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Trinh bay:
COOC H3
-r 3Br2 r 1111ir
CH3COOC H=C H2 + Br2 > CH3COOCHBr-CH2Br
> Chan dap an B.
A.2 B.5
C.4 D.3 Br
Phdong trinh phan dng (dk: t): (HCOONH4), methyl fomiat (HCOOCH3). Tat Oa cac chat
trong day nay du c6 nhOm -CHO nen CO phan ang
CH-a-CH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 > CAgCAgl, + 2NH4NO3
trang guting.
CH4-CH=CH2 + AgNO3 + NH3 > AgC4-CH=CH2 +
Cac day chat cOn lai c6 nhang chat khOng c6 nhOm
NH4NO3
-CHO ne'n khOng cO phan ang trang gifting la:
CI-1C-CH2-CCH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 > CApC-CH2- acethylen, ethyl acetat, saccarozo.
+ 2NH4NO3
> Chon dap an D.
Chon dap an B.
Vi do 5: Cho cac chat: (1) acethylen; (2) but-2-in ;
VI do 2: Cho day cac chat: aldehyd acetic, acethylen, (3) methyl fomiat; (4) glucozo; (5) methyl acetat, (6)
glucozo, acid acetic, methyl acetat. S6 chat trong day c6 fructozo, (7) amonifomiat. S6 chat tham gia ph5n
kha nang tham gia phan ang trang bac la: trang gticing la:
A.2 B.4 A.5 B.4
C.5 D.3 C.6 D.3
Hueng an: Hu'dng an:
Chat c6 phan ang trang bac la chat CO chilc -CHO. Trong s6 cac chat de cho, c6 4 chat cO kha nang
Suy ra trong s6 cac chat tren c6 hai chat tham gia tham gia phan ang trang guong la (3), (4), (6), (7).
phan t'ing trang gong la aldehyd acetic va glucozo.
Cac chat (3), (4), (7) trong phan tif c6 nhOm -CHO
> Chon dap an A. nen c6 phan ang trang goong. Chat (6) tuy khOng cO
nhOm -CHO nhiing trong mOi tring kim lai chuyen
Vi do 3: Cac chat trong day nao sau day du tao ke't hda thanh hop chat c6 nhOm -CHO nen cOng c6 phan
tita khi cho tac dung vdi dung dich AgNO3 trong NH3 du',
ang trang gdOng.
dun n6ng?
> Chgn dap an B.
A. Vinylacethylen, glucozo, dimethylacethylen
B. Vinylacethylen, glucozo, acid propionic 4. Xac dinh chit him tan Mc Cu(OH)2
C. Vinylacethylen, glucozo, aldehyd acetic NhOsng hp chat hi.tu cd co kha nang hOa tan ddoic
D. Glucozo, dimethylacethylen, aldehyd acetic Cu(OH)2 bao gam:
- Cac hOp chat c6 it nhat hai nhOm -OH lien k6.
Hu'dng dgn: Dung dich thu diroc cO mau xanh tham.
Day gm cac chat du tao ke't tita khi cho phan ifng - Acid carboxylic. Dung dich thu dtioc c6 nnau
voi AgNO3/NH3 la: vinylacethylen, glucozo, aldehyd acetic. xanh nhat.
> Chon dap an C. - Peptit c6 tif 2 lien ke't peptit tra len. Dung dich thu
ddOc CO mau tim.
Vi do 4: Day g6m cac chat du phan ang ddOc vOi
AgNO3/NH3 tao ra kim loai Ag la: Vi do 1: Cho cac chat: rdou (alkol) ethylic, glycerin
A. Benzaldehyd, aldehyd ocalic, ethyl fomiat, ethyl (glycerol), glucozo, dimethyl ete va acid fomic. S6 chat
acetat tac dung ddOc vai Cu(OH)2 la:
B. Benzaldehyd, aldehyd ocalic, saccarozo, methyl A.2 B.3
fomiat C.1 D.4
C. Acethylen, aldehyd ocalic, ethyl fomiat, methyl fomiat
Htidng an:
D. Benzaldehyd, aldehyd ocalic, amoni fomiat,
methyl fomiat NI-fang chat hOO cd tac dung ddOc vOi Cu(OH)2 nhiet
dO thodng la: acid carboxylic, Nip chat co it nhat 2
Hueng an: nhOm -OH lien ke nhau. Suy ra trong cac chat tren, c6
Day g6m cac chat du phan ang duoc vdi ba chat phan ang duoc vdi Cu(OH)2 la glycerol, glucozo,
AgNO3/NH3 tao ra kim loai Ag la: benzaldehyd acid fomic.
(C6H5CH0), aldehyd ocalic (OHC-CHO), amoni fomiat > Chon dap an A.
Vi du 2: Cho cac chat: saccarozo, glucozo, frutozo, Suy ra: Mau xanh xuat hien 6 cac thi nghiem (2),
ethyl fomiat, acid fomic va aldehyd acetic. Trong cac (3), (4).
chat tren, s6 chat vita ca kha nang tham gia phan Nig Chon dap an B.
trang bac vita c6 kha nang phan (mg vdi Cu(OH)2
digu kien thiiting la: 5. Xac Binh chit phin Ong viii dung dich kigm
A.4 B.3 (NaOH, KOH...)
C. 2 D. 5 Nhang hop chat hal co cO kha nang phan ang vOl
dung dich kiem (NaOH, KOH...) bao Om:
Hueng din:
- Phenol, acid carboxylic, este, chat beo, amino acid,
Cac chat vita CO kha nang tham gia phan trang nnu6i amoni, peptit, protein, polieste, poliannit.
gOdng, vita cO kha n5ng phan drig dooc vOl Cu(OH) 2
nhiet dO thoting thi phai thoa man hai dreu kin: VI du 1: Cho day cac chat: phenol, anilin, phenyla-
Thit nhat, trong phan tI phai CO nhOnn -CHO ho5c CO moni chlorua, natri phenolat, ethanol. S6 chat trong day
the chuygn hOa thanh hop chat cO nhOrn -CHO trong phan dng duoc vOi NaOH (trong dung dich) la:
mOi truting NH3. A.2 B.4
Thd hai, phai la alkol da chdc CO it nhat hai nh6m C.1 D.3
-OH lidn kd hoc phai CO nhOrn -COOH. Thda man
d6ng thdi ca hai dieu kin nay chi CO glucozo, frutozo Hueng din:
va acid fomic. Trong cac chat dO cho, CO hai chat phan (Mg dodc
Vay s6 chat vita ca kha nang tham gia phan iing vdi dung dich NaOH la phenol, va phenylamoni chlorua.
trang bac vita cO kha nang phan (mg vdi Cu(OH)2 6 Phiicing trinh phan (mg:
(Wei] kien thodng la 3. C6H5OH + NaOH > C6H5ONa + H20
Ghon dap an B. C6H5NH3CI + NaOH > C6H5NH2 + NaCl + H20
Vi du 3: Ti6n hanh cac thi nghiem sau: > Chon dap an A.
(1) Cho Cu(OH)2 vao dung dich 'Ong Wing triing. Vi du 2: Cho day cac dung dich: acid acetic, pheny-
(2) Cho dung dich iod vao dung dich ho tinh bOt lamoni chlorua, natri acetat, nnethylamin, glycin, phenol
nhiet dO thoting. (C6H5OH). S6 dung dich trong day tac dung ditdc vdi
(3) Cho Cu(OH) 2 vao dung dich glycerol. dung dich NaOH la:
(4) Cho Cu(OH)2 vao dung dich acid acetic. A.5 B.6
(5) Cho Cu(OH)2 vao dung dich propan -1,3-diol. C.3 D.4
Mau xanh xuat hien 0 nhang thi nghiem nao? Hu'dng
A. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) B. (2), (3), (4), (5) S6 chat tac dung ditdc vdi dung dich NaOH la 4,
C. (2), (4), (5) D. (2), (3), (4) Om: acid acetic, phenylamoni chlorua, glycin, phenol.
Phdcing trinh phan (mg:
Hueng
CH3COOH + NaOH > CH3COONa + H20
Phan (Mg cOa Cu(OH)2 vai dung dich lOng tring
triing tao ra dung dich phdc nnau tim. C6H5NH3CI + NaOH > C6H5NH2 + NaCI + H20
Phan dng dm dung dich iod vdi dung dich ho tinh H2NCH2COOH + NaOH > H2NCH2COONa + H20
bOt tao ra dung dich mau xanh. C6H5OH + NaOH > C6H5ONa + H20
Phan iing cOa Cu(OH)2 vdi dung dich glycerol tao ra > Chon dap an D.
dung dich phitc mau mau xanh tham.
Vi du 3: Cho cac chat: ethyl acetat, anilin, alkol
Phan iing cOa Cu(OH)2 voi dung dich acid acetic tao
(Wu) ethylic, acid acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni chlorua,
ra mu6i (CH3C00)2Cu CO mau xanh nhat.
alkol (ruou) benzylic, p-crezol. Trong cac chat nay, s6
Cu(OH)2 khOng phan dng clitoc vdi dung dich propan- chat tac dung ditOc vai dung dich NaOH la:
1,3-diol.
