carbon atoms hybridise their outer orbitals before forming bonds,
this time they only hybridise two of the orbitals.
They use the 2s electron and one of the 2p electrons, but leave the
other 2p electrons unchanged. The new hybrid orbitals formed are
called sp1 hybrids (sometimes just sp hybrids), because they are
made by an s orbital and a single p orbital reorganising
themselves.
What these look like in the atom (using the same colour coding) is:
Notice that the two green lobes are two different hybrid orbitals -
arranged as far apart from each other as possible. Don't confuse
them with the shape of a p orbital.
The two carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms would look like
this before they joined together:
The various atomic orbitals which are pointing towards each other
now merge to give molecular orbitals, each containing a bonding
pair of electrons. These are sigma bonds - just like those formed
by end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals in, say, ethane. The sigma
bonds are shown as orange in the next diagram.
chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/…/ethyne.html 2/4
F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD
06/08/2010 bonding in ethyne (acetylene) - sp1 hyb…
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y
y
bu
bu
The various p orbitals (now shown in slightly different reds to avoid
to
to
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w
w
m
m
w
confusion) are now close enough together that they overlap w
w
w
o
o
.d o .c .d o .c
c u -tr a c k c u -tr a c k
sideways.
chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/…/ethyne.html 3/4
F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD
06/08/2010 bonding in ethyne (acetylene) - sp1 hyb…
!
W
W
O
O
N
N
y To Main Menu . . .
y
bu
bu
to
to
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w
w
m
m
w w
w
w
o
o
.d o .c .d o .c
c u -tr a c k c u -tr a c k
chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/…/ethyne.html 4/4