Oracle English Literature Sharif Sir

A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 1
A Handbook
on
English Literature
[Including a short history of English literature, famous authors,
works and quotations]
for BCS and other competitive exams
Compiled by:
Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
BA (Hons), MA in English, MM
MBA in Mgt Studies (DU)
Senior Teacher, Faculty of English, BCS Confidence
Formerly Lecturer in English, Edinburgh Intl College, Dhaka
Follow me: sharif_bmc@yahoo.com; 01728395949 (sms)
Confidence Research Work Ltd.

2 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
A Handbook on English Literature
First Edition (Hand Written) : 16 December 2013

Second Edition (Printed) : 07 March 2016
Third Edition : 01 May 2016
Fourth Edition : 01 December 2016
Reserved by the Publisher

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
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vb Ki wbwZ nvb Ges `vKvbi wmj wbb|
Dedicated to
My daughter
Rusafa Chowdhury
(Words are not enough to express the unconditional love that exists
between Rusafa and me)
Preface (cwdm&)
All praise belongs to almighty Allah, who allows me finalizing this
book and peace be upon the last Prophet. A Handbook on English Literature
is designed to serve as a handbook to the candidates of BCS Preliminary
exam in their study of English literature. It is expected that this book will
help them secure good marks in their examination. Actually this book has
been published not because there is a scarcity of such notes on English
literature but because always we have opportunity to join with our existing
publications.
I have spared no pains in making this work quite comprehensive.
For overall betterment of the book, I have consulted a considerable number
of reference books specially William J. Longs English Literature, M. H.
Abrams A Glossary of Literary Terms, some renowned websites
including Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, Microsoft Encarta 2009 and
several critical notes of Dr. S. Sen, Ramji Lall, Scott A. Boulding, Dr. M.
Mofizar Rahman, Kabir Chowdhury and so on.
I express a deep sense of gratitude to my honourable teacher Mr.
Abdul Latif for his unabashed inspiration at every sphere of my life. I am in
fact thankful to my colleagues Mr. Rahat Hossain Khan and Mr. Mahbub
Shakil. Thanks also deserve Mr. Belal Ahmed Raju, respectable MD of BCS
Confidence for taking the responsibility of publishing the book.
No man is above error. Therefore, in spite of very careful effort,
there may be inadvertent mistake of any kind for hasty writing or lack of
my knowledge. I beg pardon for all those. Suggestions from both the
students and teachers are cordially expected for its further improvement.
Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
Dhaka, March 7, 2016
Table of Contents (m~wPc)
1. The Old English Period 11

1. Caedmon (KvWgb) 2. Cynewulf (KbDjd) 3. Saint Venerable Bede
4. King Alfred the Great.
2. The Middle English Period 15

1. Geoffrey Chaucer (wRId Pmvi) 2. John Wycliff (DBwKd) 3. Sir
Thomas Malory 4. Dante (`v) 5. William Langland
3. The Renaissance 21
a) The Elizabethan Period: 24
1. Thomas Norton & Thomas Sackville 2. Christopher Marlowe 3.
Edmund Spenser 4. Nicholas Udall 5. Sir Thomas Wyatt 6. Sir Philip
Sidney 7. John Webster 8. Richard Hooker 9. George Chapman 10.
Ben Jonson 11. Thomas Kyd 12. Thomas Moore 13. Thomas Dekker
14. Arthur Golding 15. Nicholo Machiavelli 16. Cyril Tourneur 17.
Migunl de Cervantes 18. Francis Bacon 19. Galileo (MvwjwjI) 20.
William Shakespeare
b) The Jacobean Period: 44
1. John Donne (Rb Wvb) 2. Andrew Marvell 3. Henry Vaughan (nbwi
fb) 4. George Herbert 5. Cowley (KvDwj)
c) The Caroline Period: 49
Robert Herrick
d) The Commonwealth Period: 51
1. Thomas Hobbes 2. Jeremy Taylor
Previous Questions: 52
4. The Neoclassical Period 67
a) The Restoration Period: 69
1. John Milton 2. John Dryden (Rb WvBWb) 3. William Congreve:
(KbwMf) 4. Samuel Butler 5. John Bunyan (Rb evwbqvb) 6. John Locke
(Rb jK) 7. William Wycherley 8. Aphra Ben 9. George Farquhar
b) The Augustan Period: 74

1. Alexander Pope 2. Jonathan Swift 3. Daniel Defoe 4. Samuel
Richardson 5. Joseph Addison and Richard Steele
c) The Age of Sensibility: 78
1. Dr. Samuel Johnson 2. Goethe (MvU) 3. Henry Fielding 4. Oliver
Goldsmith 5. Thomas Gray 6. Edmund Burke 7. Edward Gibbon 8.
Lindley Murray 9. Herasim Lebedeff (nivwmg jeWd) 10. Sir Walter
Scott 11. Herold J Laski (jvw) 12. Adam Smith 13. bv_vwbqj evwm
nvjnW 14. DBwjqvg Kwi 15. Rousseau 16. Voltaire (fjZqvi)
5. The Romantic Period 89

1. William Wordsworth 2. S.T.Coleridge 3. P.B.Shelley
4. John Keats 5. William Blake 6. Charles Lamb 7. William Hazlitt 8.
Lord Byron 9. Jane Austen 10. Alexander Pushkin 11. nbwi jyB wfwfqvb
wWivwRI
6. The Victorian Period 113

1. Lord Alfred Tennyson (Uwbmb) 2. Robert Browning 3. Matthew
Arnold (gv_y Avb) 4. Charles Dickens (Pvjm wWK) 5. Maxim Gorky
(gvwg MvwK) 6. William Makepeace Thekary (_Kvwi) 7. Edward
Fitzgerald (wdRvijW) 8. John Stuart Mill (Rb zqvU wgj)
9. Thomas Hardy 10. Christina Rossetti (wwbv imwU) 11. Dante
Gabriella Rossetti (D.G. Rosettei) 12. R.L. Stevenson (wfbmb) 13.
Sir Richard Francis Burton (wiPvW evUb) 14. Benjamin Franklin (evwgb
dvwjb) 15. Charlotte Bronte (kvjvU ebU) 16. Emily Bronte 17. Leo
Tolstoy (wjD Ujq) 18. George Eliot (RR GwjqU)
19. Elizabeth Barret Browning 20. Charles Robert Darwin (WviDBb)
21. Cardinal Newman 22. Gladstone 23. Alexandre Dumas
(AvjKRvvi Wzgvm) 24. Karl Marx (Kvj gv) 25. Mark Twain (gvK Uvqb)
26. H. Christian Unlerson 27. Elizabeth Gaskell 28. Sir Arthur Conan
Doyle 29. A.S. Hornby 30. Kiran Desai 31. Samuel Butler 32. Oscar
Wilde 33. cvwiPuv` wg 34. Edgar Allan Poe (GWMvi Avjvb cv) 35. CkiP`
we`vmvMi 36. ewgP` Pvcvavq 37. Napoleon (bcvwjqb evbvcvU) 38.
Abraham Lincoln (Avevnvg wjsKb)
7. The Modern and The Post Modern Periods 13

AvaywbK hyM AbK ewk jLK _vKvq wkv_xì myweav_ jLKì bvg
eYgvbymvi mvRvbv nqQ:
01. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 02. A.C. Bradley 03. Anthony Mascarenhus
(gvm&Kvibnvm) 04. Adlof Hitler 05. Allen Ginsberg (Avjb wMbmevM) 06.
Arther Clarke 07. Alexander Campbell (Kvej) 08. Arundhuty Roy
(fviZxq jwLKv) 09. Alice Munro (Gwjm gbiv) 10. Amitav Ghosh (fviZxq
mvwnwZK) 11. Aldus Huxley (GjWvm nvwj) 12. AgZ mb 13. Arbinda
Adigaon (Aiwe` Avw`MvIu) 14. Albert Camus 15. Aiub Khan (AvBqye Lvb) 16.
Anita Desai (fviZxq mvwnwZK) 17. Avbv dv 18. Bangabandhu Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman 19. Barak Obama 20. Bovey: 21. eveyj Payix 22. eMg ivKqv
23. Chinua Achebe 24. Colonel Gaddafi 25. Condoleezza Rice 26. Dan Brown
(Wvb evDb) 27. David mile Durkheim (`yLBg) 28. Doris Lessing (Wwim jwms)
29. D.H Lawrence 30. Dylan Thomas 31. W. mybxwZKzgvi Pvcvavq 32. W.
AvKei Avjx Lvb 33. E. M. Milford 34. Emerson 35. Erik Axel Karlfeldt
36. E.M Forster 37. Ernesto che Guevara (P qfviv) 38. Earnest
Hemingway (Avb nwgsIq) 39. Eugene ONeil (BDwRb IbBj) 40.
Francis Fokuama (dzKzBqvgv) 41. Fidel Castro (wd`j Kvv) 42. Fyodor
Dostoyevsky (wdDì `qfw) 43. dvi bvBwUj: 44. Guner Myrdal 45.
Gunter Grass 46. Gabriel Garcia Marquez (Mvweqj Mvwmqv gvKm) 47.
George Orwell (RR AiIqj) 48. George Bernard Shaw (RR evbvW k) 49.
MxZv gnZv 50. H.G. Wells (Herbert George Wells) 51. Hilary Clinton
52. Henry Kissinger 53. Harold Pinter 54. Henrik Ibsen 55. Herman
Melville 56. Henry James 57. Irwin Shaw 57. AvBwib Lvb 58. Jahanara
Imam (Rvnvbviv Bgvg) 59. Jimmy Carter (wRwg KvUvi) 60. John Masefield
(gmwd) 61. J.K. Rawling 62. Jhumpa Lahiri 63. Jean Paul Sartre 64.
James Joyce 65. Jane Taylor 66. Jefferson 67. Julian Assange (Rywjqvb
Avmv) 68. J. M. Synge (Rb wgwjsUb wm) 69. Joseph Conrad 70. Jules
Verne (Ryjm& fvb) 71. John F. Kennedy (Rb Gd KbwW) 72. Rwni ivqnvb 73.
wRqv nvq`vi ingvb 74. Kaiser Haq 75. Lee kuan U (wj Kzqvb BD) 76. Lord
Acton 77. Momota Banerjee 78. Mahatma Gandhi (gnvZv Mvx) 79. Martin
Luther King Junior (gvwUb jy_vi wKs Rywbqi) 80. Marshall Macluhan (gvkvj
gvKjynvb) 81. Monika Ali 82. Muhammad Asad 83. gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg
AvRv` 84. gvjvjv BDmydRvB 85. gybxi Payix 86. gvBKj gaym~`b ` 87. Nathaniel
Hawthorne 88. Nirod C. Chowdhury 89. Neil Armstrong 90. Nelson
Mandela 91. Noam Chomsky (bvqvg Pgw) 92. Orhan Pamuk (Iinvb cvgyK)
93. O Henry 94. Pandit Neheru (cwZ RInijvj bni) 95. Pablo Neruda
(cvejv bi`v) 96. Pearl S. Buck (cvj Gm evK) 97. Parvez Mosharraf 98.
cvejv wcKvmv 99. R. K. Narayan 100. Rudyard Kipling (iWBqvW wKcwjs)
101. wiPvW BUb 102. ingvb mvenvb 103. Steve Jobs (wf Rem) 104. Sun Tzu
(myb Ry) 105. Sully Prodhomme (mywj cavg) 106. Seamus Heaney 107.
Salman Rushdi 108. Seikh Hasina 109. Sigmund Freud (wmMg dqW) 110.
Sir Arthur Miller (mvi Av_vi wgjvi) 111. Stephen Hawking (wdb nwKs)
112. Saul Bellow 113. Samuel Beckett 114. Selma Lagerlof (mjgv jMid)
115. Samuel Huntington (nvwUsUb) 116. Salvador Dali 117. mq` gyRZev
Avjx 118. mq` Avjx Avnmvb 119. mq` IqvjxDjvn& 120. kvqv BKivgyjvn 121.
T.S. Eliot 122. Thomas Carlyle 123. Ted Hughes (UW wnDR) 124. Tony
Morrison 125. Tahmima Anam 126. Thomas Usk 127. V. S. Neipaul
(we`vai m~hc
mv` bvBcj) 128. Virginia Woolf (fvwRwbqv Djd) 129. Victor
Hogo (Mv) 130. fvw`gi BwjP Dwjqvbvf (jwbb) 131. William Golding 132.
W. B. Yeats 133. William Hunter 134. W.H. Auden 135. William
Somerset Maugham (mgvimU gg) 136. Wole Soyinka (Ij mywqv) 137.
Wallace Stevens 138. Winston Churchil (DBbb PvwPj) 139. William
Faulkner (dKbvi) 140. Walt Whitman, Robert Frost & Emily Dickinson
9. GK bRi iZc~Y mvwnwZKì Dcvwa 189
10. Aviv wKQz iZc~Y Z_ 190
11. Top 35 Figures of Speech 216
GB eBwU mvgwMK BsiwR mvwnZ mwKZ| hyivR Z_v

