British Overseas Territories

25.09.
2017 British Overseas Territories - Wikipedia
British Overseas Territories

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 14 British Overseas Territories (BOT) are territories under the

jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom.[1][2] They are the British Overseas Territories
parts of the British Empire that have not been granted independence or
have voted to remain British territories. These territories do not form part
of the United Kingdom and, with the exception of Gibraltar, are not part of
the European Union. Most of the inhabited territories are internally self-
governing, with the UK retaining responsibility for defence and foreign Flag of the United Kingdom
relations. The rest are either uninhabited or have a transitory population of
military or scientific personnel. They share the British monarch (Elizabeth
II) as head of state.
The term "British Overseas Territory" was introduced by the British

Overseas Territories Act 2002, replacing the term British Dependent
Territory, introduced by the British Nationality Act 1981. Prior to 1
January 1983, the territories were officially referred to as British Crown
Location of the United Kingdom and the British
Colonies. With the exceptions of the British Antarctic Territory and South Overseas Territories
Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (which host only officials and
research station staff) and the British Indian Ocean Territory (used as a Largest George Town,
settlements Gibraltar, Road Town
military base), the Territories retain permanent civilian populations.
Permanent residency for the 7,000 or so civilians living in the Sovereign Languages English, Greek,
Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is limited to citizens of the Republic Spanish, Llanito,
Turkish, Portuguese
of Cyprus.
and Pitkern
Collectively, the Territories encompass a population of about 250,000 Demonym British, Briton
people and a land area of about 667,018 square miles (1,727,570 km2). Territories 14 territories
The vast majority of this land area, 660,000 square miles (1,700,000 km2),
constitutes the almost uninhabited British Antarctic Territory, while the Leaders
largest territory by population, Bermuda, accounts for almost a quarter of Monarch Elizabeth II
the total BOT population. At the other end of the scale, three territories Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson
have no civilian population; the Antarctic territory, the British Indian Minister of State Tariq Ahmad
Ocean Territory (from which the Chagos Islanders were controversially Minister of State Alan Duncan
removed) and South Georgia. Pitcairn Islands, settled by the survivors of
Area
the Mutiny on the Bounty, is the smallest settled territory with 49
Total 1,727,570 km2
inhabitants, while the smallest by land area is Gibraltar on the southern tip (667,020 sq mi)
of the Iberian peninsula.[3][4] The United Kingdom participates in the
Antarctic Treaty System[5] and, as part of a mutual agreement, the British Population
Antarctic Territory is recognised by four of the other sovereign nations 2010 estimate 250,000
making claims to Antarctic territory. Date format dd/mm/yyyy (AD)
Although the Crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man are also under the sovereignty of the
British monarch, they are in a different constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom.[6][7] The British Overseas
Territories and Crown Dependencies are themselves distinct from the Commonwealth realms, a group of 15
independent countries (and the United Kingdom) each having Elizabeth II as their reigning monarch, and from the
Commonwealth of Nations, a voluntary association of 52 countries mostly with historic links to the British Empire
(which also includes all Commonwealth realms).
As of August 2014 the Minister responsible for the Territories excluding the Falkland Islands, Gibraltar and the
Sovereign Base Areas is Tariq Ahmad, Minister of State for the Commonwealth and the UN. The other three
territories are the responsibility of Sir Alan Duncan MP, Minister of State for Europe and the Americas.[8]
Contents
1 Current overseas territories
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories 1/18
25.09.2017 British Overseas Territories - Wikipedia
1.1 Map
2 History
3 Government
3.1 Head of state
3.2 Local government
3.3 Legal system
3.4 Joint Ministerial Council
4 Relations with the United Kingdom
4.1 Foreign affairs
4.2 Citizenship
4.3 Military
5 Languages
6 Currencies
7 Symbols and insignia
8 Sports
9 Biodiversity
10 See also
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links
Current overseas territories

The fourteen British Overseas Territories are:[9]
Flag Arms Name Location Motto Area Population Capital
Akrotiri Cyprus, 255 km2 7,700 Episkopi

and Mediterranean (98 sq mi)[10] (Cypriots; Cantonment
Dhekelia Sea estimate)
8,000 non-
permanent
(UK military
personnel and
their families;
estimate)
Anguilla Caribbean, North "Strength and 91 km2 13,500 (2006 The Valley
Atlantic Ocean Endurance" (35.1 sq mi)[11] estimate)[12]
Bermuda North Atlantic "Quo fata ferunt" 54 km2 64,000 (2007 Hamilton
Ocean between (Latin; "Whither (20.8 sq mi)[13] estimate)[14]
Puerto Rico and the Fates carry
Cape Sable [us]")
Island, Canada
British Antarctica "Research and 1,709,400 km2 0 Rothera

