Ch 14 Formula Sheet

Typical Units
Definitions Values English SI Relationships
Cf Surface Condition Factor 1.0 Lewis Bending Equation AGMA Bending Equation Bending Safety Factor
CH Hardness Ratio Factor CH = 1.0 + A' (mG - 1.0) or see chart
= =
(gear only) A' = 0 HBP/HBG < 1.2 = =
= 8.98 10 8.29 10 3 1.2 < HBP/HBG < 1.7

A' = 0.00698 1.7 < HBP/HBG Surface Durability AGMA Contact Equation Contact Safety Factor
Cp Elastic Coeficient Steel 2300 psi 191 MPa
1 1 =
Malleable Iron 2090 psi 174 MPa = + =
Nodular Iron 2050 psi 170 MPa
Cast Iron 1960 psi 163 MPa 5.0
NOTE: The choice of YN in the shaded
Aluminum Bronze 1750 psi 145 MPa area is influenced by:
4.0 YN = 9.4518 N 0.148
Tin Bronze 1650 psi 137 MPa 400 HB
Pitchline velocity
Internal Gears: = 3.0 Case carb. YN = 6.1514 N 0.1192 Gear material cleanliness
I Geometry Factor (Contact) 2 1
250 HB YN = 4.9404 N 0.1045 Residual stress

Stress-cycle factor, YN
Material ductility and fracture toughness
External Gears: = Nitrided
2 +1 2.0
YN = 3.517 N 0.0817
J Geometry Factor (Bending) See Chart + 160 HB
Qv AGMA Quality Number Typically 3-12
KB Rim Thickness Factor 1.0 YN = 1.3558 N 0.0178
YN = 2.3194 N 0.0538
Km Load Distribution Factor Km = Cmf = 1+ Cmc(Cpf Cpm + Cma Ce)
1.0 1.0
Cmc = 1 for uncrowned teeth 0.9 0.9
Cpf = F/10d - 0.025 F < 1 in 0.8 0.8
= F/10d - 0.0375 + 0.0125F 1in < F < 17in 0.7 YN = 1.6831 N 0.0323 0.7
= F/10d - 0.1109 + 0.0207F + 0.000228F 2 17in < F < 40in 0.6 0.6
Cpm = 1.0 0.5 0.5
2
Cma (see chart) 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 10 10
Ce = 1.0 Number of load cycles, N
Ko Overload Factor for uniform loading Ko = 1.0 5.0
NOTE: The choice of Z N in the shaded
KR Reliability Factor Kr = 0.658 - 0.0759 ln(1-R) 0.5 < R < 0.99
4.0 zone is influenced by:
= 0.50 - 0.109 ln(1-R) 0.99 < R < 0.9999
Rel. = 0.999 | KR = 1.50 Rel. = 0.90 | KR = 1.00 Lubrication regime
3.0 Failure criteria
Rel. = 0.99 | KR = 1.25 Rel. = 0.50 | KR = 0.70
Ks Size Factor 1.0 Smoothness of operation required

Stress-cycle factor, Z N
Pitchline velocity
KT Temperature Factor 1.0 2.0 Gear material cleanliness
Kv Dynamic Factor B = 0.25(12-Qv)2/3; A = 50+56 (1-B) Material ductility and fracture toughness
ZN = 2.466 N 0.056
+ Residual stress
= or see chart V = ft/min
ZN = 1.4488 N 0.023
mN Load Sharing Ratio 1.0 1.1
1.0
Sc Allowable Contact Strength Grade 1 T-H Steel: Sc = 322 HB + 29,100 psi Pa 0.9
Nitrided
Grade 2 T-H Steel: Sc = 349 HB + 34,400 0.8
ZN = 1.249 N 0.0138
St Allowable Bend Strength Grade 1 T-H Steel: St = 77.3 HB + 12,800 psi 0.7
Grade 2 T-H Steel: St = 102 HB + 16,400 0.6
YN Stress Cycle Factor (Bending) See Chart 0.5
ZN Stress Cycle Factor (Contact) See Chart 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 1010
Number of load cycles, N
 1.14
Pinion addendum 1.000 1.7
Gear addendum 1.000

Addendum
1.12

HBG
HBP
1.6

1.000
0.60 0.60

Load applied at highest point

Calculated hardness-ratio,
Whole depth
1.10 1.5

of single-tooth contact
2.400

Hardness-ratio factor, CH
0.55 1000 0.55
170
85 1.08 1.4
0.50 20 50 0.50
0.35 rT 35
25 1.3
1.06
Geometry factor J

17
0.45 0.45
Generating rack 1 pitch 1.2
Number of teeth
in mating gear 1.04
0.40 0.40
When
1.02 HBP
< 1.2,
0.35 0.35 HBG
Use CH = 1
1.00
0.30 0.30 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Single reduction gear ratio mG
Load applied at tip of tooth
0.25 0.25
Qv = 5
1.8 Qv = 6
0.20 0.20
1.7
Qv = 7

12 15 17 20 24 30 35 40 45 50 60 80 125 275 1.6

Dynamic factor, Kv
Qv = 8
Number of teeth for which geometry factor is desired 1.5

Qv = 9
1.4
0.90

0.80 Open gearing 1.3 Qv = 10

0.70 1.2
Qv = 11
Mesh alignment factor, Cma

0.60 Commercial enclosed gear units 1.1

Curve 1
0.50
1.0
Precision enclosed gear units 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10 000
0.40 Curve 2 Pitch-line velocity, Vt , ft min
Extra precision enclosed gear units
0.30 Curve 3 Lewis Form Factor
N 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
0.20 Y 0.245 0.261 0.277 0.29 0.296 0.303 0.309
Curve 4 N 19 20 21 22 24 26 28
0.10 Y 0.314 0.322 0.328 0.331 0.337 0.346 0.353
For determination of Cma , see Eq. (1434) N 30 34 38 43 50 60 75
0.0 Y 0.359 0.371 0.384 0.397 0.409 0.422 0.435
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 N 100 150 300 400 Rack
Face width, F (in) Y 0.447 0.46 0.472 0.48 0.485