Bsjv, Ujv, mgM Avqvijv I Iqjmi mvwnZmn
gvwKb hyiv Ges c~eZb wewUk DcwbekjvZ iwPZ
BsiwR mvwnZI GB eBq AvjvwPZ nqQ| Ze 19k
kZvx ch GB eBqi AwaKvsk AvjvPbv weUb
I Avqvijvi mvwnZK K` Ki nqQ|
Important Periods of English Literature

1. The Old English Period : 450-1066
G hyMi Ab bvg The Anglo Saxon Period
Saxon ì fvlv Rvgvb (Gmgq Bsjv Rvgvwbi mvbì Aaxb wQj)
2. The Middle English Period : 1066-1500

1066-1340: The Anglo Norman Period (fvlv- d)
G mgq Bsjv dvi bgvbì Aaxb wQj
Shorter
Ages 1340-1400: The Age of Chaucer (Pmvii hyM)***
(14th Century Gi AMZ; Pmvii gvag BsiwR mvwnZi hvv i)
1400-1485/1500: The Dark/ Barren Period
3. The Renaissance : 1500-1660

(i) 1500-1558: Prparation for Renaissance
G hyMK (ibmuvi cwZ hyM)
Early (ii) 1558-1603: The Elizabethan Period***
Modern
GwU 2nd half of 16th Century Gi AMZ
PeriodI
ejv nq| (iii) 1603-1625: The Jacobean Period
King James (1st) Gi bvgvbymvi G hyMi bvgKiY
Shorter Ze, 1590-1616 = Age of Shakespeare Ges
Ages 1620-1660 = Puritan Period wnme cwiwPZ
(wLvb wcDwiUvbì AvwacZi KviY)
(iv) 1625-1649: The Caroline Period
King Charles (1st) Gi bvgvbymvi G hyMi bvgKiY
ZvK nZv Kivi gvag Bsjv c_g ivRZi cZb NUwQj
(v) 1649-1660: The Commonwealth Period
G hyM England G Kvb Monarch wQj bv
GwU wQj cRvZi hyM
4. The Neo-Classical Period : 1660-1798

1660-1700: The Restoration Period
Restoration ejZ ivRZi cybivi evSvq
GB hyMK Kwe John Dryden Gi hyMI ejv nq
Shorter
Ages 1700-1745: The Augustan Period
GB hyMK Kwe Alexander Pope Gi hyMI ejv nq
1745-1785/98: The Age of Sensibility

Ab bvg The Age of Reason/Transition
GwUK Dr. Samuel Jhonson Gi hyMI ejv nq
5. The Romantic Period : 1798-1832

gvU 34 years; GwU Early 19th Century Gi AMZ
6. The Victorian Period : 1832-1901

GwU 19th Century Gi AMZ
1848-1860: The Pre-Raphaelites (wc-ivdjvBUm)
Shorter
Ages 1880-1901: Aestheticism and Decadence
(b`bZ/bv`wbKZv I wqyZv)
7. The Modern Period : 1901-1939
GwU 1st half of 20th Century Gi AMZ
Shorter 1901-1910: The Edwardian Period

Ages 1910-1936: The Georgian Period
8. The Post Modern Period : 1939-present

GwU 2nd half of 20th century Gi AMZ
we.`.: g~jZ mgmvgwqK Kvb weLvZ ivRv, ivbx ev Kvb wekl mvwnwZKi bvgvbymvi
wKsev Kvb hyMi wekl Kvb ewki bvgvbymvi Gme hyMi (Period/Age)
bvgKiY Kiv nqQ| GRb GKB hyMi wewfb bvg cwijwZ nq|
1. The Old English Period

Duration: 450-1066
1. The Old English Period

Duration: 450-1066
G hyM mwKZ wKQz iZc~Y Z_:
G hyMi Ab bvg The Anglo Saxon Period;

Saxon Rvgvwbi GKwU DcRvwZi bvg|
A_vr 450-1066 mvj ch Rvgvwbi Saxon, Angles Ges Jutes mn
wewfb `yal RvwZMvxi jvKiv England K `Lj iLwQj| Ze Saxon ì
c~e England ivgvbì kvmbvaxb wQj| g~jZ, English is a West Germanic
Language.
Literature was oral in this period. (AwjwLZ mvwnZ)
King Alfred the Great spread educational institutions in this
period.
According to Bede, the original Anglo-Saxon settlers came to
England from many of these continental locations:
Anglo Saxon Period Gi wKQz iZc~Y mvwnwZK:

1. Caedmon: (KvWgb)
ZvK BsiwR mvwnZi Avw`Kwe ejv nq|
Earliest poet/ first known poet in English Literature
hgb: evsjv mvwnZi Avw`Kwe jyBcv
wZwb wLxq fveavivi Kwe wQjb|
ZvK Father of English Sacred Song-I ejv nq|
KD KD ZvK Anglo-Saxon hyMi Milton-I ej _vKb|
Zvi cavb mvwnZKgi bvg Paraphrase|
2. Cynewulf: (KbDjd)
He is one of twelve Old English poets known by name, and
one of four whose work is known to survive today.
Juliana Zvi GKwU weLvZ KweZv|
3. Saint Venerable Bede: (673-735)
Zvi Dcvwa: Doctor of the Church
ZvK Father of Learning Ges
First historian in English language ejv nq| (we.`: evsjv mvwnZi
c_g BwZnvm welqK M `xbk P` mbi efvlv I mvwnZ)
4. King Alfred the Great: (849-899)
Zvi Dcvwa: The Law Governing (AvBbi kvmK)
wZwb 871 mvj _K 899 mvj ch ZrKvjxb England Gi ivRv wQjb|
He compiled the Anglo Saxon Chronicle. (A_vr The Anglo
Saxon Chronicle bvg c_g M`M G hyMB msKwjZ nq|)
GwUK First monument in English prose ev BsiwR Mì Avw`
wb`kb ejv nq|
G KviY ZvK Founder of English Prose-I ejv nq| (hgb:
evsjv Mì RbK CkiP` we`vmvMi)
[DjL: cixvi option-G Alfred the Great ev gahyMi John Wycliffe
Gi bvg bv _vKj Elizabethan period Gi Francis Bacon KB Founder of
English Prose ejv ne|]
BsiwR mvwnZi Avw` wb`kb:
1. Beowulf (eIDj&d):
GB gnvKvei jLKi bvg

Rvbv hvq wb|
GwUK BsiwR mvwnZi
Avw` wb`kb, Z_v First
Monument in English
Literature ejv nq| [hgb: evsjvq Phvc`] First page of Bewulf
GwUK The Earliest Epic (gnvKve) in England-I ejv nq

_vK| meZ 650 mvj iwPZ nqwQj| (hgb: evsjv mvwnZ c_g Ges
mv_K gnvKve gvBKj gaym~`bi gNbv` ea -1861 mvj)
KvewU vwbwfqv Aji cUf~wgZ iwPZ njI Bsjvi RvZxq

gnvKvei ^xKwZ cvq|
GB Heroic Epic wUZ 3182 wU jvBb wQj| gnvKvei bvqKi bvg

nj Beowulf, whwb England K c_g (heb) cvZvjcyixi ivmì
nvZ _K iv KiwQjb| ci (kl eqm) WvMbì nvZ _K iv KiZ
wMq wbR gviv hvb| GB Mi g~j cvwjwc jbi wewUk wgDwRqvg
msiwZ AvQ|
2. Beowulf QvovI The Wanderer, The Seafarer, The Husbands
Message, The Wifes Lament, Traveler cfwZ bvg wKQz iZc~Y
KweZv cvIqv hvq| Gjvi mywbw` Kvb jLKi bvg cvIqv hvq bv|
we.`.: Rvgvwbi `yal Saxon-iv 450 mvj ay Bsjv `LjB Kiwb eis BsiwR
fvlv PPvi Dci GK aibi wblavv Avivc Ki| Zviv `wi` BsiRìK
`vm-`vmxZ cwiYZ Ki Ges mv BsiRìK `k _K weZvwoZ Ki|
dj G hyM we BsiwR fvlvq Kvb mvwnZ iwPZ nqwb|
2. The Middle English Period

Duration: 1066-1500
G Aavq DjLhvM wZbwU hyM iqQ:
(a) 1066-1340: The Anglo Norman
(b) 1340-1400: The Age of Chaucer
(c) 1400-1485/1500: The Dark/ Barren Period
2. The Middle English Period

Duration: 1066-1500
gahyMi wKQz iZc~Y NUbv:

1066 mvj dvi Norman RvwZ Gm Rvgvb Saxon-ìK civwRZ Ki
England `Lj Ki bq| G Rb 1066-1340 mvj ch mgqK Anglo
Norman Period ejv nq| G hyM divwm fvlv I mswZ Rvi Ki BsiRì
Dci Pvwcq `qv nq|
1400-1500 mvj ch mgqK Barren/ Dark Period ejv nq|
[hgb: evsjv mvwnZi AKvi hyM 1201-1350]
agxq wkv mmviYi Dk GB Anglo Norman hyMB weLvZ
Oxford (1168) Ges Cambridge (1209) wekwe`vjq cwZwZ nq|
Magna Carta (gnvmb`) was passed on 15 June 1215.*
King John mvgì Pvc co ivwbgW (Runnymede) xc ivRvi
AwaKvi msv G PzwZ ^vi Kib|
It was a great charter, which limited the power of monarch.
AvM ejv nZv = King can do no wrong. (gvMbv KvUv cRvì AwaKvi
cwZv Ges ivRvì gZv nvmi GKwU hwK `wjj)
GUvK wewUk kvmbZi evBej Ges great charter of freedom ejv nq|
evsjvi Magna Charta njv 6-`dv/ Six point demand (1966)|
In 1295, English Parliament was established.

GB hyM (11th-13th Century) gymjgvb I wLvbì gvS HwZnvwmK
Crusade (aghy) nq| BwZnvm gZ, cwe f~wg RiRvjg Ges
KUvwUbvcji AwaKvi bIqvi Rb 1096 _K 1292 mvj ch
BDivci wLvbì mwwjZ kw gymjgvbì wei h hy cwiPvjbv Ki
ZvK zmW ej|
1337-1453 mvj ch Bsjv-dvi gvS kZel hy (Hundred Year
War) nq| (Bsjvi ivRv 3q GWIqvW dvi wmsnvmb `vwe Kij G hy
i nq)
dLixb gveviK kvn Gi Avgj 1345-46 mvj weLvZ cwievRK Beb eZzZv
evsjv`k GmwQjb| Zvi gZ, m mgq G`k 7 UvKvq 8.75gY Pvj Ges 3
UvKvq 14 mi wN cvIqv hZ|
1362 mvj c_gevii gZ BsiwRK Language of law and court wnme
NvlYv Kiv nq| (DjL, 1837 mvj fviZxq Dcgnv`k dviwm fvlvi cwieZ
BsiwR fvlvK ivfvlv Kiv nq| Avi cvwKvbi MYcwil` evsjv fvlvK 16
deqvwi 1956 mvj AbZg ivfvlv wnmve ^xKwZ `qv nq|)
Gi AvM Norman Period G Latin and French were the
only recognized languages in Norman courts.
William Caxton established printing press in 1476. GRb ZvK
First English Printer ejv nq [we.`: 1777 mvj Rgm wnwK c_g KvVi
cm Zwi Ki e`k gy`Y eemv Pvjy Kib| Ze Pvjm DBjwKK evsjv
gy`vii RbK ejv nq Ges Zvi wb`k cvbb KgKvi evsjv Ai Lv`vB Kib]
1492 mvj BZvjxq bvweK Christopher Columbus AvUjvwUK gnvmvMi
AwZg Ki evnvgv xc AeZiYi gvag AvgwiKv gnv`k Avwevi Kib|
In 1498, Vasco Da-Gama reached India. (fvv `v Mvgv GKRb
cZzwMR bvweK wQjb)
G gahyMB 1204 mvj jY mbK civwRZ Ki eLwZqvi wLjRx evsjv
Rq Kib Ges 1333 mvj gynv` web ZzNjKi ivRZKvj givi chUK
Beb eZzZv evsjvq AvMgb Kib|
G hyMB RvwZwevbx Copernicus (Rb 1473) cgvY KiwQjb h,
The Sun is the center of all planets. Avi KvcvwbKvmi gZev`
cPvii `vq Zvi Qv wRqv`vbv ebvK Avb cywoq nZv Kiv nq|
G hyMi BsiR mvwnwZKiv BZvjxq Kwe Dante (`v), Petrarch, (cvK)
Boccaccio (evKvwPI) cgyL weLvZ mvwnwZKK AbymiY KiwQjb|
Roger Bacon (1214-1292) was a famous literary person of
Anglo Norman Period. Opus Majus Zvi weLvZ M| (iRvi
eKbK AvaywbK wevbi RbKI ejv nq)
GB hyMB Miracle Play, Mystery Play, Morality Play, Interlude
(MfbvwUKv) cfwZ bvg English Drama Gi cPjb i nq|
Middle English Period Gi wKQz iZc~Y mvwnwZK:

1. Geoffrey Chaucer: (wRId/Rwd Pmvi, 1340-1400)
wZwb 14th century'i weLvZ Kwe (Representative Poet) wQjb|
wZwb GKvavi K~UbxwZK, `vkwbK, Avgjv, ivR-Dc`v I iv`~Z wQjb|
Zvi bvgvbymvi Age of Chaucer (1340-1400) bvgKiY Kiv nqQ|
ZvK AbK Morning Star of Renaissance ej _vKb|
The first great modernist
Father of English Language
Father of English Literature
ZvK ejv nq|
First Humourist in English Literature
Father of English Modern Poetry *
The first great English story-teller
wZwbB we BsiwR fvlvq c_g KweZv wjLb| (Saxon Ges Norman hyM we
BsiwR wQj bv| we.`: Father of Bengali Modern Poems- gvBKj gaym~`b)
Canterbury Tales (KvUviewi Ujm&&) Zvi k KveM| GwU 1478 mvj c_g
Qvcv nq| GwU g~jZ 17,000 jvBb wewk Kve iwPZ GKwU Amgv eYbvg~jK MM (a
collection of 24 stories)| The tales are presented as part of a story-telling
contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from
London to Canterbury in order to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas
Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The prize for this contest is a free meal at
the Tabard Inn at Southwark on their return.
Pmvii Kve mvwnZK wZbwU fvM wPwZ Kiv nq:
The French Period
The Italian Period
The English Period
GQvovI Zvi weLvZ KweZvjv njv:
The House of Fame
Troilus and Criseyde
Nun Priests Tale
The Parliament of Fowls

The Legend of Good Women wRId Pmvi
2. John Wycliff: (DBwKd, 1331-1384)

Morning Star of the Reformation
Reformer of English Church (PvPi msviK)
Titles Evening Star of English Scholasticism (gahyMxq

GKwU `vkwbK gZev`)
Father of English prose (M`) / First prose writer
in English (AvjdW ` MUi bvg bv _vKj)
He was an English scholastic philosopher, theologian,

Biblical translator, reformer, seminary professor at Oxford.
He was an influential dissident (wfb gZvej^x) within the
Roman Catholic priesthood (ciwnZ) during the 14th century.
Zvi Abymvixiv Lollards bvg cwiwPZ, hviv cieZxZ cvc weivax
Av`vjb Z_v Protestant Reformation Gi Rb mgv`Z|
wZwb c_gevii gZ Bible (wbD UvgU, 2q L) Gi BsiwR Abyev`
Kib (M` ixwZZ)| hgb:
Rvgvb fvlvq c_g Bible Abyev` Kib Rvgvwbi ag msviK Martin Luther|
vsjv, , , , fvlvq c_g evBej Abyev`
Kib dvU DBwjqvg KjRi evsjv wefvMi cwZvZv cavb DBwjqvg Kwi|
cwe KziAvb evsjvq c_g Abyev` Kib gvIjvbv Avwgi Dwb emzwbqv (AvswkK)|
fvB wMwikP` mb (biwms`x) m~Y KziAvb Abyev` Kib (1881-1886)|
Marmaduke Pickthall (gvigvWzK wcK_vj) we BsiwRZ KziAvb Abyev`
Kib|
3. Sir Thomas Malory: (1415-1471)

Zvi weLvZ M`Mi bvg Morte D Arthur
1485
GwU BsiwR mvwnZi First Romance in prose |
Ze King Morte D Arthur bvg weLvZ KweZv wjLQb Victorian
hyMi Kwe Alfred Tennyson|
4. Dante: (`v AvwjwMwi; 1265-1321)

cyiv bvg: Dante Alighieri
Rb: BZvwji dvi
Titles:
The Father of the Italian Language
The Supreme Poet of Italy
Zvi weLvZ Epic Gi bvg: The Divine Comedy
`v (Dante), Petrarch (cvK) Ges Boccaccio (evvwPI) GB wZb
Rb weLvZ BZvjxq KweK GK The Three Crowns/ The Three
Fountains ejv nq|
Kwe ngP` e`vcvavq Dante Gi Divine Comedy Aej^b Zuvi
weLvZ Qvqvgqx Kve iPbv Kib|
Inferno (gvb Hell/ biK) bvg Kwe Dantei GKwU weLvZ KweZv AvQ| It is
the first part of the Divine Comedy.
5. William Langland:
Zvi weLvZ KveM: Piers Plowman
Drama & Play Gi ga cv_K:

Drama: before staged (gi AvM)
Play: after staged (gi ci)
Playwright means: dramatist
When life shows you a hundred reasons to cry,

Show life that
You have a thousand reasons to smile.
1.
2.
3.
4.
3. The Renaissance
Duration: 1500-1660
5.
G Aavq Renaissance Gi DjLhvM PviwU hyM AvjvwPZ nqQ:
(a) The Elizabethan Period (1558-1603)
(b) The Jacobean Period (1603-1625)
(c) The Caroline Period (1625-1649)
(d) The Commonwealth Period (1649-1660)
6. 3. The Renaissance
Duration: 1500-1660
ibmuv hyM mwKZ wKQz iZc~Y Z_:

Actually European Renaissance began in 14th Century in Italy.
Ze AbK 1453 mvj ibmuv i nqwQj ej gb Kib|
Renaissance means- Revival/ Regeneration/ Rebirth, re-
awakening (cybRb) of classical (ancient Greek) learning, culture
and free thinking.
Renaissance is an Italian word (gZvi French). It is considered
the bridge between the Middle ages and the Modern history.
ibmuv PZz`k kZK c_g Florance
kni Ges ci Venice I Rome
kni Qwoq co|
Ze, England G ibmuv i nq
1500 mvj|
Renaissance Gi hyMK Re-
discovery of Ancient
Civilization of Greece and Florence, birthplace of Renaissance
Rome ejv nq|
Renaissance K Early Modern Period-I ejv nq| KviY, AvaywbKZv I
ivgvwUwmRgi m~Pbv G hyM _KB i nq| It started as a Cultural
Movement in Italy.
AbK BZvjxq Kwe cvKK Father of Renaissance, Father of
Humanism gb Kib|
1500-1558 mvj ch mgqK England Gi Renaissancei cwZ hyM ejv nq|
Gw`K 1526 mvj cvwbc_i c_g hy Bevwng jv`xK civwRZ Ki Rwni Dwb
gvnv` evei (15261530) fviZel gvNj mvvR cwZv KiwQjb|
The Bengal renaissance can be said to have started with Raja Ram
Mohan Roy (1772-1833) and ended with Rabindranath (1861-1941).
Raja Ram Mohan Roy is regarded as the "Father of the Bengal
Renaissance."
ibmuv hyMi DjLhvM ewk:
Humanism, Free Thinking, Nationalism, Individualism BZvw`|
ivbx GwjRve_i (1558 -1603) c~ e G hy Mi

Dj L hvM wUDWi eski kvmKMY njv:
1. Henry (vii): 1485-1509 (ivbx GwjRve_i `v`v)
2. Henry (viii): 1509-1547 (ivbx GwjRve_i evev)
3. Edward (vi): 1547-1553 (GwjRve_i mr fvB;
16 eQi eqm hv ivM gviv hvb)
4. Queen Mary: 1553-1558 (GwjRve_i eo mr evb Z_v Kv_wibi GKgv
RxweZ Kbv wQjb| AmsL cvUvU nZvi `vq ZvK i wccvmy gwi ev Bloody
Mary ejv nq| KzBb gwi Uterine Z_v Rivqy msv cancer G gviv hvb)
DjL: ivbx GwjRve_i evev Henry (viii) 6wU weq KiwQjb| Zviv njb:
1. Catherine of Aragon (divorced, died while detained under guard at
Kimbolton Castle, mother of Mary I) 2. Anne Boleyn (executed, mother of
Elizabeth I) 3. Jane Seymour (died days after giving birth to Edward VI,
believed to be caused by birth complications) 4. Anne of Cleves (divorced,
outlived the rest of the wives) 5. Catherine Howard (divorced and later
executed) 6. Catherine Parr (widowed).
Elizabethan Period Gi AwaKvsk bvUK Queen Elizabeth Gi mvgb g
nqQ| c_g g bvUK Gorboduc -1562 mvj|
AbK gb Kib, ZrKvjxb weLvZ Constantinople mvvRi cZbi ciB
ibmuv i nq|
Leonardo Da Vinci (Rb 1452, dvi, BZvwj) Gi weLvZ The Last
Supper, La Giaconda, Mona Lisa, Virtuvian Man, The Madonna
and Child ibmuv hyMi k wPKg| wZwbB c_g nwjKvii wP Ab
KiwQjb| (Ze 1740 mvj c_g nwjKvi Zwi Kiv nq)|
wjDbv`v ` wfw QvovI BZvwji gvBKj Gjv (1475) G hyMi weLvZ wPKi wQjb|
Zvi k wPKg njv gvRm, WwfW, wcqZv Ges The Creation of Adam|
Mona Lisa wfwi AuvKv KwZ nwjKvi Madonna and Child

a. The Elizabethan Period

Duration: 1558-1603
Titles of the Age:

Golden/Glorious Period of
English Literature/Drama
A nest of singing birds
(MvqK cvwLi evmv)
G hyMi wKQz iZc~Y Z_: ivbx GwjRve_

Queen Elizabeth (i) Gi bvgvbymvi G hyMi bvgKiY Kiv nq|
wZwb 1533 mvj RbMnY KiwQjb| ZvK Virgin Queen ejv nq|
wZwb wUDWi eski ivRv Henry (viii) I ivbx Anne Boleyn Gi Kbv wQjb|
GwjRve_i eqm hLb AvovB eQi ZLb Zvi gv Gwb evwjbK wki` Ki
nZv Kiv nq Ges GwjRve_K Aea mvb wnme NvlYv Kiv nq|
GB kZK (ibmuvi hyM) wLvb ag `ywU fvM wef nq co:
(a) Catholic/Papist: agi Pope Gi Abymvix
(b) Protestant: Against the Pope
Rvgvwbi ag msviK Martin Luther Ges Switzerland Gi Calvin
Ges Zwingli ZrKvjxb Pope I aghvRKì ^QvPvwiZvi wei
Protest KiwQjb| ZvB Zvì Abymvixì Protestant ejv nq|
ivRv Henry (viii) Zvi personal advantage (Z_v wZxq weq msv
welq) Gi Rb England G Protestantism Pvjy Kib| dj England
G Civil War i nq| ivbx Elizabeth 1558 mvj gZvq Gm
religious problems `~i Kivi Rb Anglicanism Pvjy Kivi gvag
Civil War Gi mgvw NUvb|
Anglicanism means Englands own church.
A good face is the best letter of recommendation.

(gvb, cnj `kb`vix di Y wePvix; GwU Queen Elizabeth Gi weLvZ Dw)
1560 mvj ivbx GwjRve_ jb West Minister Abbey bvg GKwU PvP cybwbgvY
Kib| GLvb wewUk ivRv ivbxì wmsnvmb AvivnY Abyvb I klKZ AbywZ nq|
GLvb 2q wekhy wbnZ AbK AvZbvgv hvvì mgvwa iqQ| GLvb Poets
Corner G Kwe Pmvi, wevbx wbDUb, ,
Uwbmb, evDwbs, nvwW, iWBqvW wKcwjs, WviDBbmn
AmsL weLvZ ewì mgvwa iqQ|
gb ivLybt
ivbx GwjRve_ Ges w`wji mvU AvKeii
Avgj 1600 mvj 218 Rb BsiR ewYKi
cPvq wewUk B Bwqv Kvvwb MwVZ nq|
ivbx GwjRve_ GB KvvwbK 21 eQi ch
GKPwUqv evwYR Kivi ivRKxq mb` c`vb mvU AvKei (1542 - 1605)
KiwQjb|
DjL, Gi AvM 1556 mvj cvwbc_i 2q hy AvdMvb bZv wngyK civwRZ
Kivi gvag mvU AvKei w`wji wmsnvmb jvf KiwQjb| 1576 mvji 12 RyjvB
ivRgnji hy AvKeii wbKU evsjv`ki ^vaxb myjZvb AvdMvb eskxq `vD` Lvb
Kiivbx civwRZ nj evsjv`k gvMj mvRi Aaxb Pj hvq|
Elizabethan Theatre Gi ewk:
1. There were no female writers in that period.
2. Women were not allowed to act.
3. The boys played the role of women.
4. Elizabethan tragedy Gi AbZg ewk wQj:
(a) Revenge (b) Love
5. First English Theatre was established in 1576.
G hyMi hme mvwnwZKì wbq Avgiv AvjvPbv KiwQ Zviv njb:
1. Thomas Norton & Thomas Sackville 2. Christopher Marlowe
3. Edmund Spenser 4. Nicholas Udall 5. Sir Thomas Wyatt 6. Sir
Philip Sidney 7. John Webster 8. Richard Hooker 9. George
Chapman 10. Ben Jonson 11. Thomas Kyd 12. Thomas Moore
13. Thomas Dekker 14. Arthur Golding 15. Nicholo Machiavelli
16. Cyril Tourneur 17. Migunl de Cervantes 18. Francis Bacon 19.
MvwjwjI 20. William Shakespeare
Elizabethan Period Gi wKQz iZc~Y mvwnwZK:
1. Thomas Norton (1532-1584) Ges