Antarctic discovery" (660,000 sq mi)[11] 50 non- (main base)
Territory permanent in
winter, over
400 in
summer
(research
personnel)[15]
British Indian Ocean "In tutela nostra 46 km2 0 Diego

Indian Limuria" (Latin; (18 sq mi)[16] 3,000 non- Garcia
Ocean "Limuria is in permanent (base)
Territory our charge") (UK and US
military and
staff personnel;
estimate)[17]
British Caribbean, North "Vigilate" (Latin; 153 km2 27,000 (2005 Road Town
Virgin Atlantic Ocean "Be watchful") (59 sq mi)[18] estimate)[18]
Islands
Cayman Caribbean, North "He hath founded 264 km2 56,092 (2013 George
Islands Atlantic Ocean it upon the seas" (101.9 sq mi)[19] estimate)[19] Town
Falkland South Atlantic "Desire the right" 12,173 km2 2,955 (2006 Stanley
Islands Ocean (4,700 sq mi)[13] census)[20]
1,350 non-
permanent
(UK military
personnel; 2012
estimate)
Gibraltar Iberian "Nulli 6.5 km2 28,800 (2005 Gibraltar

Peninsula, expugnabilis (2.5 sq mi)[21] estimate)[22]
Continental hosti" (Latin; 1,250 non-
Europe "No enemy shall permanent
expel us") (UK military
personnel; 2012
estimate)
Montserrat Caribbean, North "A people of 101 km2 4,655 (2006 Plymouth
Atlantic Ocean excellence, (39 sq mi)[23] estimate)[23] (abandoned
moulded by due to
nature, nurtured volcano
by God" de facto
capital is
Brades)
Flag Arms Name Location Motto Area Population Capital
Pitcairn Pacific Ocean 43 km2 49 (2014 Adamstown

Islands (17 sq mi)[24] estimate)[25]
6 non-
permanent
(2014
estimate)[26]
Saint South Atlantic 420 km2 5,530 (total; Jamestown

Helena, Ocean (162 sq mi) estimate)
Ascension
and
Tristan da
Cunha,
including:
Saint "Loyal and 4,255 (Saint
Helena Unshakeable" Helena; 2008
(Saint Helena) census)[27]
Ascension 880
Island (Ascension;
estimate)[28]
1,000 non-
permanent
(Ascension; UK
military
personnel;
estimate)[28]
Tristan da "Our faith is our 300 (Tristan da

Cunha strength" (Tristan Cunha;
da Cunha) estimate)[28]
9 non-
permanent
(Tristan da
Cunha; weather
personnel)
South South Atlantic "Leo terram 4,066 km2 0 King

Georgia Ocean propriam (1,570 sq mi)[29] 99 non- Edward
and the protegat" (Latin; permanent Point
South "Let the lion (officials and
Sandwich protect his own research
Islands land") personnel)[30]
Turks and Lucayan "Beautiful by 430 km2 32,000 (2006 Cockburn

Caicos Archipelago, nature, clean by (166 sq mi)[31] census)[31] Town
Islands North Atlantic choice"
Ocean
Overall 1,727,570 km2 c. 250,000
Map
British Overseas Territories