(d) Glycin (H2NCH2COOH) phan (mg dkkc vdi dung Cac phat bigu cOn lai du sai.
dich NaOH. KhOng thg phan bit benzen, toluen va stiren bang
S6 phat bigu dung la: dung dich nu& Br2, vi chi c6 stiren phan ung lam mat
A.3 B.4 mau nutic brom.
C. 1 D.2 Cac este du rat it tan trong nubc.
NU thorn caa chugi chin la mUi cUa este iso - amy
Hudng lacetat.
Ca 4 phat bigu du - Chon dap an C.
- Chon dap an B.
Vi di) 4: Diu nao sau day sai?
VI di 2: Cho cac phat bidu sau: A. ling Arai cdng Mac phan ta C4F18 CO 3 alkel
(a) Glucozo duoc goi la dikng nho do cO nhigu trong mach ha.
qua nho chin. B. Tach rinOt phan tif H2 tii buthan thu dkkic 3 alkel.
(b) Chat beo la dieste dm glycerol vai acid beo. C. Cho propen di qua dung dich H3PO4 thu dim 2 alkol.
(c) Ph5n tii amilopectin c6 cgu truc mach phan nhanh. D. Dgt chay bat kl met alkel nao du thu dkkc s6 mol
(d) nhiet dO thuting, triolein 6 trang thai ran. nudc va s6 mol CO2 nhic nhau.
(e) Trong m5t ong chira nhigu fructozo. Hiking din:
(f) Tinh bet la met trong nhiing laing thuc co ban Trong cac phat bigu da cho, phat bigu sai la "Ling
dia con ngudi. vdi cOng thac phan tit C4H8 c6 3 alkel mach h6".
S6 phat bigu dung la: Thijc t6, ang vdi c6ng thac phan tc C4H8 ca 4 dong
A.4 B.6 phan alkel mach h6.
C.5 D.3 Cac Oat bigu c6n lai du dung.
Hudng - Chon dap an A.
S6 phat bigu di:mg la 4, bao gem (a), (c), (e), (f). VI du 5: Cho cac phat bigu sau:
- Chon dap an A. (a) Cac chat CH3NH2, C2H5OH, NaHCO3 du c6 kha
nang phan ang vOi HCOOH.
Vi da 3: Phat bigu nao sau day la diing?
(b) Phan ang thg brom vao vOng benzen dm phe-
A. Tat ca cac este du tan t6t trong nutic, khOng nol (C81-150H) de hon cOa benzen.
dec, duoc dung lam chat tao hung trong c6ng nghigp
thuc phann, m9 pham. (c) Oxy h6a kh6ng hoan toan ethylen la pinfOng phap
hien dal dg sari xugt aldehyd acetic.
B. Phan ang giaa acid acetic vdi alkol benzylic (6
digu kin thich hop), tao thanh benzyl acetat CO mUi (d) Phenol (C81-150H) tan it trong ethanol.
thOm dia chugi chin. Trong cac phat bigu tren, s6 phat bigu di:mg la:
C. Trong phin Ong este haa gi6a CH3COOH vi A.2 B. 1
CH3OH, H20 tao nen tit -OH trong nhom -COOH caa C.3 D.4
acid va H trong nhom -OH caa alkol.
D. Dg phan biet benzen, toluen va stiren (6 digu kin Hiking din:
thing) bang phu'Ong phap 116a hoc, chi can ding thutic Trong cac phat bigu tren, cO 3 phat bigu dung la:
thic la raft brom. (a) Cac chat CH3NH2, C2H5OH, NaHCO3 du cO kha
Hu'dng din: nang phan (mg vdi HCOOH.
Phat bigu dung la "Trong phan ang este h6a giiia PhUOng trinh phan (mg:
CH3COOH vdi CH3OH, H20 tao nen til -OH trong nhOm HCOOH + CH3NH2 HCOOH3NCH3NCH3
-COOH ch acid va H trong nhOm -OH dm alkol". HCOOH + C2H5OH (t, xt) =4 . HCO0C2H5 + H20
4r)
Hon, hoc & eng dung
Ss' 08 (284)/2017
igeaii," 4,1 vaIc w, oWalZI
HCOOH + NaHCO3 HCOONa + CO2 + H20 k 16n hon hoc bang 4.
(b) Phan (mg the' brom vao vOng benzen dm phe- Chgn dap an D.
nol (C6H5OH) cre hon dia benzen.
VI du 7: Cho Ian 16Ot Na, dung dich NaOH vao cac
Trong phan tir phenol, do anh Wong cOa nhOm -OH chat phenol, acid acetic, aldehyd acetic, alkol ethylic. S6
clan vOng benzen nen mat dO electron tren vOng ben- ln c6 phan 6ng xay ra la:
zen 6 cac vi tri 2, 4, 6 tang len, dan clan phan ling the'
Br vao vOng benzen dm phenol de hon dia benzen. A.3 B.4
(c) Oxy rufia kh6ng hoan toan ethylen la phuOng phap C. 5 D.6
hien dai san xuat aldehyd acetic. Hudng
Phuting trinh phan (Mg: S6 Ian phan (mg xay ra la 5, cu thg la:
2CH2=CH2 + 02 (t, xt) 2CH3-CHO 2Na + 2C6H50H 2C6H5ONa + H2
Chon dap an C. 2Na + 2CH3COOH 2CH3COONa + H2
HUY HOANG
I. KIN THCfC vf LIEN KET HOP( HOC VA au TAO hinh thanh thuOc loai lien 1dt ion, lien Wat cOng ita tri
PHAN ill ca ckic hay lien k5t cOng h6a tri khOng ckic.
Khi khOng CO gia tri dO am diOn, d5 xac dinh dang
1. Phan tit ettyc hinh thenh lien ta ca the dva vao: lien kel gitla phi kim - phi
La do cac lien h6a hoc, ty theo cach thac cac kim la lien keI cOng h6a ti, tilting hop lien keit pia
nguyen ti lien k5t vdi nhau ma ngudi ta chia thanh ba cac nguyen tic trong don chat thi la lien 1dt Ong h6a
loai lien k5t h6a hoc co ban: lien Wat ion, lien k5t Ong tri khOng phan cvc cOn lien k5t kim loai - phi kim
h6a tri va lien Wat kim loai (trong pharn vi bai nay thudng la lien Wat ion.
khOng xet lien 1dt kim loai)
3. Ciu tao phn tit
2. Hien de Am Alen va lien kel Ilea hoc a. Ski lai h6a cUa mOt nguyen tO la ski to' hop cac AO
a. Lien kel ion la lien kel dtkic hinh thanh nhd lic h6a tri cOa nguyen tO d6 0 trang trial co ban hoc kich
hOt tinh dien dia cac ion trai dau. thich sao cho tao dirOc so' AO lai h6a bang dOng s6 AO
Lin/ .)%.. Lien k5t ion chi dudc hinh thanh kim
t6 hop nhung c6 nang luong Wong cluong nhau, tao dieu
loai dign hinh va phi kim din hinh. kien thuan lOi cho viec xen ph6 vdi AO h6a tri cUa cac
nguyen tif xung quanh de hinh thanh cac lien k5t Ong
b. Lien kel Ong h6a tri (CHT) la lien 1dt dvoc tao nen hod tri b5n vEing. Bao gm cac dang lai h6a:
giVa hai nguyen tii bang mOt hay nhi5u cap electron
dung chung. Lai h6a sp (thing): 1A0s + 1A0p 2A0sp
- Lien Wat cOng h6a tri kh6ng phan ckic la lien k5t Lai h6a sp2 (tam giac): 1A0s + 2A0p 3A0sp2
cOng h6a tri trong dO e chung 0 khoang girta hat nhan Lai h6a sp3 diOn): 1A0s + 3A0p 4A0sp3
hai nguyen t tham gia lien ke.t. Va mOt dang khac nhv sp3 d (thap d6i day tam
- Lien WA Ong hija tri phan CIJC la lien kel cOng hoa giac), sp3c12 (bat Olen)...
tri trong d6 e chung lech mOt ph5n v6 phia nguyen tO b. M6 hinh VSEPR (Valence Shell Electronic Pair
c6 TO am din Ian hon. Repusion): Xet phan tit AXmEn trong dO nguyen tif X
- Lien k5t cang phan cot khi hieu dO am diOn giVa lien kel v6i nguyen tV trung tam A bang nhEing lien k5t
hai nguyen tO cang kin. 6 va n cap electron khOng lien kel hay cap electron w
- Si chenh lech dO am diOn gii3a hai nguyen tO (A) do (CO th5 1 electron) E.
va (B) giup ta dij doan loai lien Icel. Khi dO:
Xet 2 nguyen tif A va B ca dO am diOn 15n IvOt la m + n = 2 > A lai h6a sp
)(A, HIOU di) am dien Ax = XA ZB > Phan tV c6 cau trOc thang
Hieu AO Am Alen 1-0@i lien leet m + n = 3 -4 A lai h6a sp2
0 Ax < 0,4 Lien 1dt CHT khOng cvc -4 Phan tV c6 cau trtic tam giac phng
0,4 Ax <1,7 Lien k5t CHT c6 cot m + n = 4 A lai h6a sp3
Ax 1,7 Lien kel ion Phan tO ca cau trUc tif diOn
Nhki vay dva vao hieu dO am diOn giOa hai nguyen - Kinh nghiem:
tO tham gia lien k5t ca th5 do doan dmic mOt lien ke't
CIO
H6a Iwc & ling dung
Ss' 08 (284)/2017
`..g.e 4 k d 4c ea men Aillt
> do tren N c6n 1 cap e chin lien kit nen phan tii + 2 lien kit 0-N phan cijc yfi v6 phia 0, t6ng hop
NH3 CO ciu tao thap tam giac. 2 vec to m6 men liffing ckfc dm 2 lien kit nay ta dUctc
vec to khac vec to khOng, \fay phan tii NO2 phan cijc.