Thomas Sackville: (1536-1608)
Giv `yBRb Literary collaborator (mvwnZ mnhvMx) wQjb|
ZvìK pioneers (cw_Kr) of English tragedy-I ejv nq|
First Tragedy (weqvMvZK bvUK) in English:
The Tragedy of Gorboduc (ivRv MevWvKi UvRwW)
GwUi Ab bvg Ferrex and Porrex
GwU 18 Rvbyqvwi 1562 mvj ivbx GwjRve_i mvgb c_g g nq
evsjv mvwnZ c_g mv_K UvRwW njv gvBKj gaym~`b ì KKzgvix
2. Christopher Marlowe: (1564-1593)

Rbvb: Canterbury of England
wZwb GKRb University Wit-I wQjb|
29 eQi eqm Pii QzwiKvNvZ
(stabbing) wZwb wbnZ nb|

Title: Father of English Drama/ Tragedy (mv_K RbK)
wZwb Shakespeare Gi c~e England Gi k bvUKvi wQjb|

wZwb Shakespeare Gi Contemporary ev mgmvgwqK nIqv mI
predecessor/ c~em~wi jLK| (Though Marlowe and Shakespeare were born in
the same year, Shakespeare became prominent after Marlowes mysterious
early death.)
wZwb bvUK Blank verse (Awgvi Q`) ceZb Kib| (evsjv mvwnZ Awgvi
Qì ceZK gvBKj gaym~`b `)
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love Ges Hero and Leander
Zvi AbZg lyric (MxwZKweZv) gvjvi gZyi ci RR Pvcgvb Hero and
Leander KweZvwU mgv Kib|
Famous Tragedies of Marlowe:
(i) Doctor Faustus (Wi dvm&) ***

GwUK Morality play-I ejv nq|
cyiv bvg: The Tragical History
of Doctor Faustus
Faustus K Renaissance Hro ejv nq|
bvqK Faustus Zvi AvZvK 24 eQii Rb
kqZvbi KvQ wew KiwQj| Satanic figures-
Lucifer, Mephistophilis. Wi dvm& bvUKi
evsjv Abyev` KiQb wRqv nvq`vi (1936-2008)
(ii) The Jew (Ry) of Malta (Malta'i Bw`, Pov my`Lvi)
bMi KZci wei GK gvv wbevmx B`xi eeivwPZ cwZkva MnYi
Kvwnbx wbq G bvUKwU jLv nqQ| Bw`wUi bvg Barabas|
G bvUK co Shakespeare Zvi The Merchant of Venice wjLQb
ej aviYv Kiv nq|
(iii) Tambeurlaine the Great
GwU gvNj mgvU eveii c~ecyil ivRv Zgyi jsK wbq jLv

(iv) Edward (II): GwU GKwU historical play
(v) The Massacre of Paris (1593)
(vi) Dido, Queen of Carthage (1586; bvUK)
3. Edmund Spenser: (GWgv vi; 1552-1599)
Poets poet/ The poet of poets / Kweì Kwe ***
(evsjv mvwnZ Kweì Kwe wbgj`y Y)
Titles The Child of Renaissance and Reformation
Second Father of English Poetry
Court Poet/ Divine Master/ The Prince of Poets
Zvi gZzi ci e Kwe mvwnwZK wekl Ki
Romantic hyMi (1798-1832) KweMY Zvi
KweZvi Style AbymiY Kib| ZvB ZvK Kweì
Kwe ejv nq|
wZwb Spenserian Sonnet ceZb Kib|
Zvi mbU msKjbi bvg- Amoretti|
GWgv vi
vii weLvZ gnvKvei bvg:

The Faerie Queen (dqvwi KzBb; fvev_t cixi bvq myìx ivbx)*
ivbx GwjRve_i cksmv Ki GwU iwPZ
GB ig DcvLvbwU Allegory wnmeI LvZ
Gi Theme: Patriotism (Amgv gnvKve)
Red Cross Knight GB gnvKvei bvqK Ges Una wQjb bvwqKv|
Famous books and poems:
(i) The Shepherds Calendar (ivLvwjqv evivgvmv)
(ii) The Ruins of Time
(iii) Amoretti (Collection of 89 sonnets)
Sir Philip Sidneyi gZz wbq jLv Zvi GKwU weLvZ pastoral elegy
njv: Astrophel|
4. Nicholas Udall: (1505-1556)
Title: Father of English Comedy (wgjbvZK bvUK)***
First comedy in English:
Ralph Roister Doister (ivj&d iqvi Wqvi) ***
GwU e_ cgi KgwW; bvqK- ivj&d
GwU ivbx GwjRve_i eo mrevb Queen Mary Gi mvgb 1553 mvj
c_g g nq|
DjL, evsjv mvwnZi c_g mv_K KgwW gvBKj gaym~`bi cveZx|
Respublica bvg Zuvi GKwU Interlude (MfbvwUKv) AvQ|
Ze AbKB John Still iwPZ Gammer Gurtons Needle (1533)
KB BsiwR mvwnZi c_g comedy gb Kib|
5. Sir Thomas Wyatt: (1503-1542)
Dcvwa: Father of English sonnet***
First Sonneteer in English literature
Earl of Surrey wnme LvZ Kwe Henry Howard
Zvi Literary Collaborator wQjb|
wZwb BZvjxq Kwe Petrarch AbymiY KiZb Ges
Zvi avivq sonnet wjLZb|
Zvì h_ Kve- Tottels Miscellany (GwUK First Fruit of
Renaissance ejv nq)
we.`. Kwe Howard ivgvb fvlvi weLvZ Kwe fvwRji Aeneid (CwbW)
gnvKvei BsiwR Abyev` Kib|
* Sonnet is a form of poem consisting of three
quatrains ending with a rhyming couplet.
gb ivLyb * mbUi RbK: BZvjxq Kwe cvK
* evsjv mbUi RbK: gvBKj gaym~`b ` (PZz`kc`x KweZvejx)
* evsjv fvlvq BZvjxq mbUi ceZK: cg_ Payix
6. Sir Philip Sidney: (1554-1586)

A famous critic and was also a poet and soldier.
Sidney was one of the leading members of Queen
Elizabethan court.
Famous books:
(i) The Lady of May
(ii) An Apology for Poetry
(GwU GKwU mvwnZ mgvjvPbv M)
(iii) Arcadia (AvKwWqv; It is called the
embryo (seed/ Y) of English novel)
7. John Webster: (1580-1634)
Zuvi k bvUKjv Jacobean hyM iwPZ nq|
Famous tragedies:
(i) The White Devil
(ii) The Devils Law Case
(iii) The Duchess of Malfi**
GwU GKwU Revenge play
Bosola GB bvUKi KzLvZ Pwi
Bosola K Machiavellian/ selfish character ejv nq|
8. Richard Hooker: (1554-1600)
The greatest prose writer (M` jLK) of the Elizabethan period
Influential theologian and clergy man
9. George Chapman: (1559-1634)

wZwb Homer Gi Iliad Ges Odyssey Gi BsiwR Abyev` Kib|
BwjqvW GKwU MxK gnvKve| cvPxb Mxmi BwjIb knii bvgvbymvi G gnvKvei bvgKiY Kiv
nqQ| 16,000 cO&w wewk GB gnvKvei welqe Uqi hy, hwU njb bvgi GK bvixK
K` Ki msNwUZ nq| MxKì miv exi GwKwjm Ges Uqi miv exi ni| hy kl MxK
mbviv myiwZ I mvRvbv bMix UqK Rvwjq `q|
10. Ben Jonson: (1572-1637)

Father of English Realistic Comedy
Father of Comedy of Humours
(KgwW Ae wnDgvi gwWKj w_Dwii mv_ mwKZ|
`nZi cvPxb Pvi wnDgvi njv PviwU gwjK Zij
c`v_t i, klv, va ev njy` wc Ges welv` ev K eb Rbmb
wc| GB c`v_Myjvi cwigvY Ges `n Zvì DcwwZ I wgkYi cKwZ viv gvbyli
kvixwiK I PvwiwK UvBc wbavwiZ nq ej wekvm Kiv nZ| my Pwii ga me KwU
Dcv`vb mymgw^Zfve Dchy cwigvY DcwZ _vK|
gb ivLyb: eb Rbmb evbvb h bB|
wZwb Elizabethan period-G jLvjwL i KijI Jacobean period G ewk
myLvwZ jvf Kib| ivRv c_g Rgmi Avgj kwcqii ci ZvK k bvUKvi
gb Kiv nq|
Famous plays of Ben Jonson:
(i) Every Man in His Humour
(ii) Every Man Out of His Humour
(iii) The Silent Woman (or Epicoene)
(iv) Volpone (fjcvwb) or the Foxes
G bvUKi AbZg Pwi Mosca| GUvK beast fable-I ejv nq|
(v) The Alchemist
11. Thomas Kyd: (1558-1594)
A famous university wit
Title: Father of English Revenge Tragedy
(Ze BZvwjq bvUKvi Seneca K Father of Revenge Tragedy ejv nq)
Famous play of Kyd:
The Spanish Tragedy ( bvUK)
GwUK Bloody Drama ejv nq|
The Spanish Tragedy co Shakespeare Zvi Hamlet bvUKwU
jLvi AbyciYv cqwQjb|
12. Thomas More: (1478-1535)

Famous book:
Utopia (KvwbK ^MivR), [A kingdom of no-where; an
imaginary island where there is no problem]
GwU wZwb jvwUb fvlv _K BsiwR fvlvq Abyev` KiQb|
13. Thomas Dekker: (1572 1632)
was an English Elizabethan dramatist and pamphleteer, a versatile
and prolific writer.
14. Arthur Golding: (1536 1606)
an English translator of more than 30 works from Latin into English.
15. Niccolo Machiavelli: (gvwKqvfwj, 1469-1527)
Titles: Father of Modern Political Science
wZwb BZvwjZ RbMnY KiQb|
Zvi weLvZ M: The Prince ***
mvwnZ Machiavellian Character ejZ eySvq selfish character
Belief of Machiavellian character: The end justifies the means.
During the Italian Renaissance, Niccol Machiavelli established
the emphasis of modern political science on direct empirical
observation of political institutions and actors. Machiavelli was
also a realist, arguing that even evil means should be considered if
they help to create and preserve a desired regime.
A_vr, wZwb gZvq AvivnY ev KvwZ mvdj jvfi Rb mKj Aea cvK ea
gb KiZb|
16. Cyril Tourneur: (1575-1626)
Famous plays:
1) The Revengers Tragedy (1607)
2) The Atheists Tragedy (1611)
17. Migunl de Cervantes: (1547-1616)
bi weLvZ Kwe, bvUKvi I JcbvwmK
cavb mvwnZKg: Don Quixote (Wb KzBK&RvU)
GwUK AvaywbK BDivci c_g Ges AbZg miv Dcbvm
wnme MY Kiv nq|
18. Francis Bacon: (1561-1626)

Dcvwa:
Father of English Essay (ce)
Father of Modern Prose
Father of Empiricism
(AwfZvev`/ cqvMevì RbK)
First essayist in English literature
He was an English courtier (statesman), lawyer and natural
philosopher. covbv Kib KvgweR wekwe`vjq|
wZwb GKvavi Bsjvi Attorney General Ges Lord Chancellor wQjb|
Zvi mKj cei bvg Of w`q i nqQ| (hgb Of Studis, Of Love)
Famous quotes of Francis Bacon:
(i) Reading maketh a full man; conference (AvjvPbv) a ready
man; writing an exact man. (AvM es-K th jLv nZ)
(ii) Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.
(wkv gvbylK wZbwU wRwbm `q: Avb`, mvb Ges RxweKv DcvRbi gZv)
(iii) History makes man wise.
(iv) Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed
(MjvaKiY) and some few to be chewed and digested.
** (Dcii 4 wU quotation Of Studies ce AvQ)
(v) Wives are young mens mistresses, companions for the
middle age and old mens nurses. (Of Marriage and Single Life)
(vi) A mixture of lie does ever add pleasure. (Of Truth)
(vii) A good friend is another himself. (Of Friendship)
(viii) It is impossible to love and be wise. (Of Love)
(fvjem KD vbx nZ cvibv)
(ix) Suspicions among thoughts are like bats among birds.
(wPvi ga m`n, cvwLì ga ev`yoi gZ)
(x) Opportunity makes a thief. (myhvM gvbylK Pvi evbvq)
(xi) The secret of success is the constancy of purpose.
(mdjZvi Mvcb inm njv Dk AwePj _vKv)
(ix) Revenge is a kind of wild justice. (Of Revenge)