United Kingdom
Crown dependencies
History
Early colonies, in the sense of English subjects residing in lands hitherto outside the control of the English
government, were generally known as "Plantations".
The first, unofficial, colony was Newfoundland, where English fishermen routinely set up seasonal camps in the 16th
century.[33] It is now a province of Canada known as Newfoundland and Labrador. It retains strong cultural ties with
Britain.
English colonisation of North America began officially in 1607 with the settlement of Jamestown, the first successful
permanent colony in Virginia (a term that was then applied generally to North America). Its offshoot, Bermuda, was
settled inadvertently after the wrecking of the Virginia company's flagship there in 1609, with the Virginia Company's
charter extended to officially include the archipelago in 1612. St. George's town, founded in Bermuda in that year,
remains the oldest continuously inhabited British settlement in the New World (with some historians stating that its
formation predating the 1619 conversion of "James Fort" into "Jamestown" St. George's was actually the first
successful town the English established in the New World). Bermuda and Bermudians have played important,
sometimes pivotal, but generally underestimated or unacknowledged roles in the shaping of the English and British
trans-Atlantic Empires. These include maritime commerce, settlement of the continent and of the West Indies, and the
projection of naval power via the colony's privateers, among other areas.[34][35]
The growth of the British Empire in the 19th century, to its territorial peak
in the 1920s, saw Britain acquire nearly one quarter of the world's land
mass, including territories with large indigenous populations in Asia and
Africa. From the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century,
the larger settler colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South
Africa first became self-governing colonies and then achieved
independence in all matters except foreign policy, defence and trade.
Separate self-governing colonies federated to become Canada (in 1867),
Australia (in 1901), South Africa (in 1910), and Rhodesia (in 1965).
These and other large self-governing colonies had become known as
Dominions by the 1920s. The Dominions achieved almost full
St. George's town, in the Islands of Bermuda,
independence with the Statute of Westminster (1931).
or "The Somers Isles". The colony was
founded by the wrecking of the flagship of
Through a process of decolonisation following the Second World War,
the Virginia Company in 1609. The
most of the British colonies in Africa, Asia and the Caribbean gained
Company's charter was extended to include
independence. Some colonies became Commonwealth realms, retaining
Bermuda in 1612, and it has remained a
the British monarch as their own head of state.[36] Most former colonies British colony ever since. Since the rebellion
and protectorates became member states of the Commonwealth of of Virginia, it has been the oldest-remaining
Nations, a non-political, voluntary association of equal members, British colony, and the town of St. George's is
comprising a population of around 2.2 billion people.[37] the oldest continuously inhabited British
settlement in the New World.[32]
After the independence of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in Africa
in 1980 and British Honduras (now Belize) in Central America in 1981,
the last major colony that remained was Hong Kong, with a population of over
5 million.[38] With 1997 approaching, the United Kingdom and China
negotiated the Sino-British Joint Declaration, which led to the whole of Hong
Kong becoming a "special administrative region" of China in 1997, subject to
various conditions intended to guarantee the preservation of Hong Kong's
capitalist economy and its way of life under British rule for at least 50 years
after the handover. George Town in the Cayman Islands has consequently
become the largest city in the Overseas Territories. Many of the overseas territories are in
the Caribbean, as shown on the map.
In 2002, the British Parliament passed the British Overseas Territories Act
2002. This reclassified the UK's dependent territories as overseas territories
and, with the exception of those people solely connected with the Sovereign Base Areas of Cyprus, restored full
British citizenship to their inhabitants.[39]
Government
Head of state
The head of state in the overseas territories is the British monarch, Elizabeth
II. The Queen's role in the territories is in her role as Queen of the United
Kingdom, and not in right of each territory. The Queen appoints a
representative in each territory to exercise her executive power. In territories
with a permanent population, a Governor is appointed by the Queen on the
advice of the British Government, usually a retired senior military officer, or a
senior civil servant. In territories without a permanent population, a McKeeva Bush, Premier of the Cayman
Commissioner is usually appointed to represent the Queen. Exceptionally, in Islands in 2012
the overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, an
Administrator is appointed to be the Governor's representative in each of the
two distant parts of the territory, namely Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha.
The role of the Governor is to act as the de facto head of state, and they are usually responsible for appointing the head
of government, and senior political positions in the territory. The Governor is also responsible for liaising with the UK
Government, and carrying out any ceremonial duties. A Commissioner has the same powers as a Governor, but also
acts as the head of government.
Local government
All the overseas territories have their own system of government, and localised laws. The structure of the government
appears to be closely correlated to the size and political development of the territory.
Territories Government
British Antarctic Territory