Nh4n xet:
Dang hinh hQc gi6ng nhau, lien kit O-S phan cuc
manh hon lien kit O-N nen vec to m6 men lildng ckic
trong phan t SO2 Idn hOn trong phan t11 NO2. NhU vay
+ 3 lien kit N-H phan cuc manh ve phia N, t6ng hOp SO2 phan cijc manh bon NO2.
3 vec to nnO men lifdng cijc ch 3 lien kit nay ta dUoc
vec to khac vec to khOng, vay phan tif NH3 phan cuc. Bai 8: Hay cho dang hinh hoc phan tit dm CAI
va C2H2. Cho biit phan tit nao phan cijc, phan tif nao
- Xet phan ti CH thu6c dang AX4E0
khOng phan cuc.
m + n = 4 > C lai h6a sp3 phan tir CH4 c6 ciu
triic tf dien. Hu'dng din:
- Xet phan C2H4 thu6c dang AX3E0
m + n = 3 --4 C lai h6a sp2 C2H4 CO tao dung
tam giac phang:
(
+ 4 lien kit C-H phan cuc yfi v6 phia C, t6ng hOp
4 vec to nnO men ladng cuc dm 4 lien kit nay ta &Kt + Lien kit C-H phan cuc yiu v6 phia C, t6ng hop 4
vec to khOng, vay phan tit CH khOng phan vec to m6 men Wang cijc dm 4 lien kit nay ta duoc vec
to khOng, vay phan t CH khOng phan cuc.
Bai 7: Hay cho dung hinh hoc phan tir dm SO2 - Xet phan tI C2H2 thu6c dang AX2E0
va NO2 . Ti d6 so sanh d6 phan cuc phan t cOa chOng.
m + n = 2 > C lai h6a sp
Hudng din: - C2H2 CO CU tao dang thang:
- Xet phan tif SO2 thu6c dang AX2E1
m + n = 3 -4 S lal h6a sp2 -4 do tren S cOn 1 cap
e chin lien kit nen phan tit SO2 CO tao dang chit
V nguoc: + Lien kit C-H phan cuc v phia C, t6ng hop 2 vec
to nnO men lifdng cijc ciia 2 lien kit nay ta duoc vec to
khOng, vay phan tit C2H2 khOng phan cuc.
Sau khi trang bi cho hoc sinh kian thCic v6 c6u tao Hinh 1
phan tc va lien kat h6a hoc, In& tigp theo gido vien
trang bi cho hoc sinh kian thilc v6 tinh tan trong mat a. Xac djnh m6i khi trong tising 6ng nghienn A, B,
C, D.
s6 dung mOi.
b. Them vai giot dung djch NaOH vao chau B,
Quy luat chi phi tinh tan "Gi6ng nhau thi tan vao
nhan thay muc nu& trong 6ng nghiem B dang cao
nhau": Chat phan ckic tan t6t trong dung mOi phan cuc,
hon. Giai thich.
khOng tan trong dung moi khOng phan cuc. Chat khOng
phan ckic tan t6t trong dung mOi khOng phan ckic va c. Ngu thay nifdc trong chau B bang dung dich nudc
kh6ng tan trong dung mOi phan cot. Br2 thi muc nutic trong Cing nghiem Se thay d6i nhu
thg nao? Giai thich.
Ngoai Si,! phan ckic phan ti:i thi kha nang tao lien kat
hydro cling anh rang rat Ion clan tinh tan c6a m6t s6 Hudng din:
chat trong dung mOi
V6i bai toan nay gido vier' khOng chi kidm tra kian
1. Bai toan nhan thdc thac v6 tinh tan ma cOn ding c6 kign thac v6 tinh ch'it
acid bazo c6a cac khi.
Bai 1: Neu nnOt s6 cach phan biet hai khi CO2 va SO2 a. Giao vien cho hgc sinh thao luan dg tim ra cac khi.
dung trong hai binh mat nhan.
- Xet ve dO phan cuc phan tic ta thay: NH3 va HCI
Gido vien cho hoc sinh thao luan tim ra mOt s6 cach. la nhCing phan phan ckic manh, nen tan t6t trong
1. Do vao tinh acid - bazo: SO2 la oxit acid manh nubc do dO notic trong 6ng nghiem sO dang cao hon.
hon CO2 nen dung quji nhan ra SO2 lam am NH3 cO tinh bazo nen dung dich thu cluoc CO pH > 7,
h6a dO, trong khi CO2 thi khOng. vay 6ng C chaa NH3, HCI tan vao nutic tao dung dich
2. DO vao tinh on, h6a - SO2 CO tinh trong acid manh (pH = 1), vay 6ng D chaa HCI. COn phan tir
khi CO2 thi khOng, nen ta dung dung djch nudc bronn SO2 phan cuc y6u lion NH3 va HCI nen tan it hcin, nUoic
dg nhan ra SO2 lam mat mau yang (hoc dung dung trong 6ng nghiem dang it hon, SO2 khi tan vao niiOc tao
dich KMnO4). ra dung djch acid ygu (pH = 5) do dO 6ng B thing SO2.
Cu6i ding N2 khOng phan cuc nen khOng tan trong not
CO thg hoc sinh chi dua ra cluoc hai cach tren, gido nen nific trong 6ng nghiem khOng clang len vay 6ng
vien gOi jr hoc sinh tic duy theo phan tif SO2 A chaa N2.
phan ckic manh con CO2 khOng phan ckic nen kha nang
b. Trong chau B cO can bang:
tan trong nutic c6a hai khi nhu thg nao? ta chi
clUng midc CO phan bit &roc hai khi tren khOng? N6u SO2 + H20 =
4 . H2503; H2S03 -4-7 H+ + HS03-
doc cach tign hanh nix( thg nao? Tt d6 hoc sinh CO HS03- H+ + S032-
cach nhan bigt tha 3.
Khi them NaOH vao chau B thi OH- sO trung h6a H+
3. DO vao tinh tan: SO2 tan t6t cOn CO, It tan nen trong dung djch:
ta Op nguoc hai 6ng nghiem chaa hai khi vao attic, 6ng
H+ + OH
-- +; H20
nao nutic dang cao hon dO l SO2.
lam cho can bang sau chuygn djch sang phai:
SO2 + H20 S032- + 2H+
ve dVai day:
Hinh ve ma ta thi nghienn de chang minh
A. Tinh tan nhieu trong nvac cOa HCI
B. Tinh bazo cOa NH3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
C. Tinh tan nhi6u trong ntrac ca NH3
Vay cac binh a, b, c, va d Ian Ivot chaa cac D. Tinh acid cOa HCI
A. SO2, HCI, 02, H2S B. HCI, SO2, 02, H2S Hu'dng din:
C. H2S, HCI, 02, SO2 D. 02, H2S, HCI, SO2 Nitc phun manh len, char-1g tO khi X tan rat t6t trong
Hddng din: wk. Do dung dich X lam phenolphtalein h6a dO nen
dung dich X cO tinh bazo, vay X la NH3. Day la thi
Phan tif HCI phan cvc manh nhgt nen tan t6t nhat,
nghiem de chi-mg minh tinh tan nhieu trong nuac cOa
rustic trong 6ng dang cao nhat nen binh b chrla HCI.
NH3 > Chon dap an C.
Phan tV 02 khOng phan cvc nen tan kern nhat, nvac
trong binh dang thap nhat, vay binh c chEra 02. Bai 4: Khi cho Br2 tan vao nvoc tao dung dich ntiac
Can SO2 phan ckic manh kin H2S (ding CO CU tao brom c6 mau yang. Cho mat it benzen vao [vac brom
phan tO dang chi? V, nhung lien ket S=0 phan cvc [Ian tren roi lac ki sau dO de yen. Hien tong quan sat
lien ket S-H, do dO phan tic SO2 phan ckic manh han dikic la:
phan tO H2S) nen SO2 tan t6t han H25, binh chVa SO2 A. NVac brom darn mau hon.
nilac clang cao hon binh chtla H2S, vay binh a chaa
B. Dung dich Tong nhgt khOng mau.
SO2, binh d chaa H2S.