(x) Silence is the sleep that nourishes wisdom.
(xi) Unmarried men are best friends, best masters, best servants
but not always best subjects (wbfihvM ew).
(Of Marriage and Single Life)
(xii) Old wood best to burns, old wine to drink, old friends to trust
and old author to read.
we.`: Father of English
Famous books of Francis Bacon: Prose ck Alfred the
(i) Advancement of Learning Great ev John Wycliff
(ii) Novum Orgamum Gi bvg bv _vKj Francis
BaconK Father of
(iii) The Wisdom of Ancients
English prose ejv nq|
(iv) Divine and Humane
(v) The New Atlantis
19. MvwjwjI MvwjjB: (Galileo Galilei; 1564-1642)

AvaywbK RvwZwevbi RbK
BZvwjq c`v_wevbx, RvwZwevbx, MwYZ I `vkwbK
Galileo has been called the
"father of observational astronomy", the
"father of modern physics", and the "father
of science".
He played a major role in the scientific revolution during the
Renaissance.
wZwb `~iexY hi Avwevi Kib Ges enwZ Mni mvb LyuR cvb|
His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic
confirmation of the phases of Venus, the discovery of the four
largest satellites of Jupiter (named the Galilean moons in his
honour), and the observation and analysis of sunspots.
weLvZ Dw- m~h cw_exi Pviw`K bq, eis cw_ex m~hi Pviw`K NyiQ|
(Ze G K_vwU wLc~e 3q A RvwZwe` AvwiKvm c_g ejwQjb|)
20. William Shakespeare: (1564-1616)

Birth: 23 April 1564 (gZvi 26 April)
Death: 23 April 1616n (52 eQi eqm)
Birth place: Stratford-upon-Avon
GB kniwU Warwickshire G AewZ;
Gfb GKwU b`xi bvg|
Titles:
gb ivLyb:
National poet of England gvjv, kwcqi
The greatest dramatist Ges wevbx
MvwjwjI GB
The greatest superstar of the world wZbRb GKB
King without crown (gKzUwenxb mvU) mvj (1564)
RbMnY KiQb|
The Bard of Avon (Gfbi bard/ Kwe)
(hgb, gvBKj gaym~`b `K KcvZvi Kwe ejv nq|)
William Shakespeare K Poet of Human Nature wnmve AvLvwqZ
KiQb Dr. Samuel Johnson|
Shakespeare Gi Nickname njv: The Swan of Avon
Father: John Shakespeare (wZwb GKRb wkx wnme cwiwPZ)
Mother: Mary Shakespeare (W. Shakespeare Zvì PZy_ mvb)
Wife: Anne Hathaway (8 years senior to Shakespeare- 18:26); weq
Kib 1582 mvj

ckvMZ Rxeb wZwb GKRb Actor (AwfbZv) wQjb; bvUK KiZb Globe
Theatre G| Shakespeare K Trinity Church G mgvwnZ Kiv nq|
Francis Meres bvgK GK AvBbRxex 1598 mvj kwcqiK Britains
greatest dramatist wnme NvlYv Kib
Shakespeare was famous for:
(i) 37 plays ( ; wU ivbxi Rxekvq, evwKjv Jacobean
period G iwPZ)
(ii) 154 sonnets
(iii) 2 long narrative poems (eYbvg~jK/ KweZv)
wZwb Jacobean Period G AbK iZc~Y bvUK wjLjI ZuvK Elizabethan
period Gi bvUKviB ejv nq| Zvi Rxekvq 18 wU bvUK cKvwkZ nq|
Shakespeare wrote four types of play:

(i) Tragedy (12 wU)
(ii) Comedy (15 wU)
(iii) Tragi-comedy
(Tragi-comedy Gi ceZK
wQjb Shakespeare wbRB)
(iv) Historical play
GB Globe Theatre G Shakespeare
His each play consists of Gi AwaKvsk bvUK g nqQ
five (5) acts
Shakespeare composed much of his plays in iambic pentameter.
Soliloquy means- ^MZvw; a speech by an actor on a lonely stage.
Soliloquy-Z AwfbZvi gbi K_v kvZv bZ cvq|
Aside means- GKv; a brief comment by a character
addressing the audience, unheard by other characters.
Shakespeare Gi mbU:
He is the innovator (ceZK) of Shakespearean Sonnet.
wZwb i AbK mbU ez Earl of Southampton K DrmM Kib|

Sonnet Style: Three quatrains and a couplet (4 + 4 + 4 + 2)
The rhyme scheme (Awgj) of his sonnet: abab, cdcd, efef, gg
Shakespeare Gi wKQz weLvZ KweZv:
(i) The Rape of Lucrece (GwU narrative poem) gb ivLyb:
Quatrain- A
(ii) A Lovers Complaint stanza of four
(iii) The Passionate Pilgrim lines.
(iv) The Phoenix and the Turtle Quintain-A

stanza of five
(wdwb GKwU mythological bird)
lines.
(v) Venus and Adonis (Narrative poem)
(Ze Adonais bvg GKwU weLvZ elegy wjLQb Romantic Kwe P B Shelley)
Shakespeare Gi weLvZ Tragi-comedy/Problem play:

(a) The Merchant of Venice: (fwbmi ewYK)
GB bvUKi weLvZ wKQz Pwi:
(i) Antonio
(ii) Shylock (my`Lvi Bw` / Jew userer)
(iii) Portia (bvwqKv)- Zvi law trick Gi KviY Antonio euP hvb my`Lvi
Bw` Shylock Gi nvZ _K|
(iv) Bassanio (v) Jessica
Merchant of Venice Gi wKQz weLvZ Dw:
(i) It is a wise father that knows his own child.
(wZwbB we evev whwb Zvi mvb mK AeMZ)
(ii) All that glitters is not gold.
(iii) Love is blind.
(iv) In sooth, I know not why I am so sad.
(b) Alls Well that Ends Well: ( fvjv hvi, me fvjv Zvi)
(c) Measure for Measure: (hgb KzKzi Zgb gyi)
GwUK Dark/Black comedy/ problem play-I ejv nq _vK|
"Measure for Measure" is neither a pure tragedy nor a fair
comedy. It is a tragi-comedy because it "ends with forced
marriages, not necessarily true love." Source: nosweatshakespeare.com
GB bvUKi weLvZ wKQz Dw:
(a) Some rise by sin and some by virtue fall.
(cvc Kviv Dvb nq Ges c~Y Kviv cZb nq|)
(b) The miserable have no other medicine but only hope.
Shakespeare Gi HwZnvwmK bvUK:

wZwb wZbRb ivRvK wbq 10 wU historical play wjLQb|
(i) King Henry
(ii) King John
(iii) King Richard
Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. (gyKzU cwiwnZ
ew ^wZ NygvZ cvi bv)- DwwU Henry (iv) G AvQ|
Men of few words are the best men. Henry (v)
Henry (VI) kwcqii c_g bvUK|
Shakespeare Gi weLvZ Tragedies:

a. Hamlet: ((1602 mvj iwPZ)
WbgvK mvgvRi cUf~wgZ iwPZ GwU kwcqii meenr UvRwW| WbgvK ivRnZv Ges
cyi cjw^Z cwZkva- G bvUKi g~j DcRxe welq| G bvUK 7 wU Soliloquy iqQ|
Hamlet ki AvwfavwbK A_
A small village that doesnt have its own church
Hamlet bvUKi weLvZ wKQz Pwi:
(i) King Hamlet (WbgvKi ivRv)
(ii) Prince Hamlet
(cy+protagonist/central character, Rvgvwbi
Wittenberg wekwe`vjq covbv KiZb)
(iii) Gurtrude (gv) - welcvb gviv hvq|
(iv) Claudius (PvPv)- Hamlet Gi QzwiKvNvZ
gviv hvq|
(v) Horatio (nvivwkI; ngjUi ey)
(vi) Ophelia (heroine; Idwjqv) cvwbZ Wze gviv hvq|
(vii) Laertes (Polonius' son and Ophelia's brother)
Hamlet bvUKi wKQz weLvZ Dw:
To be or not to be that is the question. (a soliloquy of Hamlet)
GwU viv indecisiveness of human mind / gvbe gbi wmvnxbZvK
eySvbv nqQ| Every modern man is a Hamlet.
Frailty, thy name is woman. (bvixi Aci bvg Aejv ev `yejZv)
The play is a thing, where I will catch the conscience of the king.
"What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite
in faculties, in form and moving how express and admirable, in
action how like an angel, in apprehension how like a god!"
Brevity is the soul of wit. (msw K_vB iwmKZvi cvY)
There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so.
(cw_exZ fvjv-g` ejZ wKQz bvB, wPvB fvj-g` Zwi Ki)
There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are
dreamt of in our philosophy. (nvivwkI, ^M I cw_exZ Ggb AbK welq
iqQ hv Avgiv ^cI Kbv KiZ cvwibv)
Neither a borrower nor a lender be;

For loan oft loses both itself and friend
(avi`vZv I aviMnxZv KvbUvB nqv bv, KviY avi ez Ges A_ DfqB b Ki)
There is divinity that shapes our end. (fvMB P~ov cwiYwZi w`K wbq hvq)
When sorrows come, they come not single spies but in
battalions. (wec` GKvwK Avm bv; m`jej Avm)
b. Macbeth:
GwU kwcqii mevcv z`vKvi UvRwW| Ujvi ivRv WvbKvbK nZvi c~e Ges
cieZx NUbvcx G bvUKi g~j DcRxe welq| bvUKi iyZ UjvK biIqi mv_
hyiZ `Lv hvq| ivRv WvbKvbi cyi bvg Malcolm|
Macbeth bvUKi weLvZ wKQz Pwi:
(i) King Duncan (Scotland Gi ivRv)
(ii) Three Witches (3 WvBwb; gvKe_K Zviv wZbwU fwellvYx Ki)
(iii) Macbeth ( A brave general + protagonist of the play)
(iv) Lady Macbeth (wife of Macbeth, ZvK Super-witchI ejv nq)
(v) Banquo (Macbeth Gi mnhvv) (vi) Macduff (a nobleman)
Macbeth bvUKi wKQz weLvZ Dw:
Fair is foul, foul is fair,
Hover through the fog and filthy air.
(A_vr fvjv gvì g`, g` gvì fvjv
- bvUKi iZ wZb WvBwb GB MvbwU MqwQj)
Your face is a book,
Where man may read strange matters.
Look like an innocent flower
But be the serpent under it.
(Macbeth K Lady Macbeth Gi civgk)
Here is still the smell of blood.
All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.
(Lamentation of Lady Macbeth)
Life is but a walking shadow. (GwU Metaphor Gi D`vniY)
Rxeb GKUv Pjgvb Qvqv (Macbeth)
Life is a tale, told by an idiot, (GwUI Metaphor Gi D`vniY)
Full of sound and fury
Signifying nothing. (famous soliloquy of Macbeth)
c. Othello (The Moor):

I_jv bvUKi K`xq Pwi I_jv- whwb BZvwji fwbwmqvb mbvevwnbxi
GKRb gywik Rbvij (gyi- gahyM givi gymwjg Awaevmx)| eYev`, Blv I
fvjvevmvi Awfbe mswgkY GB bvUKi g~j DcRxe| I_jvi fyj m`ni wbgg ewj
nZ nqQ Zvi x WmwWgbvK|
A Domestic Tragedy (h bvUK ^vgx x-KZK A_ev x ^vgx-KZK wbnZ nq)
Theme: Fatal consequence of doubt (m`ni gvivZK Kzdj)
Othello gave Desdemona a handkerchief as a token of love.
gbvwevb, I_jv wmbWg ejZ m`nevwZK ev gvbwmK weKviM ivMxi Aev eySvq|
I_jv bvUKi weLvZ wKQz Pwi:
Othello ( a brave Moorish solder)
Desdemona (heroine)
Brabantio (Venetian Senator, father of Desdemona)
Iago (Bq, lohKvix/ wfjb)
Cassio (assistant of Othello)
d. King Lear:
A tragedy of an arrogant king
Father of three daughters
Goneril (myweavfvMx Ze wekvmNvZK)
Regan (myweavfvMx Ze wekvmNvZK)
Cordelia(myweav ewZ Ze loyal/wek)
King Lear bvUKi wKQz weLvZ Dw:
I am a man more sinned against than sinning (
King Lear Gi gZ, How sharper than a serpents tooth it is

To have a thankless child.
My love is richer than my tongue. (Avgvi fvjvevmv gyL eySvbv me bq)
Nothing will come of nothing.
e) Julius Caesar:
Was a ruler of Rome about 2000 years ago
wZwb 46 wLc~ev ivgi mvU nqwQjb
wmRvii wekvmNvZK (betrayer)ez: Brutus (eUvm)
wmRvii weLvZ Dw:

Veni, Vidi, Vici (I came, I saw, I conquered).
-GwU climax Gi D`vniY| KvBgv ejZ, GKB aiYi kQ
eenvi Ki GKwU wekl fveK Zy/ kxlwe`yZ wbq hvIqv evSvq|
Cowards die many times before their death,
But the valiant never taste of death but once.***
(fxiiv gZzi c~e eevi gi; wK exiiv gZzK eiY Ki GKevi)
Brutus, you too! (eUvm, ZzwgI!)
f) Romeo and Juliet:
A tragedy of eternal love
Romeo and Juliet belong to two ever
hostile families.
ivwgI Ges RywjqUi cwievii ga kZvi mK
wQj| ci Zviv kZ evav Dcv Ki bvbv bvUKxqZvi gvS weq Ki| mekl `yB
cwievii kZvi Ri welcvb AvZnZv Ki GB cwgK hyMj|
g) Antonio and Cleopatra:
Cleopatra was a queen of Egypt (wgki)
ivbx wKIcUvK Serpent of the Nile
(bxj bì mc) ejv nq|
Ze Caesar and Cleopatra bvg GKwU weLvZ
Play wjLQb Father of Modern English
Literature bvg LvZ G B Shaw|
wgkixq ivbx wKIcUv I Zvi cavb mbvcwZ GUvwb
c_g `kbB ciii cg co hvb Ges ivRKxq NvZ-cwZNv Dcv Ki Zviv
weq Kib| aviYv Kiv nq, ivgvbì mv_ hyiZ Aevq wKIcUv wbnZ nevi
wg_v msev` b GUvwb AvZnZv Kib| ci wKIcUv G Lei RvbZ ci wbRi
mv_ memgq ivLv welv mvci Kvgo AvZnZv Ki|
h) Titus Andronicus:
GwU GKwU Tragedy
Titus Andronicus was a renowned Roman general.
i) Timon of Athens:
GwU Unfinished/ Incomplete play
GwU Shakespeare Gi 38Zg Play; wZwb GwU kl Kivi mgq cvbwb|
Famous quote: Life is an uncertain voyage.
Shakespeare Gi weLvZ Comedies:

1. As You Like It:
Theme: Love at first sight
GB bvUKi weLvZ wKQz Pwi:
Orlando, Rosalind, Celia, Duke Senior
GB bvUKi wKQz weLvZ Dw:
All the worlds a stage (GwUI Metaphor Gi D`vnviY)
And all the men and women are merely players.
(mgM cw_exUvB GKUv ig Ges me gvbe-gvbex GB gi Kzkxje)
Sweet are the uses of adversity. (`y:Li cqvRbxqZv gayi)
Under the green wood tree/ Who loves to lie with me, And
turn his merry note/ Unto the sweet bird's throat,/ Come hither, come
hither, come hither/ Here shall he see/ No enemy/ But winter and rough
weather. (meyR ebvbxi wbP- GwU GKwU Song; GZ winter viv k Ges Tree viv
Forest eySvbv nqQ|)
Blow, blow the winter wind (eq hvI kxZi evZvm/
Thou (you) are not so unkind Zzwg AZ wb`q bI/
As mans ingratitude. gvbyli AKZvi gZ)
2. Comedy of Errors:
Gi evsjv Abyev` KiQb CkiP` we`vmvMi vwwejvm bvg| bvUK `Lv
hvq, GK KvV eemvqx Zvi KvRi jvKK mv_ wbq wbR kni Qo Ab GKwU kni eemvi
KvR Avm| wK GB kniB Zvi Pnvivi e Ab GK f`jvK AvQb; GgbwK `yRb PvKiiI
GKB Pnviv| iy nq vw wejvm| Aekl Rvbv hvq, Giv PviRb `yB Rvov RgR| QvUejvq
hviv GK `yNUbvq wewQb nqwQj|
3. Twelfth Night: (G bvUKi mve-UvBUjt Or, What You Will)
Some are born great, some achieve greatness
and some have greatness thrust upon them.
(KD gnr nq Rbvq, KD gnZv ARb Ki Ges Kviv Dci gnZv Pvwcq `qv nq)
If music be the food of love, play on.
Love sought is good but given unsought is better.
4. The Taming of the Shrew:

GB bvUKi weLvZ evsjv Abyev` Kib gybxi Payix-
gyLiv igYx ekxKiY bvg|
* GB bvUK Katherine bvgK GKwU bvix PwiK
Shrew (Kjnwcq igYx) wnme Dcvcb Kiv nqQ|
5. Mid Summer Nights Dream:
A romantic comedy
Love looks not with the eyes but with the mind.
The course of true love never did run smooth.
6. The Tempest :(
A_: `~i So/ violent storm
Calliban, Ariel, Prospereo, Miranda
-G bvUKi weLvZ Pwi
GwUK Shakespeare Gi Swan song (last work) ejv nq|
gb ivLyb: jbi White Hall cvmv`wU 1530 _K 1698 wLv ch wewUk
ivR cwievii evmfeb wQj| 1611 mvji 1 bfî ivRv c_g Rgmi mvgb G
nvqvBU njB The Tempest bvUKwU c_g g nq|
Other Comedies of Shakespeare:

1 The Two Gentleman of Verona
2 The Merry Wives of Windsor
3 The Winters Tale (a romance comedy,
AbK GwUK Tragi-comedy gb Kib)
4 Cymbeline (a romance)
5 Pericles, Prince of Tyre
6 The Two Nobel Kinsman
7 Troilus and Cressida
Dw: The common curse of mankind folly and ignorance.
8 Much Ado About Nothing (AKviY nP)
9 Loves Labours Lost (cgi dj e_v Mj)
*** Ze Loves Labours Won Ges The History of Cardenio
bvgi `ywU bvUK jLvi ci Shakespeare nvwiq djQb|
University Wits Kx/ Kviv?

Elizabethan Period Gi GK`j Young dramatist and
pamphleteers (z` cywKv iPwqZv)|
Zviv Oxford Ges Cambridge University Gi scholar/witty
students wQjb|
Zviv AbK weLvZ bvUK iPbv I g Kivi gvag LvwZ ARb KiwQjb|
weLvZ University Wits njb (cvq 7 Rb):

Christopher Marlowe: (1564-1593)
wZwb kwcqi c~eeZx k bvUKvi wQjb| ZvK wbq G hyMi iZB
Avgiv wevwiZ AvjvPbv KiwQ|
Thomas Kyd:
wZwb G `ywU University Gi Qv bv nqI
University Wits Gi Afy wQjb|
Robert Greene:: (1558-1592)
Friar Bacon Zvi weLvZ Comedy|
George Peele (cxj): (1556-1596) The house, believed to be
The Old Wifes Tale Shakespeare's birthplace,
Famous Chronicle of King Edward (I) in Stratford-upon-Avon
Thomas Nashe: (1567-1601)

Summers Last Will and Testament Zvi weLvZ bvUK|
ZvK The greatest of English Elizabethan pamphleteers ejv nq|
John Lyly: (1553-1606)
King Midas Ges The Woman in the Moon Zvi weLvZ bvUK;
The Anatomy of Wit Zvi k M|
Thomas Lodge: (1553-1606)
wZwb GKRb Physician wQjb
wZwb GwjRve_vb I RKvweqvb hyM jLvjwL Kib|
b. The Jacobean Period

Duration: 1603-1625
G hyMi wKQz iZc~Y Z_:
This age was named after King James (I),
who reigned England from 1603-1625.
1603 mvj GwjRve_i gZzi ci Stuart
eski ivRv c_g Rgm& GKB mgq Bsjv I
Ujvi ivRv nb|
King James K The Wisest Fool ejv nq|
KviY wZwb wbRK Ckii cwZwbwa gb KiZb |
Latin fvlvq James K Jacobus ejv nq| Stuart eski ivRv James i
Jacobean kwU Jacobus k _K D`&MZ|

1608 mvj ivRv James (I) Gi mycvwikc wbq Kvb nwK evwYR KzwV
vcbi Dk mvU Rvnvxii (16051627)
ìevi Avmb| 1613 mvj GK digvbi gvag
mvU Rvnvxii AbygwZZ myivU c_g BsiR KzwV
vwcZ nq Ges wKQz w`bi gaB Abvb vbmn
MwjZ evwYR KzwV vwcZ nq| G mgq Emperor Jahangir (16051627)
BsiRiv webv evwYR Kivi AwaKvi cvb|
DjL, mye`vi Bmjvg Lvb 1608 (gZvi 1610) mvj fu~Bqvì `gb Kivi
Dk evsjvi ivRavbx ivRgnj _K XvKvq vbvi Kib Ges XvKvK
RvnvxibMi bvgKiY Kib|
PZz_ gvNj mvU Nuruddin Salim Jahangir Bsjvi ivRv James (I) K
wbv cwU wjLwQjb:
Upon which assurance of your royal love I have given my general
command to all the kingdoms and ports of my dominions to receive all
the merchants of the English nation as the subjects of my friend; that in
what place soever they choose to live, they may have free liberty without
any restraint; and at what port soever they shall arrive, that neither
Portugal nor any other shall dare to molest their quiet; and in what city
soever they shall have residence, I have commanded all my governors

and captains to give them freedom answerable to their own desires; to
sell, buy, and to transport into their country at their pleasure.
For confirmation of our love and friendship, I desire your Majesty
to command your merchants to bring in their ships of all sorts of rarities
and rich goods fit for my palace; and that you be pleased to send me your
royal letters by every opportunity, that I may rejoice in your health and
prosperous affairs; that our friendship may be interchanged and eternal.
Nuruddin Salim Jahangir, Letter to James I.
Jacobean Period Gi kli 5 eQi Puritan Period (1620-1660)
Gi Af y |
GB hyMi Kweiv Metaphysical poetry Gi Rb weLvZ|
G me KweZvi welq Abstract (YwelqK)|
Meta means beyond (Qvov); Physics means physical.
G me KweZvi welqe nj `wnK welq _K Aegy|
hgb t Love, God, Soul, Death etc.
W. mvgyqj Rbmb G hyMi KweìK Metaphysical poet
wnme AvLvwqZ Kib|
G hyMi hme Metaphysical poet ì wbq Avgiv AvjvPbv KiwQ Zviv njb:
1. John Donne (Rb Wvb) 2. Andrew Marvell 3. Henry
Vaughan (nbwi fb) 4. George Herbert 5. Cowley (KvDwj)
Jacobean Period Gi wKQz mvwnwZK:
1. John Donne: (Rb Wvb, 1572-1631)

Titles:
Father/ Leader of Metaphysical poets
Poet of love
(Ze x Gvwb Wvbi gZzi ci Kwe e agxq KweZv wjLb)
Famous book: An Anatomy of the World
Famous poems:
The Good Morrow (mycfvZ)***
The Sun Rising
G KweZvq Kwe m~hK wZivi Kib| (Ze The Sun Also Rises bvg GKwU
Dcbvm wjLQb AvgwiKvi weLvZ JcbvwmK Earnest Hamingway)
The Canonization (cweKiY)
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning (we`vq ejvq kvK cKvk wbwl)
The Flea
The Undertaking
Twicknam Garden
For Whom The Bell Tolls (Gi Ab bvg No Man Is An Island ev KD
wewQb xc bq| Ze For Whom The Bell Tolls bvg Avb nwgsIqi GKwU
weLvZ Dcbvm iqQ)
Famous quotes:
(i) I wonder by my truth, what thou and I did till we love.
Avgvi wekvmi Kmg, Avwg wewZ nB fe Zywg-Avwg wK KiZvg fvjvevmvi AvM|
(The Good Morrow)
(ii) For love, all love of other sights control and make a little room an
everywhere. fvjvevmv Ab mKj Abyf~wZK wbqY Ki Ges QvU NiK Ki
Zyj wek PivPi| (The Good Morrow)
(iii) Busy old fool, unruly sun
Why dost thou thus?
Through windows and through curtains
Call on us? (The Sun Rising)
(iv) Shes all states and all princesses I,

Nothing else is. (The Sun Rising)
(v) For Gods sake, hold your tongue and let me love.
(v ; )-The Canonization
Kwe iex`bv_ VvKzi Zvi kli KweZv bvgK ivgvwUK Kveagx Dcbvm
John Donne Gi GB jvBbwU GKvwaKevi DZ KiQb| (DjL, kli KweZvi
GKwU weLvZ Dw njv MnY KiQ hZ, FYx ZZ KiQ Avgvq- n ez we`vq|)
(vi) If they be two, they are two so,
As stiff twin compasses are two.
(GwU A Valediction KweZv _K bIqv)
2. Andrew Marvell: (1621-1678)
wZwb gnvKwe wgjUbi Nwb Ges AbyciYv`vbKvix ez wQjb| Ze John
Donne Gi Abymvix wQjb|
Famous poems:
(i) To His Coy Mistress (jveZxK)
k KweZv|
(ii) The Definition of Love
(Theme: out of sight, near to mind)
(iii) The Garden
(iv) An Horatian Ode
3. Henry Vaughan: (nbwi fb; 1621-1695)

wZwb GKRb weLvZ Metaphysical poet, Ze ckvMZ Rxeb
Physician wQjb|
Famous poems:
Mount of Oliver
The Chemists Key
Silex Scintillans
(He is chiefly known for this religious poetry)
4. George Herbert: (1593-1633)