There is no native or permanent population; therefore there is no elected government. The
South Georgia and the South
Commissioner, supported by an Administrator, run the affairs of the territory.
Sandwich Islands
There is no elected government, as there is no native settled population. The Chagos Islanders
who were forcibly evicted from the territory in 1971 won a High Court Judgement allowing
them to return, but this was then overridden by an Order in Council preventing them from
British Indian Ocean Territory
returning. The final appeal to the House of Lords (regarding the lawfulness of the Order in
Council) was decided in the government's favour, exhausting the islanders' legal options in the
United Kingdom at present.
There is no elected government. The Commander British Forces Cyprus acts as the territory's
Akrotiri and Dhekelia Administrator, with a Chief Officer responsible for day-to-day running of the civil government. As
far as possible, there is convergence of laws with those of the Republic of Cyprus.
There are an elected Mayor and Island Council, who have the power to propose and administer
Pitcairn Islands local legislation. However, their decisions are subject to approval by the Governor, who retains
near-unlimited powers of plenary legislation on behalf of the United Kingdom Government.
The Government consists of an elected Legislative Assembly, with the Chief Executive and the
Falkland Islands
Director of Corporate Resources as ex officio members.[40]
The Government consists of an elected Legislative Council. The Governor is the head of
Saint Helena, Ascension and government and leads the Executive Council, consisting of appointed members made up from the
Tristan da Cunha Legislative Council and two ex-officio members. Governance on Ascension Island and Tristan da
Cunha is led by Administrators who are advised by elected Island Councils.[41]
These territories have a House of Assembly, Legislative Assembly (Cayman Islands), or

Anguilla Legislative Council (Montserrat) with political parties. The Executive Council is usually called a
British Virgin Islands cabinet and is led by a Premier or a Chief Minister (in Anguilla), who is the leader of the majority
Cayman Islands party in parliament. The Governor exercises less power over local affairs and deals mostly with
Montserrat foreign affairs and economic issues, while the elected government controls most "domestic"
concerns.
Under the Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006 which was approved in Gibraltar by a referendum,
Gibraltar Gibraltar now has a Parliament. The Government of Gibraltar, headed by the Chief Minister, is
elected. Defence, external affairs and internal security vest in the Governor.[42]
Bermuda, settled in 1609, and self-governed since 1620, is the oldest and most populous of the
Bermuda Overseas Territories. The bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate and a House of Assembly, and
most executive powers have been devolved to the head of government, known as the Premier.
The Turks and Caicos Islands adopted a new constitution effective 9 August 2006; their head of
Turks and Caicos Islands government now also has the title Premier, their legislature is called the House of Assembly, and
their autonomy has been greatly increased.
Legal system
Each overseas territory has its own legal system independent of the United
Kingdom. The legal system is generally based on English common law, with British Overseas Territories
some distinctions for local circumstances. Each territory has its own attorney Joint Ministerial Council
general, and court system. For the smaller territories, the UK may appoint a Type
UK-based lawyer or judge to work on legal cases. This is particularly Type Dialogue forum
important for cases involving serious crimes and where it is impossible to find
a jury who will not know the defendant in a small population island. Seats 28-30
Elections
Voting All members elected either as
system
Many of them, such as Isle of Man, Cayman Islands and Bermuda are used as MPs in the UK cabinet or as
tax havens and as flags of convenience for ships as part of the Red Ensign heads of Government or
group.[43] Ministers in Overseas
Territories.
The Pitcairn sexual assault trial of 2004 is an example of how the UK may
choose to provide the legal framework for particular cases where the territory Meeting place
cannot do so alone. Westminster, London
Website
Joint Ministerial Council
www.gov.uk/government/topical-events
A joint ministerial council of UK ministers, and the leaders of the Overseas /overseas-territories-joint-ministerial-
Territories has been held annually since 2012 to provide representation council (https://www.gov.uk/governmen
between UK Government departments and Overseas Territory t/topical-events/overseas-territories-join
Governments.[44] t-ministerial-council)
Relations with the United Kingdom

The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) has the responsibility of
looking after the interests of all overseas territories except the Sovereign
Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, which comes under the jurisdiction
of the Ministry of Defence.[46][47] Within the FCO, the general
responsibility for the territories is handled by the Overseas Territories
Directorate.[48]
In 2012, the FCO published The Overseas Territories: security, success

and sustainability which set out Britain's policy for the Overseas
Territories, covering six main areas:[49]
Leaders of the Overseas Territories with
Defence, security and safety of the territories and their people former Prime Minister David Cameron in
Successful and resilient economies 2012.
Cherishing the environment
Making government work better
Vibrant and flourishing communities
Productive links with the wider world
Britain and the overseas territories do not have diplomatic representations,

although the governments of the overseas territories with indigenous
populations all retain a representative office in London. The United
Kingdom Overseas Territories Association (UKOTA) also represents the
interests of the territories in London. The governments in both London
and territories occasionally meet to mitigate or resolve disagreements over
the process of governance in the territories and levels of autonomy.[50] Tristan da Cunha on 6 February 2013, as seen
from space. The population was temporarily
Britain provides financial assistance to the overseas territories via the evacuated to the UK in 1961 because of an
Department for International Development. Currently only Montserrat and eruption. Postal code TDCU 1ZZ
Saint Helena receive budgetary aid (i.e. financial contribution to recurrent
funding). Several specialist funds are made available by the UK,
including:
The Good Government Fund which provides assistance on government administration;