Chon dap an A. C. Phan hai Idp: Irip Iran mau nau do, lop dtrai
khOng may.
Bai 2: Tien hanh thi nghienn nhv hinh ye. Khr A D. Phan hai lap: lap tren khOng mau, lap dual mau
trong binh cO the la khi nao &cal day? nau dO.
t
Kb, A
Hudng din:
71 Dung dich
Khi cho benzen vao dung dich nvac brom, benzen
"i ma do khOng phan cvc nen khOng tan trong mirk, bezen nhe
hon ntiac nen n6i ren tren flock phan thanh hai lap.
Nut.c co
_ pha guy hm Phan t6 Br2 khOng phan ck.rc nen tan t6t trong benzen
la dung mai khOng phan cvc, va tan kern hon trong nvac,
do d6 khi cho benzen vac) toan b0 Br2 Se chuyen tO int&
A. SO2 B. HCI sang benzen, ket qua lap tren phan benzen CO mau nau
C. NH3 D. H2S d6 cOa brom cOn lap dual Oran nu& khOng CO mau.
Hudng din: Chon dap an C. v
CID
H6a 119c & Ting dung
5008 (284)/2017
12-1 4 kg Avc fa me* OW;
T
rong khi giii toan hOa hoc, chUng ta thding BM 2: Trgn 200m1 dung dich gm H2SO4 0,05M va
gap nIfing bai toan cO nhieu phuong trinh hOa HC1 0,1M vdi 300m1 dung dich Ba(OH)2 a mol/lit thu
hgc a clang phan tit khac nhau, nhung ban chgt duoc m gam kel tua va 500m1 dung dich cO pH = 13.
phuong trinh ion gigng nhau. Khi dO viec giai bai tap Tinh gia tri ca a va m.
dua vao cac phaing trinh hOa hoc dang phgn tit se
gap nhigu phac tap va dai dOng, thay vi phai vigt nhieu Bai giai: H+ + OH- -> H20 (1)
phuong trinh phan ti chi cgn vigt mgt Owing trinh ion nH+ = 0,2 x (0,05 x 2 + 0,1) = 0,04mol
thu ggn, do dO viec giai Wan se don gian va nhanh now = 0,3 x 2 x a = 0,6a(mol)
gon hon.
Dung dich thu dUgc CO pH = 13 la m6i taking bazo
1. Bai tap a pan eng trung ha nen OH- du sau phan Cing (1).
pH = 13 -> [H+]=10-13 -> [OW] = 10-1 = 0,1M
Bai 1: Dung dich A chila HCI va H2SO4 vol ti le moi
la 3 : 1. Dg trung hOa 100m1 dung dich A cgn 50m1 noH- d, nOW ban dgu = 0,6a - 0,04
dung dich NaOH 0,5M. [OW]d, = (0,6a - 0,04) : 0,5 = 0,1 - a = 0,15M
a. Tinh n6ng dg mol/lit cOa HG! va H2SO4. nBa2+ = 0,3 x 0,15 = 0,045mol
b. 200m1 dung dich A trung hOa hgt bao nhieu ml ns042- = 0,2 x 0,05 = 0,01mol
dung dich B chila NaOH 0,2M va Ba(OH)2 0,1M? Ba2+ + S042- BaSO4
c. Tinh t6ng kh6i Wong mu6i thu duoc sau phan Ung Ban du 0,045 0,01
giiia dung dich A va dung dich B.
Phan Ung 0,01 0,01 0,01
Bai Oak
mBaso4 - 0,01 x 233 = 2,33 gam.
a. H+ + OH- -> H20 (1)
now = nNaOH = 0,05 x 0,5 = 2,5 x 10-2mo1 Bai 3: X la dung dich H2SO4 0,02M. Y la dung dich
NaOH 0,035M. Phai trgn dung dich X va dung dich Y
Trong 100m1 dung dich A, goi nR2934 = x(mol) theo ti le thg tich bang bao nhieu dg thu duoc dung
nHc, = 3x(mol) nH+ = 2x + 3x = 5x(mol) dich Z cO pH = 2. Col thg tich dung dich Z bang fling
(1) -> nH+ = now - 5x = 2,5 x 10-2 -> x = 5 x 10-3 thg tich cac dung dich X va Y dem trgn.
Vgy [1-1C1] = 0,15M; [H2SO4] = 0,05M Bi giai:
b. GQi V (lit) la thg tich ca dung dich B. GO a va b la thg tich dung dich X va Y (lit).
noH- = V x (0,2 + 0,1 x 2) = 0,4V H+ + OH- - H20 (1)
nH+ = 0,2 x (0,15 + 0,05 x 2) = 0,05mol nH+ = 0,02 x 2a = 0,04a; noH- = 0,035b(mol)
(1) -> nH+ = now De thu clikic dung dich Z cO pH = 2 thi H+ phai du.
-> 0,4V = 0,05 -* V = 0,125 lit = 125m1 [Hid, = 10-2M = 0,01M
c. Em = ms042- + mor + nn,a2+ + mNa, = 0,05 x 0,2 x nH+ ban du = + phan (big = nH+ du + n0H-
96 + 0,15 x 0,2 x 35,5 + 0,1 x 0,125 x 137 + 0,2 x -> 0,04a = 0,01 x (a + b) + 0,035b
0,125 x 23 = 4,3125 gam.
a:b=3:2
OH- + SO2 HS03- (3) b. Tinh thd tich dung djch NaOH 0,5M t6i thidu cgn
20H- + SO2 -> S032- + H20 (4) dung dd ket tOa toan b0 Cu2+ trong dung djch A?
Sau d6: Bi giai: a. no. = 1,92 : 64 = 0,03mol
Ca2+ + S032- -> CaS03.1. (5) = 0,16 x 0,1 = 0,016mol
0,12 0,12 nH+ = 0,1 x 0,4 x 2 = 0,08mol
Trifling hop 1: Chi xay ra phan (fig (4), tic la: Mkhf = 15 x 2 = 30 -> Khi dO la NO
now : nso2 2 3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NOT + 4H20
(4) -> nso2 = 11s032- = 0,12mol Ban du
Vs02 = 0,12 x 22,4 = 2,688 lit 0,03 0,08 0,016
Trifling hop 2: Xay ra ca phan (mg (3) va (4), tic la Phan ang
1 < n0H- : n502 < 2 0,024 0,064 0,016 0,024 0,016
OH + SO2 -> HS03 (3) b. Cu2+ + 20H- -> Cu(OH)2
(0,5 - 0,24) 0,26 0,024 0,048
20H- + SO2 -> 5032- + H2O (4) VNaoH = 0,048 : 0,5 = 0,096 lit = 96m1.
0,24 0,12 0,12
Bai 3: So sanh the tich khi NO (chgt khi duy nhgt)
(3), (4) -4 Inso2 = 0,26 + 0,12 = 0,38mo1 thoat ra trong hai trUong hop sou:
Vs02 = 0,38 x 22,4 = 8,512 lit. Trifling hop 1: Cho 6,4 gam Cu tac dung v6i 120m1
dung dich HNO3 1M.
3. BM ten v kim loni (Fe, Cu) Mc dung vi
hcfp H2SO4 va NO3 - Trudng hop 2: Cho 6,4 gam Cu tac dung voi 120 ml
lin hop dung dich HNO3 1M va H2SO4 0,5M.
BM 1: Cho 7,68 gam Cu vao 120m1 dung djch hon CO can dung dich 6 tilting hop 2 thu dipc bao nhieu
hOp (HNO3 1M va H2SO4 1M). Sau khi phan (mg xay ra gam mu6i khan.
hoar' toan thu duoc bao nhieu lit khi NO (dktc). Khi CO
can dung djch thu duoc bao nhieu gam mu6i khan? Bai gidi:
- Trifling hop 1: n, = 6,4 : 64 = 0,1mol
Bai giai:
nFiNO3 = 0,12 x 1 = 0,12mol
no, = 7,68 : 64 = 0,12mol
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NOT + 4H20
HNO3 - nH2s04 = 0,12 x 1 - 0,12mol
Ban du
-> = 0,36mo1
0,1 0,12 0,12
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- -> 3Cu2+ + 2NOT + 4H20
Phan Ung
Ban du
0,045 0,12 0,03 0,03
0,12 0,36 0,12
- TrUdng hop 2: no, = 6,4 : 64 = 0,1mol
Phan Ung
nmo3 = 0,12 x 1 = 0,12mol
0,12 0,32 0,08 0,12 0,08
nH2s04 = 0,12 x 0,5 = 0,06mol; nH+ = 0,24mo1
VN0 = 0,08 x 22,4 = 1,792 lit
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- -> 3Cu2+ + 2NO1' + 4H20
m0u504 = 0,12 x 160 = 19, 2 gam.