Title: Religious Poet
wZwb GKvavi Kwe Ges hvRK (Priest) wQjb|
Famous poems:
(i) The Collar
(ii) The Easter Wings
(GB KweZvq Kwe hx wLi
cybivii K_v ejQb)
(iii) On the Progress of Soul
(iv) The Temple
(v) Affliction
Quote: Help thyself (yourself) and God will help thee (you).
(wbRK mvnvh Ki, Avjvn ZvgvK mvnvh Kieb)
5. Cowley: (KvDwj; 1618-1667)

cyiv bvg : Avevnvg KvDwj|
Poem : Constantia and Philetus
Famous quotes:
Life is an incurable disease.
Of all ills that one endures, hope is a cheap and universal
cure.
Curiosity does, no less than devotion, pilgrims make.
God the first garden made, and the first city Cain.
For the whole world, without a native home,
Is nothing but a prison of larger room.
c. The Caroline Period

Duration: 1625-1649

This age was named after Charles (I),
who reigned England from 1625-1649.
Caroline is derived (Drcw) from Carolous
which is Latin version of Charles.
GwUI Puritan hyMi Af~, Bsjvi Mnhyi Kvj|
King Charles (I)
GB mgq Bsjv Cavaliers (Supporter of King)
Ges Roundheads (Supporter of Parliament) Gi ga civil war PjwQj|
GB Mnhy Cavalier-iv civf~Z nq Ges 30 Rvbyqvwi 1649 mvj ivRv c_g PvjmK
ai wki` Kiv nq| (King Charles (I) was caught and publicly
beheaded.)
Gi dj Bsjvi ivRZi cZb NU|
ZrKvjxb ivRZi mg_K KweìK Cavalier poet ejv nq| Zviv Secular
(agwbic) wQjb| Gme KweìK Sons of Ben (bvUKvi eb Rbmbi Abymvix)
ejv nq| G hyMi weLvZ Cavalier poet njb: Robert Herrick|
Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell came to power 1649.
GB hyM AvbyvwbKfve Drama e Ki Ìqv nq| KviY wQj Puritan attack|
GB hyMI Metaphysical Kweì KweZv weLvZ wQj|
1628 mvj wewUk cvjvgU gvbevwaKvi msv Petition of Rights AvBb cvm nq|
1633 mvj mvU kvnRvnvb BsiRìK nwinicyi evwYRKzwV vcbi AbygwZ `b|
1636 mvj hyivi gvmvPzmUm G weLvZ Harvard wekwe`vjq cwZwZ nq|
-
-

Caroline Period Gi GKRb iZc~Y mvwnwZK:
Robert Herrick: (1591-1674)

A famous poet of Caroline period
ZvK The greatest Cavalier poet ejv nq
KviY wZwb ivRvi mg_K wQjb|
wZwb clergyman (hvRK) wQjb|
nwiKi weLvZ KweZv:
To Daffodils
GB KweZvi Theme njv 'short living of human being' ev 'Life is short, so
live to the fullest'| A_vr Daffodil dyji gZ gvbyli Rxeb czwUZ nq GK mgq
Si hvq| Daffodil KweK gZzi K_v gb Kwiq `q| G KweZvq Hasting day
ejZ Hurriedly passing day eySvbv nqQ Ges Human life K Summers
morning dew Gi mv_ Zzjbv Kiv nqQ|
Ze The Daffodils (I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud) bvg GKwU weLvZ KweZv
wjLQb ivgvwUK hyMi Kwe William Wordsworth (GwUi welqe njv- cKwZi wbivgq
gZv AvQ|)
Other poems of Herrick:
Delight in Disorder
The Night Piece of Julia
His Slitany to the Holy Spirit
(GwUK Sacred poem ejv nq)
Famous quotes from To Daffodils:
Fair daffodils, we weep to see
You haste away so soon;
We have a short time to stay, as you,
We have as short a spring;
Never to be found again. (The last line of To daffodils)
(fvev_t Dj WvdvwWj hZ `wL wfR DV PvL/ KZB bv `yZ Pj hvq/ Zvgvì gZ
GK msw Rxeb| Avgvì heb emKvji gZB, GmB Avevi Pj hvq/ cjK divjB
bvB, me duvKv|)
d. The Commonwealth Period

Duration: 1649-1660
GB hyMI puritan hyMi Af
z |
There was no monarch in England
in this period.
KviY 1649 mvj ivRv c_g PvjmK wki` Kiv
nqwQj| Oliver Cromwell
1658 mvj Oliver Cromwell Gi gZzi ci Zvi cy Richard Cromwell
England Gi gZvq AvivnY Kib Ges wZwb A
(became gradually unpopular)|
Then English people realized that Monarchy was essential for them.
1658 mvj mvU AvIiRei Avgj (16581707)
B Bwqv Kvvwbi GKRb cwZwbwa wnme Rgm nvU
XvKv cek Kivi ga w`q evsjvq BsiR AvMgb i nq|
AvIiRei
l wl
bKi
Commonwealth Period Gi wKQz mvwnwZK:
1) Thomas Hobbes: (1588-1679)

A political philosopher
Zvi weLvZ eBqi bvg- Leviathan
(GB M nem& mvgvwRK Pywi c hyw c`k Kib)
Quote: The end of knowledge is power.
2) Jeremy Taylor: (1613-1667)

Famous prose:
Holy Living Holy Dying
Previous Questions
The Old English Period to The Renaissance Period
01. Which is the oldest period in English Literature? [mve-iwRvi

wbevPbx cixv- 1992 / Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2010-2011]
(a) Anglo-Norman (b) Anglo-Saxon
(c) Chaucer's Period (d) Middle Ans. b
02. Which one of the following is first long poem in English? [miKvwi
gvawgK we`vjqi mnKvix wkK- 2006]
(a) The Wanderer (b) Beowulf
(c) The Seafarer (d) Dream of the Road Ans. b
03. Choose the right answer: Chaucer is the representative poet of-
[AvBb, wePvi I msm` gYvjqi mve iwRvi- 2012]
(a) 17th century (b) 14th century
(c) 16 the century (d) 18th century Ans. b
04. Who is known as the father of English poetry? Who is called
the father of English Poetry? [PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) Milton (b) Wordsworth
(c) Chaucer (d) Charles Dickens Ans. c
05. Who is the father of Modern English Poetry? [Lyjbv wekwe`v. fwZ c- 2010-11]
(a) Cynewulf (b) Geoffrey Chaucer
(c) Robert Browning (d) None of the above Ans. b
06. The Canterbury Tales are told by- [cvmcvU Awaìi mn .cwiPvjK-2011]
(a) Geoffrey Chaucer (b) John Wycliffe
(c) Boccaccio (d) Thomas Barth Ans. a
07. The Canterbury Tales is as alive and---today as it was nearly
600 years ago. [XvKv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2010-11]
(a) appealing (b) fruitful (c) repelling (d) enhanting Ans. a
08. Geoffrey Chaucer wrote [cwiek Awaìi mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2011]
(a) Canterbury Tales (b) Piers Plowman
(c) Morte d Arthur (d) The Maids Tragedy Ans. a
09. Who is considered to be the father of English Poem? [moK I Rbc_
Ges MYc~Z Awaìi Dc-mncKkjx (wmwfj) c` wbqvM cixv- 2001]
(a) William Langland (b) Thomas Moore
(c) Rozer Bacon (d) Geoffrey Chaucer Ans. d
10. Who translated the Bible into English for the first time?
[wcGmwmi mnKvix cwiPvjK Ges cvmcvU Av BwgMkb mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2016]
(a) Nicolas Udall (b) Thomas Norton Ans. c
(c) John Wycliffe (d) Edmund Spenser
11. Who translated The New Testament?

[WvK I UwjhvMvhvM gYvjqi wnmveiY KgKZv- 2003]
(a) Langland (b) John Wycliffe
(c) Layaman (d) Touci Ans. b
12. Renaissance means [PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ- 2007-08]
(a) regain (b) reborn
(c) re-arrange (d) rebirth Ans. d
13. Renaissance means [WvK I UwjhvMvhvM gYvjqi Uwjdvb evWi mnKvix
cwiPvjK / wnmve iY KgKZv cixv- 2004]
(a) the revival of learning (b) the revival of hard task
(c) the revival of life (d) the revival of new country Ans. a
14. Renaissance K_vwUi A_ wK? [gnvwnmve iK I wbixK Awdmi AaxK cixv- 1998]
(K) gZz (L) evaK
(M) cpZ (N) beRxeb Di: N
15. The beginning of the Renaissance may be traced to the city
of[Rbkw I Kgmsvb eyviv Dc-cwiPvjK- 2001]
(a) Venice (b) London
(c) Paris (d) Florence Ans. d
16. Renaissance is word.
(a) an Italian (b) a Russian
(c) a European (d) a French Ans. a
17. Where did the Renaissance start from?
(a) England (b) Germany
(c) Italy (d) U.S.A Ans. c
18. The main feature of the Renaissance is
(a) Humanism (b) Utopia
(c) Polyolbian (d) Opus Majas (a)
19. Who is the 'University Wits' in the following list? [îv gYvjqi
Aaxb ewnivMgb I cvmcvU Awaìi mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2011]
(a) William Shakespeare (b) Thomas Gray
(c) Robert Greene (d) John Dryden Ans. c
20. Elizabethan tragedy is centred on- [kg Awaìi Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkK
eyviv Dc-mnKvix cwiPvjK wbqvM-2001 / Lyjbv wek we`vjq fwZ cixv- 2010-11]
(a) love (b) war
(c) revenge (d) philosophy Ans. c
21. Which period is known as 'the golden age' of English
Literature? [cvewjK mvwfm Kwgkbi mnKvix cwiPvjK- 1994]
(a) the Victorian age (b) the Eighteenth century
(c) the Restoration (d) the Elizabethan Age Ans. d
22. Who wrote the plays The Tempest and The Mid Summer
Nights Dream? [29Zg wewmGm]
(a) Ben Jonson (b) Christopher Marlowe
(c) John Dryden (d) William Shakespeare Ans. d
23. Julius Caesar was the ruler of Rome about [28Zg wewmGm]
(a) 1000 years ago (b) 1500 years ago
(c) 2000 years ago (d) 3000 years ago Ans. c
24. Shakespeare is known mostly for his- [16Zg wekl wewmGm (wkv)]
(a) poetry (b) novels
(c) autobiography (d) plays Ans. d
25. Which of the following is a play by Shakespeare
[mvbvjx evsK Awdmvi/ Awdmvi (Kvk)- 2014]
(a) King Lear (b) The Duchess of Malfi
(c) Candida (d) Waiting for Godot Ans. a
26. William Shakespeare was an English dramatist and poet of the-
---- century. [mvbvjx evsK wmwbqi Awdmvi- 2014]
(a) fifteenth (b) sixteenth
(c) fourteenth (d) seventeenth Ans. b
27. Which of the following plays is by William Shakespeare?
[mvbvjx evsK Awdmvi- 2014]
(a) Desire Under the Elms (b) Measure for Measure
(c) Pygmalion (d) Cocktail Party Ans. b
28. Shakespeare is the writer of [ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2012-13]
(a) The Tempest (b) The Idea of University
(c) The Hairy Ape (d) Riders to the Sea Ans. a
29. A sonnet is a lyric poem of [cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjqi
mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2012]
(a) 12 lines (b) 24 lines
(c) 14 lines (d) 10 lines Ans. c
30. William Shakespeare is the author of [evsjv`k nvDR wews dvBbv
Kcvikb wmwbqi Awdmvi- 2011 / ciivgYvjq mvBdvi Awdmvi- 2012]
(a) Pride and Prejudice (b) Waiting for Godot
(c) Sound of Music (d) King Lear Ans. d
31. Twelfth Night is [Kviv ZZveavqK (îv gYvjq) wbqvM cixv-2012]
(a) a comedy (b) an elegy
(c) a novel (d) a tragedy Ans. a
32. Which book is a Tragedy? [mnKvix _vbv wkv Awdmvi-2012]
(a) Hamlet (b) Measure for Measure
(c) As you like it (d) She stoops to conquer Ans. a
33. Macbeth is [AvBb wePvi I msm` welqK gYvjqi mve-iwRv-2012]