The Economic Diversification Programme Budget which aim to diversify and enhance the economic bases of
the territories.
The territories have no official representation in the UK Parliament, but have informal representation through the All-
Party Parliamentary Group,[51] and can petition the UK Government through the Directgov e-Petitions website.[52]
Only Gibraltar has representation in the European Parliament and it shares its Member with the region of South West
England.
Two national parties, UKIP and the Liberal Democrats, have endorsed
calls for direct representation of overseas territories in the UK Parliament,
as well as backbench members of the Conservative Party and Labour
Party.[53][54][55][56]
Foreign affairs
Foreign affairs of the overseas territories are handled by the FCO in

London. Some territories maintain diplomatic officers in nearby countries
for trade and immigration purposes. Several of the territories in the
Americas maintain membership within the Organisation of Eastern
Coastline at Little Bay, the site of the new
Caribbean States, the Caribbean Community, the Caribbean Development
capital of Montserrat replacing Plymouth.
Bank, Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency, and the The project is funded by the[45] UK's
Association of Caribbean States. The territories are members of the Department for International Development.
Commonwealth of Nations through the United Kingdom. The inhabited
territories compete in their own right at the Commonwealth Games, and
three of the territories (Bermuda, the Cayman Islands and the British Virgin
Islands) sent teams to the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Gibraltar is the only overseas territory that is part of the European Union (EU),
although it is not part of the European Customs Union, the European Tax
Policy, the European Statistics Zone or the Common Agriculture Policy.
Gibraltar is not a member of the European Union in its own right. The
Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus are not part of the European Union, but they
are the only British overseas territory to use the euro as official currency. None
of the other Overseas Territories are members of the EU, the main body of EU
law does not apply and, although certain slices of EU law are applied to those
territories as part of the EU's Association of Overseas Countries and Territories
(OCT Association), they are not commonly enforceable in local courts. The British Overseas Territories at the same
OCT Association also provides overseas territories with structural funding for geographic scale as the UK.
regeneration projects.
Since the return of full British citizenship[57] to most 'belongers' of overseas

territories (mainly since the British Overseas Territories Act 2002), the citizens
of those territories hold concurrent European Union citizenship, giving them
rights of free movement across all EU member states.
Several nations dispute the UK's sovereignty in the following overseas

territories:
Akrotiri and Dhekelia claimed by Cyprus

Map showing the portion of Antarctica
British Antarctic Territory Territory overlaps Antarctic claims made by
claimed by the UK as British Antarctic
Chile and Argentina
Territory.
British Indian Ocean Territory claimed by Mauritius and Seychelles
Falkland Islands claimed by Argentina
Gibraltar claimed by Spain
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands claimed by Argentina
Citizenship
None of the overseas territories has its own nationality status, and all citizens
are classed as British Overseas Territories citizens (BOTC). They do, however,
have legislative independence over immigration, and holding the status of a
BOTC does not automatically give a person a right of abode in any of the
territories, as it depends on the territory's immigration laws. A territory may
issue Belonger status to allow a person classed as a BOTC to reside in the Gibraltar is the only overseas territory
territory that they have close links with. Non-BOTC citizens may acquire included in the European Union
Belonger status to reside in a particular territory (and may subsequently
become naturalised BOTC if they wish).
Historically, most inhabitants of the British Empire held the status of British
subject, which was usually lost upon independence. From 1949, British
subjects in the United Kingdom and the remaining colonies became citizens of
the United Kingdom and Colonies. However changes in British immigration
and nationality law between 1962 and 1983 saw the creation of a separate
British Dependent Territories citizenship (BDTC) with effect from January
1983. Citizens in most territories were stripped of full British citizenship. This
was mainly to prevent a mass exodus of the citizens of Hong Kong to the UK
before the agreed handover to China in 1997. Exception was made for the
Falkland Islands, which had been invaded in 1982 by Argentina. Full British Thousands of Gibraltarians dress in
citizenship was soon returned to the people of Gibraltar having regard to the their national colours of red and white
friction with Spain. during the 2013 Gibraltar National Day
celebrations.
However, the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 replaced British
Dependent Territory citizenship with British Overseas Territories citizenship
(BOTC), and restored full British citizenship to all BOTCs except those from Akrotiri and Dhekelia. This restored to
BOTCs the right to reside in the UK.
British citizens, however, do not have an automatic right to reside in any of the Overseas Territories. Some territories
prohibit immigration, and any visitors are required to seek the permission of the territory's government to live in the
territory.
Military
Defence of the Overseas Territories is the responsibility of the UK. Many of

the overseas territories are used as military bases by the UK and its allies.
Ascension Island (part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da