Ban du
Bai 2: Cho 1,92 gam Cu vao 100m1 dung djch ch6a 0,1 0,24 0,12
citing thdi KNO3 0,16M va H2SO4 0,4M, thgy sinh ra
mOt chgt khi c6 ti kh6i hlii d6i vOi H2 la 15 va thu duoc Phan UN
dung djch A. 0,09 0,24 0,06 0,09 0,06
a. Tinh thd tich khi (dktc)? (Xem Hip trang 21)
T
rong nhOng nam gan day, a thi thodng CO Tong tiJ vi du 1, chi can "digu" 0,25mol S042- theo
nhigu cau thuOc chb da kim loai tac dung vdi thO W kim loai manh tOl yfi nho sou:
dung dich mu6i. Da phan cac cau nay tOdng ZnSO4 0,1mol; FeSO4 0,075rnol; CuSO4 0,075mol
d6i kh6, rdi vao ph6 dim ti 8 - 9 dim.
Day la thanh phan cua dung dich X.
Vg clang bai tap nay, can higu ban chat dia loai
Tiap theo, dung dich X phan Ong vdi liscing dif dung
phan Ong nay don gian chi la kim loai CO tinh khO
dich Ba(OH)2, dg kat tOa thu du'Oc trong khOng khi tOl
nnanh nhOng khOng tac dung vdi nit& se day kim loai
kh6i Wong khOng d61.
yau kin ra kh6i dung dich.
Can chi] y: VI dung Wong do Ba(OH)2 nen Zn(OH)2
HQC sinh cO thg si.'i dung linh haat cac dinh luat bao
toan nho: Dinh luat bao toan kh6i loOng, Dinh luat bao bi hda tan hat va Fe(OH)2 da trong khOng khi Se bi oxy
hOa chuyan thanh Fe(OH)3.
toan nguyen t6, Dinh luat bao toan din tich, Dinh luat
bac toan electron ... da giai mOt cach de dang hon. Chat ran Om: 0,075mol Fe(OH)3; 0,075mol Cu(OH)2;
0,25 mol BaSO4.
Vi do 1: Cho 32,2 gam h6n hop bOt Zn, Cu CO ti le m = 73,625 gam -3 Chon dap an D.
mol Wong Ong la 2 : 3 vao dung dich chila 0,3mol
Fe2(SO4)3. Sau khi cac phan Ong xay ra hoar) toan, thu VI du 3: Cho hon hop bOt gonn 0,48 gam Mg va
do% m gam kim loai. Gia tri dia m la: 1,68 gam Fe vao dung dich CuCl2 r6i khugy du dan
phan ang hoan toan thu docic 3,12 gam chat ran khOng
A. 6,4 gam B. 12,8 gam
tan X. S6 mol CuCl2 tham gia phan Ong la:
C: 12 gam D. 9,6 gam
A. 0,06mol B. 0,04mol
Hudng an: nz, = 0,2mol; nc, = 0,3mol D. 0,03mol
C. 0,05mol
CO 0,3mol Fe2(SO4)3 nen ns042- = 0,9mol
Hudng an: nmg = 0,02mol; nFe = 0,03mol
VOi dang bai nay, ta chi can "digu" 0,9mol S042- theo
PIO W kim loai manh tai nhif sau: Ta CO sd do sau:
ZnSO4 0,2mol; FeSO4 0,6mol; CuSO4 0,1mol Mg, Fe + CuC12 Mg2+, Fe2+, Cl- + Cu, Fe do
NhO vay, kim loai sau phan Ong chi CO Cu. Gi s6 mol CuCl2 tham gia Oar' Ong la a(mol).
Bao than nguyen t6 Cu -> mol Cu la 0,2mol Bao toan nguyen t6 chlo: ncr = 2a(mol)
--> m = 0,2 x 64 = 12,8 gam - Chon dap an B. Bao toan nguyen t6 Mg: nmg2, = 0,02mol
Bao toan din tich: nF,2+ = (a - 0,02)mol
VI du 2: Cho h6n hop g6m 0,1 mol Zn va 0,075mo1
Fe vao dung dich chila 0,25mo1 CuSO4 clan phan Ong Ap dung Dinh luat bac) toan kh6i Wong cho kim loai ta
xay ra hoan toan, thu docic dung dich X va chat ran Y. cO: 0,48 + 1,68 + 64a = 0,48 + 56 x (a - 0,02) + 3,12
Cho toan 130 X phan Ong vdi loOng do dung dich a = 0,04mol Chon dap an B.
Ba(OH)2, da kat tOa thu dooc trong khOng khi tOi kh6i
lifcng khOng d6i can difoc m gam. Gia tri cOa m la: Vi du 4: Cho 14 gam bOt Cu vao 200m1 dung dich
AgNO3, sau mOt thdi gian phan Ong loc dooc dung dich
A. 73 gam B. 72,35 gam
A va 17,28 gam chat ran. Cho ti4 14 gam bOt Pb vao
C. 75,3 gam D. 73,625 gam dung dich A, phan Ong xong lc tach dooc dung dich
B chi chaa mOt mu6i duy nhat va 12,7 gam chat ran.
Hu'dng
Wong dO mol/lit cOa AgNO3 ban dau la:
B. 2,3M phan dung dich roi ly mu6i cho vao binh kin dem nung
C. 2,0M D. 2,4M nOng hoan toan duoc hOn hop khi X c6 ti khgi so vdi
H2 la a. Gia tri gan nhat vdi a la:
Hddng din: Ap dung Dinh luat bao toan khgi long.
A.20 B.24
Ta cO so do sau:
C.23 D.22
Cu + AgNO3 - dung dich A + 17,28 gam chat ran
Hddng din: Ti! de bai ta tinh cac s6 lieu ra:
Dung dich A + Pb Pb(NO3)2 + 12,68 gam chat ran
nFe = 0,2mol; nmg = 0,1mol
GO nOng dO mol/lit cua AgNO3 ban du la a.
nAgNO3 = 0,3mol; nc003)2 = 0,3mol
S6 mol cOa AgNO3 la 0,2a(mol).
Ta CO sO do sou:
Bao toan ngyen t6 N: s6 mol Pb(NO3)2 l 0,1a(mol).
Mg, Fe + AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2 Mg2+, Cu2 , Fe2+, NO3-
Ta ap dung Dinh luat bao toan khgi lacing cho kim + 41,2 gam chat ran.
loai cO: 14 + 0,2a x 108 + 14 = 0,1a x 207 + 12,7 +
17,28 - a = 2,2 - Chon dap an A. 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,1 y x 0,9
GQi s6 mol Fe2+, Cu2+ c6 trong dung dich san phdm
VI da 5: Cho 11,84 gam h6n hop Mg va Fe vao Ian lilt l x, y(mol).
200m1 dung dich CuCl2 1M va FeC13 xM. Kgt th6c phan
Ung thu duoc dung dich X va 18,08 gam chat ran Y. Bao toan dien tich: 2x + 2y + 0,1 x 2 = 0,9
Cho dung dich AgNO3 vao dung dich X thu dug BAo toan khgi Wong cho kim loai:
106,22 gam kgt t0a. Gi tr cOa x la: 11,2 + 2,4 + 0,3 x 108 + 0,3 x 64 = 41,2 + 0,1 x
A. 0,12M B. 0,1M 24 + 56x + 64y x = 0,1mol; y = 0,25mo1
C. 0,6M D. 0,7M SO d6 dem flung:
Hddng Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, NO3- Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, 02- + NO2, 02
Sau phan Ung ta thu dUdc 18,08 gam chat ran. Tinh 0,1 0,25 0,1 0,9 0,1 0,25 0,1 0,5 0,9 0,2
ductc cO 0,16mol Cu va 0,14mol Fe du. Bao toan nguyen t6 N: nNO2 = 0,9nnol
Ta c6 sO do: Mg, Fe + CuC12, FeC13 - dung dich X Bao toan nguyen t6 oxy: n02 = (0,9 x 3 - 0,5 - 0,9
(Mg2+, Fe2+, CI-) + Cu, Fe du x 2) : 2 = 0,2mol
Dung dich X (Mg2+, Fe2+, Cl) + AgNO3 AgCI, Ag dx,H2 = 21,73 -> Chon dap an D.
Ta tinh dUcic s6 mol dia ion Cl- la: (0,32 + 0,6x)mol
Vi du 7: Cho 24,375 gam kim loai R vao 600m1
GQi s6 mol cua ion Me l a(mol). FeCl3 1M. Sau phan ung thay chat ran X. FlOa tan hgt
Bao toan dien tich, ta CO so' mol ci'm ion Fe+ la: X vao dung dich HNO3 dac nOng thoat ra 5,04 lit khi.