Cunha) the Base known as RAF Ascension Island is used by both the
Royal Air Force and the United States Air Force.
Bermuda became the primary Royal Navy base in America, following
US independence. The Naval establishment included an admiralty, a
dockyard, and a naval squadron. A considerable military garrison was
built up to protect it, and Bermuda, which the British Government came RAF Mount Pleasant, Falkland Islands
to see as a base, rather than as a colony, was known as Fortress
Bermuda, and the Gibraltar of the West (Bermudians, like Gibraltarians,
also dub their territory "The Rock").[58] Canada and the USA also established bases in Bermuda during the
Second World War, which were maintained through the Cold War. Four air bases were located in Bermuda
during the Second World War (operated by the Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, US Navy, and US Army/Army Air
Force). Since 1995, the military force in Bermuda has been reduced to the local territorial battalion, the Royal
Bermuda Regiment.
British Indian Ocean Territory the island of Diego Garcia is home to a large naval base and airbase leased to
the United States by the United Kingdom until 2036 (unless renewed). There are British forces in small numbers
in the BIOT for administrative and immigration purposes.
Falkland Islands the British Forces Falkland Islands includes commitments from the British Army, Royal Air
Force and Royal Navy, along with the Falkland Islands Defence Force.
Gibraltar British Forces Gibraltar includes a Royal Navy dockyard (also used by NATO), RAF Gibraltar
used by the RAF and NATO and a local garrison the Royal Gibraltar Regiment.
The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia in Cyprus maintained as strategic British military bases in
the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Montserrat the Royal Montserrat Defence Force, historically connected with the Irish Guards, is a body of
twenty volunteers, whose duties are primarily ceremonial.[59]
Saint Helena it has been speculated[60] that the new Saint Helena Airport might be used for military purposes
but this has neither been confirmed nor denied.
Languages
Most of the languages other than English spoken in the territories contain a large degree of English, either as a root
language, or in codeswitching, e.g. Llanito. They include:
Llanito or Yanito and Spanish (Gibraltar)

Cayman Creole (Cayman Islands)
Portuguese (Bermuda)[61]
Turks-Caicos Creole (Turks and Caicos Islands)
Pitkern (Pitcairn Islands)
Forms of English:
Bermudian English (Bermuda)

Falkland Islands English Cliffs at Gough and Inaccessible
Islands.
Currencies
The many British overseas territories use a varied assortment of currencies, including the euro, pound, US dollar, NZ
dollar, or their own currencies, which may be pegged to one of these.
Location Native currency Issuing authority
Akrotiri and Dhekelia Euro European Central Bank
British Antarctic Territory

Tristan da Cunha1
Pound sterling Bank of England
South Georgia and the South
Sandwich Islands
Falkland Islands pound (parity with pound sterling) Government of the Falkland
Falkland Islands
Pound sterling (widely circulated and accepted universally) Islands
Gibraltar pound (parity with Pound sterling)

Gibraltar Pound sterling (widely circulated and accepted universally) Government of Gibraltar
Euro (accepted unofficially in most establishments)
Saint Helenian pound (parity with Pound Sterling)

Saint Helena and Ascension Island1 Government of Saint Helena
United States dollar (accepted unofficially on Ascension Island)
British Virgin Islands United States dollar

Bahamian dollar (accepted unofficially in the Turks and Caicos US Federal Reserve
Turks and Caicos Islands
Islands)
Anguilla Eastern Caribbean dollar (pegged to US dollar at Eastern Caribbean Central

Montserrat 2.7ECD=1USD) Bank
Bermudian dollar (parity with US dollar) Bermuda Monetary

Bermuda
United States dollar (widely circulated and accepted universally) Authority
Cayman Islands dollar (pegged to US dollar at Cayman Islands Monetary