Mat khac, khi ta cho 9,1 gam kim loai R vao dung dich
0,16 + 0,3x - a
chaa 0,1mol AgNO3 va 0,1mol Cu(NO3)2. Sau phan Ung
Bao toan nguyen chlo: nAgCI = nCr = 0,32 + 0,6x ta thu dtiOc m gam kgt tia Gia tri cua m la:
Chti A. 16,56 gam B. 15,92 gam
S6 mol Ag tao ra diing bang s6 mol cila ion Fe2+. C. 17,2 gam D. 19,9 gam
Dk.ta vao kh6i liking ke't ti)a ta cO: 143,5 x (0,32 + Hudng Dg tha'y dung dich ban dau la dung
0,6x) + 108 x (0,16 + 0,3x - a) = 106,22 dich FeCI3 , day la dung dich CO the hda tan dudc Cu
Ap dung Dinh luat bao toan kh6i Wong cho kim loai, (kim loai hon Fe). COn ddi vdi kim loai manh hcin
ta co: 11,84 + 56 x 0,2x = 0,14 x 56 + 24a + 56 x Fe thi c6 the' se tao ra phan (fng 2 nac dg tao ra Fe2+,
(0,16 + 0,3x - a) sau dO tao ra Fe.
x = 0,6 va a = 0,26 -> Chon dap An C. Nhu vay, 0 bai tap nay phai xet cac trildrig hop la:
VI cla 6: Cho 11,2 gam Fe va 2,4 gam Mg vao - Kim loai R manh hdri Fe.
300m1 dung dich AgNO3 1M, Cu(NO3)2 1M. Sau mOt - Kim loai R ygu hon Fe.
thdi gian thy thu ducic 41,2 gam chat ran. CO can Tru'Ong hdp 1: Kim loai R ygu hOn Fe.
totototorar)tor.)
SO' DUNG PHLICING TRiNH...
(Tiff) theo trang 18)
nNO (mono hOp 1) = 1anNO (trLONT Nip 2) Fe + 4H+ + NO3- -> Fe+ + NOT + 2H20
-> VNO (trodng hop 1)= 1/2VNo(truong hop 2) Ban du 0,02 0,4 0,08
ncu804 = nH2SO4 = 0,06mol Phan Ung
-> rricus04 = 0,06 x 160 = 9,6 gam 0,02 0,08 0,02 0,02
kook = 0,09 - 0,06 = 0,03mol
-> mcook = 0,03 x 188 = 6,64 gam Sau phan (mg
m = mc,R04 + mcook = 9,6 + 5,64 = 15,24 gam. 0 0,32 0,06 0,02
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- -> 3Cu2+ + 2NOT + 4H20
BM 4: Cho h6n hop Om 1,12 gam Fe va 1,92 gam
Ban du
Cu vao 400m1 dung dich chaa hen hop Om NaNO3
0,2M va H2SO4 0,5M. Sau khi phan Ung xay ra hoar' 0,03 0,32 0,06
toan, thu duoc dung dich X va khi NO la san pham 1(0 Phan (mg
duy nhgt. Cho V lit dung dich NaOH 1M vao dung dich
0,03 0,08 0,02 0,03
X thi Wong ke't tOa thu MI% lOn nhal. Tinh gia tri t6i
thiau dm V. Fe3+ + 30H- -> Fe(OH)3.1,
Cu2+ + 20H- -> Cu(OH)24,
Bai = 1,92 : 64 = 0,03mol
H+ + OH- -> H2O
nRe = 1,12 : 56 = 0,02mol
VNaoH = [0,02 X3 + 0,03 x 2 + (0,32 - 0,08)] : 1 =
nNO3- = 0,4 x 0,2 = 0,08mol
0,36 lit = 36m1. v
H2SO4 = 0,4 x 0,5 = 0,2mol
Chloroplast/ hat dip lc (loai thi hat ti bao xuat Chlorosulfuric acid/ Sulfuryl chloride
hien a cac phin xanh cda cac My, chtla cac sac td
Acid chlosulfuric/ Sulfuryl chlorua - SO2CI (chit long
diep lc CO chdc nang trong quang hop va tong hdp
kh6ng mau cO mill hang Ong, s6i a 693C, phan hdy
protein)
bai nu'dc nong v kiem, dung nhd chit chlo hda va
dung mei cho dc/dc phdm, thudc nhuem, td nhan tao
Chloroplast deoxyribonucleic acid/ Chloroplast
va khf dec)
genome
NGUYEN Nth DUC - Gidi thiOu w
Acid deoxyribonucleic - hat dip lc / b0 gen lc lap
A - TRUNG HOC CO Sa
Cau I: nC0 con = 1 - (X + 3y)
21(Mn04 K2IVIn04 + 02 mc02 + mco = 36
Mn02 + 4HCI MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H20 28 x (1 - x + 3y) + 44 x (x + 3y) = 36
2AI + 6HCI 2A1C13 + 3H2 x + 3y = 0,5 ( )
S + 02 SO2 Giai (*) va (**) thu x = 0,2; y = 0,1
2S02 + 02 > 2503 MFe = (0,2 + 2 x 0,1) x 56 = 22,4 gam
SO3 + H20 H2SO4 MFe0 0,2 x 72 = 14,4 gam
2AI + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 MFe203 0,1 X160 = 16 gam.
2. R2CO3 + 2HCI 2RCI + CO2 + H2O (1)
Cau II:
R'CO3 + 2HCI R'C12 + CO2 + H2O (2)
1. 3Fe + 202 (t) Fe304
nco2 = 0,3mol
Fe304 + 8HCI FeCl2 + 2FeCI3 + 4H20
Ap dung Dinh lust bac) toan kh6i !King:
FeC12 + 2NaOH > Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCI
Mmuffi carbonat MHCI = Mchlorua MCO2 + MH20
FeCI3 + 3NaOH > Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCI
30,6 + 2 x 0,3 x 36,5 = mob= + 0,3 x 44 + 18 x 0,3
4Fe(OH)2 + 02 + H20 > 4Fe(OH)31Z
nichloma = 33,9 gam.
2Fe(OH)3 (t) Fe203 + 3H20
2. Nu& vei trong dc dan, ke't tOa tang tang dan Cau IV:
d6n t6i da (max). 1. Cho CO qua A nung nOng:
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 -4 CaCO3 + H20 (1) Fe304 + 4C0 3Fe + 4CO2
Sau m6t thdi gian ke't tua tan trO Ii, sau ding CuO + CO -4 Cu + CO2
trong su6t:
Chat ran B: A1203, MgO, Fe, Cu.
CaCO3 + CO2 du + H20 Ca(HCO3 )2 (2)
chgt rn B + dung dich NaOH du:
Cho tie'p dung dich Ca(OH)2 vao dung dich vim thu
diidc. Dung dich lal dc, ke't tOa trang xuat hiOn tit lai: A203 + 2NaOH > 2NaA102 + H2O
Dung dich C: NaA102, NaOH du.
Ca(HCO3 )2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H20 (3)
Chat ran D: MgO, Fe, Cu.
Cau III: Dung dich C + dung dich HCI du:
1. a. Xac dinh thanh phan h6n hop Mt NaOH + HCI NaCI + H20
Fe0 + CO Fe + CO2 (1)
NaA102 + 4HCI > NaCI + AlC13 + 2H20
Fe2O3 + 3C0 2Fe + 3CO2 (2)
Hoc:
Sau phan Ung thu &Mc h6n hQp khi NaA102 + HCI + H20 Al(OH)3 + NaCI
> CO vh cOn du va CO2 Al(OH)3 + 31-ICI AlC13 + 3H20
b. GQi x, y la s6 mol FeO, Fe2O3 tham gia phan ring. Chat ran D + dung dich H2SO4 (lac:
Ta c6: 72x + 160y = 30,4 (*) MgO + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H20
Tri (1), (2): nco phAn Ung = X + 3y nCO2
CIO
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Trong 33,1 gam h6n hop A, goi: Nong di) phan tram ca dung dich ZnSO4 la:
nA, = x; nFe = y; ncu = z(mol) (0,2 x 161) : 101 x 100 = 31,9%
2. GO V1 va V2 Ian Jo la th tich dung dich HCI
Ta co: 27x + 56y + 64z = 33,1 (1)
0,3M va dung dich HCI 0,8M.
2AI + 3C12 -> 2AIC13 2Fe + 3C12 -> 2FeCI3
Ap dung quy t6c pha loang ta cO:
0,5 = (0,3V1 + 0,8V2) : (V1 + V2)
-> V1 : V2 = 3 : 2
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Iloa hoc & ling dung
se 08 (284)/2o17
igee4 ea va 40 ea fizefb X40121
Cau 18: _> H20 bi dien phan ben anot
(1) S6 mol e (H20 dien phan) = 0,125 - 0,1 = 0,025mo1
CuSO4 + 2NaOH -> Cu(OH)2.1,+ Na2SO4
(2) Vay dung dich sau dien phan bao g6m:
FeSO4 + NaOH -> Fe(OH)24,+ Na2SO4
Fe2+ = 0,06mol; Cu2+ = 0,06 - 0,0325 = 0,0275mol
Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH -> 2Fe(OH)3.1. + 3Na2SO4 (3)
Cu(OH)2 -> CuO + H20 (4) H+ = 0,025mol; NO3- = 0,06 x 2 + 0,06 x 3 =
0,3mol
4Fe(OH)2 + 02 -> 2Fe203 + 4H20 (5)
Na+ = 0,1 mol.
2Fe(OH)3 -> Fe203 + 3H20 (6)
Dung dich sau phan Ung
CuO + CO -> Cu + CO21' (7)
Fe(NO3)2 = 0,06 mol; Cu(NO3)2 = 0,0275mol
Fe203 + 3C0 -> Fe + 3CO21 (8)
NaNO3 = 0,1mol; HNO3 = 0,025nnol
ms (A) = 22% X 50 = 11 gam
- > Chdn dap an A.
nAg = 0,34375mol
Bao toan nguyen t6 S -> ns042- = 0,34375mo1 cau 20:
m 042- = 0,34375 x 96 = 33 gam Khi cho dung dich H2SO4 loang vao dung dich K2Cr04
Kh6i long kim loai la: m = 50 - 33 = 17 gam till dung dich tiI mau yang chuye'n sang mau da cam.
-> Chon dap an A. 2K2Cr04 + H2SO4 -> K2Cr207 + K2SO4 + H20
-> Chon dap an D.
Cau 19:
S6 mol tiing chal trong dung dich la: Cau 21:
NaCI = 0,5 x 0,2 = 0,1mol -> nci- = 0,1mol no2 = 0,3mol; nH2 = 0,3mol
Fe(NO3)3 = 0,2 X 0,3 = 0,06mol -> no+ = 0,06mol VI chgt ran tac dung Ai dung dich NaOH CO thoat
khi nen Al du.
Cu(NO3)2 = 0,2 X 0,3 = 0,06mol -> n0g2+ = 0,06mol
4AI + 302 -> 2A1203
Toan bd' qua trinh dien phan:
0,4 0,3
Catot Anot
2AI + 2NaOH + 2H20 -> 2NaA102 + 3H21
Fe3+ + le -> Fe2+ 2CI- --> Cl2 + 2e
0,2 0,3
0,06 0,06 0,1 0,05 0,1
A1203 + 2NaOH -> 2NaA102 + H20
Cu2+ + 2e -> Cu 2H20 -> 02 + 4H+ + 4e
0,025 0,025 EnAI = 0,4 + 0,2 = 0,6mol
0,06 0,12 0,06
Kh6i ludng Al = 0,6 x 27 = 16,2 gam
Kh6i liking dung dich giann bang kh6i long kim loai
sinh ra va khi thoat ra. -> Chon dap an A.
Kh6i ludng Cl2 sinh ra = 0,05 X 71 = 3,55 < 5,63 Cau 22:
6 ben catot xay ra phan dng dien phan Cu2+. Cac dipeptit (16 la: Ala-Ala, Gly-Gly, Ala-Gly, Gly-Ala
Kh6i luQng kim loai sinh ra = 5,63 - 3,55 = 2,08 -> Chon dap an D.
Gia sit Cu2 b dien phan
Cau 23:
MCu sinh ra = 0,06 x 64 = 3,84 gam > 2,08 gam
Mx = 17,4 x 2 = 34,8
-> Cu2+ chi bi dien phan 1 phan.
Goi x, y, t Ian lUdt la s6 nnoi C41-110
Cu sinh ra = 0,0325mol
-> Phan Ung 0 titng phan Ung (1) va (2) va du.
S6 mol e nhan (catot) = 0,06 + 0,0325 X 2=
C41-110 -> CH4 t + C31-16 t (1)
0,125mol
S6 mol e nhuting (anot) = 0,1 < 0,125 x x
H6n hop khi A chi con ktif N2 va NO \id s6 mol tuang 01/100,80 0,01
ang IA x, y. Kh6i lacing glucozo la: 0,0125 x 180 = 2,25 gam
GO a, b lan Idat IA s6 mol Mg, Zn trong 19,225 gam -4 Chon clap an B.
h6n hop.
ca u 28:
24a + 65b = 19,225 (1)
CH3-CI + K-CN CH3CN + KCI
Gia s phan tao mu6i NH4NO3 dng vai t(mol).
CH3CN + 2H20 > CH3COOH + NH3 t
Mg > Mg2+ + 2e N+5 + 10e > N2
X, Y Ian luot IA CH3CN va CH3COOH
a 2a 0,5 0,05
> Chon dap an B.
Zn Zn2+ + 2e N 5 + 3e NO
2b 0,15 0,05 ca u 29:
N+5 + 8e > NH4NO3 Vi dung dich chuydn sang mau d6 nen khi d6 khi vao
H20 tao dung dich CO tinh acid nen dO IA HCI
8t t
Khi IA hydro chlorua (HCI).
> 2a + 2b = 0,65 + 8t (3)
> Gimp clap An D.
Bao toan g6c NO3- = 2a + 2b + 0,05 x 2 + 0,05 +
2t = 1,2 Cau 30:
44 2a + 2h + 2t = 1,05 (4) Fe3+ + 30H- Fe(OH)34,
Tit( 1, 3, 4) 44 a = 0,3; b = 0,185; t = 0,04 Ag+ + Cl- --+ AgC14.
> %Mg = 37,45% Chon clap an D. Trong dung dich khOng ton tai dong thdi cac ion
Fe3+, OH-, Ag+, Cl- la dodc.
ca u 25:
Nen cac dung dich ton tai trong mOt dung dich la
KOH CO tinh bazo manh nhat.
Nat, Fe3+, Cl-, NO3-.
CH3NH2 va (CH3)2NH CO g6c -CH3 IA g6c dgy e nen
- Chon dap an A.
tinh bazo manh ma (CH3)2NH CO g6c hydrocarbon nhieu
han, khd nang ddy e cang manh nen tinh bazo cOa
Fe khOng ph5n (mg Ai dung dich NaOH. Nau phan ang tao mu6i sat III.
Vay chi CO the trong ding mat nhOm thing KOH Fe > Fe3+ + 3e N 5 + 3e NO
nhan Nat la Mg, A1203, Al. a 3a 0,3 0,1
Chon dap an A. 0 + 2e > 0.2
Cau 46: b 2b
HOOC-(CH2)2 -CH-NH2-COOH + 2NaOH > Na00C- B5o toan e: 3a = 0,3 + 2b (2)
(CH2)2-CH-NH2-COONa + 2H20 Tis (1,2) a = 0,27; b = 0,255
Acid gluthamic B5o toan nguyen t6 Fe:
CH3NH3HCI + NaOH CH3NH2 + NaCl + H20 nFe = nFe (B) = 0,27mo1
Methylamoni chlorua m = 56 x 0,27= 15,12 gam
CH3COOCH=CH2 + NaOH *CH3COONa + CH3CHO - KhOng cO dap an.
Vinyl acetat
Cali 48:
C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H20
1. KhOng xay ra phan (mg.
Phenol
2. Phan (mg tao S: SO2 + 2H2S 35.1- + 2H20
NH2-CH2-CO-NH-CH2-COOH + 2NaOH 2NH2-CH2-
3. AgNO3 kh6ng phan (mg vdi H3PO4.
COONa + H20
4. Phan ang tao kat tua:
Gly-Glyl
AgNO3 + HCI AgC1.1,+ HNO3
CO 5 chat tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH.
5. KhOng xay ra phan (frig.
Glyxerol va saccarozd thi kh6ng phan ang.
6. Phan Ung kh6ng cO kat tiia:
- Chon dap an B.
5502 + 2KMn04 + 5H20 3H2SO4 + K2504 + 2MnSO4
Cau 47: CO hai pi& Ung tao kat tiia.
No = 0,1mol - Chdn dap an A.
Quy d61 hem hp B Om Fe va 0 vai s6 mol Wong
ang la a, b. Cau 49:
56a + 16b = 19,2 (1) Fe2+ + 20H- Fe(OH)2,1' (1)
Bang kinh nghiem de cho mOt mu6i: NH4+ + OH- > NH31' + H20 (2)
Phan Ung tao mu6i sat II. HCO3- + OH- > C032- + H20 (4)
Fe -4 Fe2+ + 2e N+5 + 3e NO Chi c6 phan (mg:
a 2a 0,3 0,1 KOH + HNO3 KNO3 + H20 (3)
0 + 2e > 02- CO phaing trinh ion gi6ng phaing trinh d cho.
B 2b Chon dap an C.