Cayman Islands
1KYD=1.2USD) Authority
New Zealand dollar

United States dollar (accepted unofficially)[62]
Reserve Bank of New
Pitcairn Islands Pound sterling is also accepted.[63]
Zealand
Pitcairn Islands dollar (parity with New Zealand dollar;
commemorative issue only)
United States dollar (de facto)[64][65] US Federal Reserve

Pound sterling (de jure)[66][67] Bank of England
1 Part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
Symbols and insignia

Each overseas territory has been granted its own flag and coat of arms by the British monarch. Traditionally, the flags
follow the Blue Ensign design, with the Union Flag in the canton, and the territory's coat of arms in the fly. Exceptions
to this are Bermuda which uses a Red Ensign; British Antarctic Territory which uses a White Ensign; British Indian
Ocean Territory which uses a Blue Ensign with wavy lines to symbolise the sea; and Gibraltar which uses a banner of
its coat of arms (the flag of the city of Gibraltar).
Akrotiri and Dhekelia and Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha are
the only British overseas territories without their own flag. The Union Flag is
used in these territories.
Sports
Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands and the Cayman Islands are the only
British Overseas Territories with recognised National Olympic Committees
(NOCs); the British Olympic Association is recognised as the appropriate Overseas Territories flags in Parliament
NOC for athletes from the other territories, and thus athletes who hold a Square in 2013
British passport are eligible to represent Great Britain at the Olympic
Games.[68]
Shara Proctor from Anguilla, Delano Williams from the Turks and Caicos Islands, Jenaya Wade-Fray from
Bermuda[69] and Georgina Cassar from Gibraltar[70] strived to represent Team GB at the London 2012 Olympics.
Proctor, Wade-Fray and Cassar[70] qualified for Team GB, with Williams missing the cut, however wishing to
represent the UK in 2016.[71][72]
The Gibraltar national football team was accepted into UEFA in 2013 in time for the 2016 European Championships.
It has also applied to be part of FIFA and hopes to be accepted in time for eligibility for the 2018 FIFA World Cup
qualifying.
Biodiversity
The British Overseas Territories
have more biodiversity than the
entire UK mainland.[73] There are
at least 180 endemic plant species
in the overseas territories as
opposed to only 12 on the UK
mainland. Responsibility for
protection of biodiversity and
meeting obligations under
international environmental
conventions is shared between the
UK Government and the local
governments of the territories.[74]
Two areas, Henderson Island in the

Pitcairn Islands as well as the
Gough and Inaccessible Islands of
Tristan Da Cunha are listed as
UNESCO World Heritage Sites,
and two other territories, the Turks
and Caicos Islands, and Saint
Helena are on the United
Kingdom's tentative list for future
UNESCO World Heritage
Sites.[75][76] Gibraltar's Gorham's
Cave Complex is also found on the
UK's tentative UNESCO World
Heritage Site list.[77]
The World Heritage Sites of the UK (Overseas Territories): The natural sites of Gough and
The three regions of biodiversity Inaccessible Islands and Henderson Island are marked green, the cultural sites of the Historic
Town of St George and Related Fortifications, Kourion, and Gorham's Cave are marked red.
hotspots situated in the British
Overseas Territories are the
Caribbean Islands, the Mediterranean Basin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories and the Oceania ecozone in the Pacific.[74] 13/18
Caribbean Islands, the Mediterranean Basin and the Oceania ecozone in the Pacific.[74]
The UK created the largest continuous marine protected areas in the world, the Chagos Marine Protected Area, and
announced in 2015 funding to establish a new, larger, reserve around the Pitcairn Islands.[78][79][80]
In January 2016, the UK government announced the intention to create a marine protected area around Ascension
Island. The protected area would be 234,291 square kilometers, half of which would be closed to fishing.[81]
A Stoplight Parrotfish in Princess Penguins in South Georgia, 2010. Henderson Island in the Pitcairn
Alexandra Land and Sea National Islands
Park, Providenciales, Turks and
Caicos Islands
Rothera Research Station.
See also
Depopulation of Chagossians from the Chagos Archipelago to enable building of a UK-US military base in the
List of postcodes
List of leaders of Overseas Territories
List of British Army installations
British overseas territory citizens in the mainland United Kingdom
Colonial Department
Secretary of State for the Colonies
Colonial Office
Universities in British Overseas Territories
United Kingdom Overseas Territories Association (UKOTA)
List of stock exchanges in the United Kingdom, the British Crown Dependencies and United Kingdom Overseas
Territories
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centuries of shared history, the UK government's relationship with its Territories today is a modern one, based
on mutual benefits and responsibilities. The foundations of this relationship are partnership, shared values and
the right of the people of each territory to choose to freely choose whether to remain a British Overseas Territory
or to seek an alternative future."
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b-photo-7979737.html). The Independent. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
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Further reading
Charles Cawley. Colonies in Conflict: The History of the British Overseas Territories (2015) 444pp
Harry Ritchie, The Last Pink Bits: Travels Through the Remnants of the British Empire (London: Hodder &
Stoughton, 1997)
Simon Winchester, Outposts: Journeys to the Surviving Relics of the British Empire (London & New York,
1985)
George Drower, Britain's Dependent Territories (Dartmouth, 1992)
George Drower, Overseas Territories Handbook (London: TSO, 1998)
Ian Hendry and Susan Dickson, "British Overseas Territories Law" (London: Hart Publishing, 2011)
Ben Fogle, The Teatime Islands: Adventures in Britain's Faraway Outposts (London: Michael Joseph, 2003)
Bonham C. Richardson (16 January 1992). The Caribbean in the Wider World, 14921992 (https://books.googl
e.com/?id=kesL--n3YN4C&pg=PA58). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
External links
Foreign and Commonwealth Office UK Overseas Territories (http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/what-we-do/
overseas-territories)
UK Overseas Territories Conservation Forum (http://www.ukotcf.org)
United Kingdom Overseas Territories Association (http://www.ukota.org)
British Overseas Territories Act 2002 Text of the Act (http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/8/contents)
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The 14 British Overseas Territories (BOT) are territories under the