BA toan e: 2a = 0,3 + 2b (2)
Cau 50:
TI (1,2) --* a = 0,3; b = 0,15 Kh6i ludng chat long: m = 19,5 x 0,8 = 15,6 gam
B5o toan nguyen Fe: Chi ca phenol mdi tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH nen
nFe = riFe (B) = 0,3mol Idp chat long phia tren l benzen.
m = 56 x 0,3 = 16,8 gam. Kh6i ludng phenol = 25 - 15,6 = 9,4 gam
- Chon dap an D. Chon dap an A. v
Cau 18: Tinh kha tang d5n theo tha ta tI trai qua Cau 25: 06t chay hoan toan m gam Mn hop X g6m
phai la: C3H7COOH, HO-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-0H va C4F18(NH2)2 thu
A. Na < Li < K < Cs B. Li < Na < K < Cs dadc 4,48 lit khi CO2 (dktc). Gia tn cOa m la:
C. Cs < K < Li < Na D. Cs < K < Na < Li A. 8,8 gam B. 6,0 gam
C. 6,6 gam D. 4,4 gam
Cau 19: Cho V lit khi CO2 (dktc) vao dung dich chaa
0,2mol Ca(OH)2 thu difoc 10 gam k5t taa. Gia triIOn Cau 26: Hop chat hal co X tac dung dim vdi dung
nh5t dm V la: dich KOH va dung dich brom nhang kh6ng tac dung vdi
A. 3,36 lit B. 2,24 lit dung dich KHCO,. Ton goi caa X la:
C. 6,72 lit D. 1,12 lit A. Acid acrylic B. Vnyl acetat
C. Anilin D. Alkol benzylic
Cau 20: Dung dich nao sau day lam qujr tim chuygn
mau do? Cau 27: Cho 4 kim loai Ag, Fe, Mg, Zn va 4 dung
A. Alanin B. Anilin dich ZnSO4, AgNO3, CuC12, FeSO4. Kim loai kha dadc ca
b6n dung dich mu6i la:
C. Glycin D. Acid gluthamic
A. Fe B. Zn
Cau 21: Phat bigu nao dad day v6 acid amino la C. Cu D. Mg
khOng thing:
A. Acid amino la hOp chat hau co tap chac trong Cau 28: Trong ddi sting, ngudi ta thutng sir dung
phan ta chaa Tong thdi nhOm amino va nhOm carboxyl. m6t loai may dung de' :khi d6c: cho rau, hoa qua hoc
thit ca tn.& khi sc dung. Ch5t nao sau day c6 tac dung
B. HOp ch5t H2NCOOH la acid amino don gran nhal dd ma do loai may tren tao ra?
C. Acid amino ngoai clang phan ti (H2NRCOOH) cOn A. Cl2 B. H2
cO clang ion lirong cijc (H3N+13C00-)
CO2 D.03
D. ThOng tinting dang ion lifdng cac la dang ton tai
chinh dm acid amino. Cau 29: Dung dich nao dadi day kh6ng hba tan daoc
Cu kim loai?
Cau 22: Phan ure CO c6ng thac la:
A. Dung dich Fe(NO3)3
A. (NH2)2C0 B. NH4N04
B. Dung dich NaHSO4
C. (NH4)2CO3 D. NH4HCO3
C. Dich h6n hop NaNO3 va HCI
Cau 23: Cho 150m1 dung dich Ba(OH)2 1M vao D. Dung dich HNO3
250m1 dung dich Al2(SO4)3 x(M) thu daoc 42,75 gam
keyt taa. Them tiO 200m1 dung dich Ba(OH)2 1M vao Cau 30: Cho 20 gam b6t Fe vao dung dich HNO3 va
Mn hop phan ang thl lacing taa thu &pc la 94,2375 khugy d5n khi phan ang xong thu V lit khi NO va c6n
gam. Gia tri caa x la: 3,2 gam kim loai. Vay V lit khi NO (dktc) la:
A. 0,3M B. 0,25M A. 2,24 lit B. 4,48 lit
C. 0,15M D. 0,45M C. 6,72 lit D. 5,6 lit
Cau 24: Cho day cac ch5t sau: vinyl fonniat, methyl Cau 31: Cho m gam b6t Fe tac dung vdi 175 gam
acrylat, glucozo, saccarozo, ethylamin, alanin. Phat bleu dung dich AgNO3 34% sau phan tang thu &Mc dung
nao sau day sal? dich X chi chaa hai mu6i sat va 4,5m gam ch5t ran.
A. CO 3 chg lam m5t mau nhiOc brom. Wong clO % caa Fe(NO3)2 trong dung dich X la:
B. CO 3 chal bi thay phan trong m6i truOng kiOnn. A. 9,81% B. 12,36%
C. CO 3 ch5t hau cd clan chic, mach hd. C. 10,84% D. 15,6%
D. CO 2 ch5t tham gia phan ang trang bac. Cau 32: Khi nOi v6 vi tri caa kim loai trong bang
tun hoan thl Idt luan sal la:
tarYtt3K).)
4 LOAI IRA THAO MOC NEN U6NG HANG NGAY
N
hiau ngudi khOng thich u6ng cac loai tra that) Gimg c6 chVa chat khang histannin, gip h6 tro diau
mac vi ho nghT rang nhang loai nudc nay tri cam lanh va cam COM hiau qua.
khOng ngon. Tuy nhien, hay thir nnOt s6 tra Hay thir mat tach tra Ong vdi mat ong va chanh,
thao mac rat quen thuac boi chi:mg ding v6 ding MO va ban se thay n6 mang lai Wong vi dc bit khi u6ng
vi va mang lai nhiau loi ich cho sUc khoe dm ban. nOng. Loai tra nay dac bit tuyat voi khi ding vao mita
1. Ira xanh dOng. ThUdng thac mat tach tra nOng nhu the' nay luOn
dem dan cho ban sac khoe.
Ira xanh la mat Iva chon thOng minh thay cho ca
phe b6i ham 'Yong chat ch6ng oxy h6a cao giOp giai 3. Ira cam thao
d0c co the. Tra xanh rat t6t cho Ian da cOa ban. CO Tra cam thao duoc xem la vi thu6c h6 tro tri panh
ngtidi thich u6ng tra xanh thuan trong khi nhting ho hay nhat, ngudi xua thudng dung cam thao de sac
ngudi khac lai mu6n thuang thCic tach tra xanh thom vi u6ng khi,bi ho4 suyen, trong dOng y cam thao duoc xem
chanh hoac bac ha. Keit hop hai huong vi nay ding kha la vi thuOc phO pien nhat vi chin-1g c6 tac dung diau hda
ngon ke ca khi ban u6ng nOng vao mita dOng hoac cac vi thu6c, bO ti', ich khi, giai cam.
u6ng lanh vao mita he vdi da.
4. Ira bac ha
2. Ira chanh, mOt ong va gUng
Loai tra nay dem da'n cam giac tinh tao, rat t6t cho
Theo m6t nghien dm, mat ong nguyel) chat CO tinh tieu h6a va m6t s6 trieu chang kh6 chju 0 da
khang khuan rat manh, giup lam du CO hong va Pay day. Ban cp the thirOng thac mat, tach tra bac ha 6 bat
diat vi khuan gay ra nhiem tiling. Mat ong cOn giup 136 kY thdi diem nao trong ngay de "lam mdi" lai co the
sung nhiau loai vitamin va cac khoang chat can thial ma khOng so bj mat ngit. mu6n u6ng ngot, ban c6
giCip co the doi dao sinh1Vc, tang cuting kha nang mien, the' them mat chat mat mia va tha vai vien (la la thanh
dich va ngan ngila nhiau loai banh tat, giUp cho co the mat thac u6ng rat tuyat khi trdi nOng.
It& khOe manh, cuting trang.
(Pham Hoai Van, tinh Ha Tinh - Stiu tim) v
0))
H6a hoc & eng dung
so 08 (284)/2o77
vui mei
A Ii
A
A
8 A 0
11 A
12 A
13 V A
10
11
12 1
13
(Thanh Tung) ir
C
ac nha khoa hgc 6 PhOng thi nghiem Qua trinh nay mang nhieu Liu digm hdn cac
Qu6c gia Oak Ridge, bang Tennessee, phu'Ong phap bign CO2 thanh nhien lieu khac. Chat
M9 d ve tinh phat hien met phLidng x6c tac chi% tao ra ti cac vat lieu re tin va c thg
phap ddn gian bign CO2 thanh ethanol cO the' sii phan (gig nhiet do pheng vOi yeu cu v dien
dung lam nhien lieu, theo bao cao cOng b6 tren thgp, do dO CO thg ap dung phu'ong phap nay dg me
Tap chi ChemistrySelect. Ong sari xuat 0 quy nnO cOng nghiep.
Trong khi c6 ang Um chu6i Oran (Mg ilea hdc "Qua trinh nay cho phep ban sCi dung lung
phac tap nham bign CO2 thanh nhien lieu CO ich, dien du thEia dg san xugt va tich tra ethanol",
nhOm nghien dm nhan ra met chat XOC tac ma hg Rondinone noi.
dtia vao dg th6c da'y phan Ung lai cO thg tLi thric Ethanol CO thg sI dung cho may phat dien va xe
hien toan be qua trinh nay. CO. Nh6m nghien cat.' du dinh nghien ciTh sau hUn
"Day la met kgt qua ba't ngd boi viec tao ra phan (frig bign CO2 thanh ethanol va c6 gang
ethanol tit CO2 vOi met chat xiic tac duy nhgt la rat lam tang (lieu sugt cOa nO.
(Phan Hoang Thuyen, Khoa Hda hoc, Trudng Dal hoc Si! pham Ha Ni I - Stfu tam).
BiNH THOY DGEN NANO SMART
CONG NGHE
- ThirCH Al\IH NANO PHI KIM L0/.1
Tat c cac tha nh ph6n trong kin phdm nay
hodn toein tuan the' cdc tiou chudn lien goon tdi ntidc tieing
vet du'eic kiern dinh do Wang theo TCKT.VN
Sieu Nhanh
- Cung c6,p ncidc sbi ngay sau 2 gigy.
Siu Sach
- Giam 50% cOng suat so vai may dun nu'dc truyen th6ng nhiet khdc.
Sidi] An loan