The term "British Overseas Territory" was introduced by the British

Current overseas territories

Flag Arms Name Location Motto Area Population Capital

Akrotiri Cyprus, 255 km2 7,700 Episkopi

British Antarctica "Research and 1,709,400 km2 0 Rothera

British Indian Ocean "In tutela nostra 46 km2 0 Diego

Gibraltar Iberian "Nulli 6.5 km2 28,800 (2005 Gibraltar

Flag Arms Name Location Motto Area Population Capital

Pitcairn Pacific Ocean 43 km2 49 (2014 Adamstown

Saint South Atlantic 420 km2 5,530 (total; Jamestown

Tristan da "Our faith is our 300 (Tristan da

South South Atlantic "Leo terram 4,066 km2 0 King

Turks and Lucayan "Beautiful by 430 km2 32,000 (2006 Cockburn

Overall 1,727,570 km2 c. 250,000

British Overseas Territories

British Antarctic Territory

These territories have a House of Assembly, Legislative Assembly (Cayman Islands), or

Relations with the United Kingdom

In 2012, the FCO published The Overseas Territories: security, success

Britain and the overseas territories do not have diplomatic representations,

The Good Government Fund which provides assistance on government administration;

Foreign affairs of the overseas territories are handled by the FCO in

Since the return of full British citizenship[57] to most 'belongers' of overseas

Several nations dispute the UK's sovereignty in the following overseas

Akrotiri and Dhekelia claimed by Cyprus

Defence of the Overseas Territories is the responsibility of the UK. Many of

Ascension Island (part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da

Llanito or Yanito and Spanish (Gibraltar)

Bermudian English (Bermuda)

Location Native currency Issuing authority

Akrotiri and Dhekelia Euro European Central Bank

British Antarctic Territory

Gibraltar pound (parity with Pound sterling)

Saint Helenian pound (parity with Pound Sterling)

British Virgin Islands United States dollar

Anguilla Eastern Caribbean dollar (pegged to US dollar at Eastern Caribbean Central

Bermudian dollar (parity with US dollar) Bermuda Monetary

Cayman Islands dollar (pegged to US dollar at Cayman Islands Monetary

New Zealand dollar

United States dollar (de facto)[64][65] US Federal Reserve

Symbols and insignia

Two areas, Henderson Island in the

Caribbean Islands, the Mediterranean Basin

Rothera Research Station.

22. "Commonwealth Secretariat Gibraltar" (https://www.webcitation.org/5o1nHWBjv?url=http://www.thecommo

45. "Little Bay Development" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130425143223/http://projects.dfid.gov.uk/project.asp

74. "Science: UK Overseas Territories: Biodiversity" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130502221314/http://www.ke

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories&oldid=801473346"

This page was last edited on 19 September 2017, at 21:47.

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