(a) a play (b) a novel
(c) an essay (d) a poem Ans. a
34. William Shakespeare is the author of- [ciiv gYvjqi mvBdi Awdmvi- 2012]
(a) Paradise Lost (b) Old Man & the Sea
(c) Daffodils (d) King Lear Ans. d
35. Which is not true of an English sonnet? [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) It has fourteen lines
(b) It has fourteen syllables in each line
(c) It has five feet in each line
(d) It is written in iambic pentameter lines Ans. b
36. William Shakespeare is a famous [cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb
gYvjqi mnKvix cwiPvjK-2012]
(a) dramatist (b) novelist
(c) essayist (d) critic Ans. a
37. The play Romeo and Juliet was written by- [vvW evsK 2012]
(a) Charles Dickens (b) William Shakespeare
(c) Jane Austen (d) Michael Modhusudon Ans. b
38. Who wrote The Tempest? [mnKvix _vbv wkv Awdmvi-2012]
(a) William Wordsworth (b) Ben Jonson
(c) William Shakespeare (d) Tennyson Ans. c
39. Romeo and Juliet is a [Bmjvgx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) Comedy (b) Tragedy
(c) Romance (d) Morality play Ans. b
40. William Shakespeare is not the author of [Rv.we. fwZ- 2011-12]
(a) Titus Andronicus (b) Taming of the Shrew
(c) White Devil (d) Hamlet Ans. c
41. The poem Under the Green Wood Tree was written by [Lywe2011-12]
(a) William Wordsworth (b) Robert Browning
(c) William Shakespeare (d) Ralph Hodgson Ans. c
42. Macbeth is a by Shakespeare. [RvZxq wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) novel (b) short story
(c) verse (d) play Ans. d
43. Who is the greatest dramatist of all times? [MYc~Z Awa.(wmwfj)-2011]
(a) G.B. Shaw (b) William Shakespeare
(c) William Wordsworth (d) Jonathan Swift Ans. b
44. Which of the following is a Comedy written by Shakespeare?
(a) Macbeth (b) King Lear
(c) As You Like It (d) Hamlet Ans. c
45. Who is the writer of The Merchant of Venice? [cwimsLvb KgKZv-2010]

(a) Tolstoy (b) William Shakespeare
(c) Goethe (d) Edmund Spenser Ans. b
46. Which is known as Shakespeares Swansong? [Ly.we. fwZ cixv-2009-10]
(a) Hamlet (b) Macbeth
(c) The Tempest (d) Twelfth Night Ans. c
47. To be or not to be that is the question From which novel the
above sentence has been taken? [ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2009-10]
(a) Macbeth (b) Merchant of Venice
(c) Tempest (d) Hamlet Ans. d
48. One of the following plays is not a tragedy- [mnKvix DcRjv wkv Awdmv-09]
(a) Hamlet (b) Macbeth
(c) Othello (d) Tempest Ans. d
49. Shakespeare was born in the year--- [cv_wgK cavb wkK wbqvM cixv- 98]
(a) 1540 (b) 1564 (c) 1340 (d) 1610 Ans. b
50. William Shakespeare is a famous ___ century English
Playwright [Kgmsvb evsK mnKvix Awdmvi (mvavib)- 2008]
(a) nineteenth (b) sixteenth
(d) eighteenth (d) fifteenth Ans. b
51. Shakespeares King lear is a ___ [mvbvjx, RbZv I AMYx evsK- 2008]
(a) Satire (b) comedy
(c) Tragedy (d) Historical Play Ans. c
52. In what year did Shakespeare die? [mnKvix AvenvIqvex` c` wbqvM cixv
2004 /kg I Kgmsvb gYvjqi Aaxb gwWKj Awdmvi 2003 / miKvwi gvawgK we`vjqi cavb
wkK wbqvM cixv- 1997]
(a) 1570 AD (b) 1580 AD (c) 1630 AD (d) 1616 AD Ans. D
53. Shakespeare wrote brilliant--- [DcRjv wbevPb Awdmvi wbqvM cixv- 2004]
(a) poems (b) essays
(c) novels (d) dramas Ans. d
54. Hamlet is __ [cwZiv gYvjqi Aaxb msKZ cwiìi Awdmvi cì wbqvM cixv- 2005]
(a) a tragedy by Shakespeare (b) a play by G.B Shaw
(c) a poem by Shelley (d) a novel by Hardy Ans. a
55. The Merchant of Venice is a drama by __
[mnKvix cKkjx GjwRBwW cì wbqvM- 2005]
(a) Webster (b) Ben Jonson
(c) William Shakespeare (d) Christopher Marlowe Ans. c
56. Shakespeares Julius Caesar is a -- [`ybx wZ `gb eyvivi 2004]
(a) comedy (b) satire
(c) tragedy (d) historical play Ans. c
57. Who wrote the world famous tragic play King Lear? [kg I
Kgmsvb gbvjqi kg I cwiìi mnKvix kg cwiPvjK- 2006]
(a) Shelley (b) Wordsworth
(c) Shakespeare (d) Miltion Ans. c
58. gybxi Payixi gyLiv igYx ekxKiY Kvi jLvi Abyev`? [cwievi KjvY KgKZv- 03]
(a) William Wordsworth (b) W. Somerset Maugham
(c) William Shakespeare (d) Charles Dickens Ans. c
59. Hamlet by Shakespeare is ----- [`ybxwZ `gb eyvivi cwi`kK wbqvM cixv-2003]
(a) a comedy (b) a tragic-comedy
(c) an epic (d) a tragedy. Ans. d
60. Who is the author of The Taming of the Shrew [mve iwR: c` wbqvM cixv- 2001]
(a) Shaw (b) Shakespeare
(c) Ibsen (d) Jonson Ans. b
61. Hamlet is a __ by Shakespeare. [ciiv gYvjq ckvmwbK KgKZv wbqvM cixv- 2001]
(a) play (b) novel (c) tale (d) story Ans. a
62. Shakespeare lived during the reign of - [ciiv gYvjq 2001]
(a) Elizabeth i (b) Elizabeth ii
(c) Queen Victoria (d) King Charles Ans. a
63. Shakespearean play consists of ----- [wmwfj Bwwbqvwis 1999]
(a) Three acts (b) two acts
(c) five acts (d) two acts Ans. c
64. CkiP` we`vmvMii vwwejvm Kvb Mi Abyev`? [gvawgK we`vjq mn wkK- 1997]
(a) Uncle Toms Cabin (b) Dolls House
(c) Macheth (d) The Comedy of Errors Ans. d
65. The Faerie Queene is an---
(a) Elegy (b) Epic (c) Sonnet (d) Poem Ans. b
66. Shakespeares Macbeth is a ------ [mnKvix cwiPvjK c` wbqvM cixv-1994]
(a) Comedy (b) Satire
(c) Tragedy (d) Low comedy Ans. c
67. Comedy of Errors [cv_wgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK wbqvM cixv- 1994]
(a) Ben Johnson (b) G. B Shaw
(c) T S Eliot (d) William Shakespeare Ans. d
68. Shakespeare was famous for all but one of the following ----
[hye Dbqb Awaì mnKvix cwiPvjK wbqvM cixv- 1994]
(a) Comedies (b) Bourgeois Drama
(c) Tragedies (d) Tragi-drama Ans. b
69. Dr. Faustus was written by--
(a) Ben Jonson (b) W. Shakespeare
(c) Christopher Marlowe (d) John Webster Ans. c
70. Christopher Marlowe is Shakespeares [cvmcvU Awa mn cwiPvjK- 2011]

(a) Successor (b) predecessor
(c) contemporary (d) mentor Ans. b
71. What is the full name of the tragedy Dr. Faustus?
[miKvwi gvawgK we`v: mnKvix wkK 2006]
(a) The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus
(b) The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus
(c) The Tragedy of Doctor Faustus
(d) Doctor Faustus Ans. a
72. The beginning of the Renaissance may be traced to the country
of [kg Awaì Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv DcmnKvix cwiPvjK wbqvM cixv-2001]
(a) Germany (b) England (c) France (d) Italy Ans. d
73. A great playwright of Shakespeare time was-[mnKvwi AvenvIqvwe`- 2004]
(a) Samuel Johnson (b) Christopher Marlowe
(c) Oliver Goldsmith (d) John Donne Ans. b
74. Francis Bacon is a/an--- [gvawgK mnKvwi cavb wkK wbqvM cixv- 2003]
(a) Novelist (b) Dramatist
(c) Poet (d) Essayist Ans. d
75. Who is considered to be the father of English prose?
[ijIq mnKvix KgvU c` wbqvM cixv- 2000]
(a) Francis Bacon (b) Kind Alfred the Great
(c) Henry (d) Geoffrey Chaucer Ans. a
76. Where is expressed the view that 'There is a divinity that
shapes our, ends?' [mve-iwRvi wbevPbx cixv-1992]
(a) In King Lear (b) In Merry Wives of Windsor
(c) In the Tempest (d) In Hamlet Ans. d
77. Who is called the poet of poets?
(a) Geoffrey Chaucer (b) Edmund Spenser
(c) Roger Bacon (d) William Shakespeare Ans. b
78. Who wrote an epic The Faerie Queen?
(a) Edmund Spenser (b) T. S Eliot
(c) Robert Browning (d) Alfred Tennyson Ans. a
79. Macbeth bvUKwU Kvi jLv? [miKvwi gvawgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK wbqvM 1996]
(a) William Wordsworth (b) William Shakespeare
(c) John Milton (d) George Bernard Shaw Ans. b
80. Who wrote The Ruins of Time?
(a) Sir Philip Sidney (b) Chapman
(c) Edmund Spenser (d) Thomas Hardy Ans. c
81. Who among the following was an English Renaissance Poet?
(a) John Donne (b) Robert Browning

(c) John Milton (d) Sir Philip Sidney Ans. d
82. Who wrote An Apology for Poetry?
(a) P. B Shelly (b) Samuel Johnson
(c) Sir Philip Sidney (d) John Donne Ans. c
83. Which of the following school of literature is connected with a
medical theory? [15Zg wewmGm]
(a) Comedy of Manners (b) Theatre of Absurd
(c) Heroic Tragedy (d) Comedy of humours Ans. d
84. Silent Woman written by--- [Z_ gYvjqi Aaxb wbqvM cixv- 2003/
ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2010-2011]
(a) John Ruskin (b) Ben Jonson
(c) Kalidas (d) Munishi Prem Chand Ans. b
85. Why is the poet so sad to see the Daffodils in The Daffodils?
[XvKv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2012-13]
(a) The poet is asd because the flowers have not bloomed fully.
(b) The poet is sad because winter will soon arrive. Ans. c
(c) The poet is sad because the flowers remind him of his own death.
86. I wandered lonely as a cloud is an example of - [RvnvxibMi - 2011-12]
(a) Symbol (b) Metaphor
(c) Simile (d) Metonymy Ans. c
87. In To Daffodils, human life is compared with: [RvnvxibMi wek 11-12]
(a) Sunset (b) flowing river
(c) Mornings dew (d) Graying hair Ans. c
88. Hasting day in To Daffodils means- [XvKv wekwe`vjq fwZ c. 2009-10]
(a) fast day (b) quiet day
(c) finishing day (d) hurriedly passing day Ans. d
89. Which two things of nature does Robert Herrick find similar to
human beings and daffodils? [XvKv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2010-11]
(a) rising sun, moon (b) summers mornings dew
(c) spring, summer (d) hasting day, even song Ans. b
90. In the poem To Daffodils the poet weeps over--- [WvK I UwjhvMvhvM]
(a) loss of beautiful flower (b) loss caused to environment
(c) loss of sweet scent (d) Short-lived human life Ans. d
91. Which word seems out of place?
(a) rose (b) lily
(c) cauliflower (d) daffodil Ans. c
92. The last line of To daffodils is [ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2008-09]
(a) Neer to be seen again
(b) Vanish like summers rain
(c) Nere to be found again

(d) As quack a growth of meet decay Ans. c
93. Who used the term 'The Metaphysical poet'?
(a) Edmund Spencer (b) John Donne
(c) Samuel Johnson (d) Andrew Marvell Ans. c
94. Who is a Metaphysical poet?
(a) Cowley (b) Thomas Kyd
(c) Ben Johnson (d) John Webster Ans. a
95. Who is not called the Metaphysical poet?
(a) John Donne (b) Andrew Marvell
(c) George Herbert (d) Alfred Tennyson Ans. d
96. Who was a friend of John Milton?
(a) John Donne (b) John Dryden
(c) Andrew Marvell (d) Alexander Pope Ans. c
97. Who wrote the poem 'The Definition of Love.'
(a) Andrew Marvell (b) John Donne
(c) W.B Yeats (d) John Keats Ans. a
98. The poem 'To His Coy Mistress' was written by-
(a) John Keats (b) Andrew Marvell
(c) John Milton (d) William Shakespeare Ans. b
99. Who is the representative of the metaphysical poets?
(a) Samuel Johnson (b) John Donne
(c) Geoffrey Chaucer (d) Robert Browning Ans. b
100. 'The Good Morrow' is a poem by-
(a) Andrew Marvell (b) W.B. Yeats
(c) John Donne (d) P.B Browning Ans. c
101. Who wrote the poem 'The Sun Rising'?
(a) John Donne (b) Lord Byron
(c) William Wordsworth (d) None of them Ans. a
102. Who is called the 'poet of love'?
(a) Andrew Marvell (b) John Donne
(c) John Keats (d) William Shakespeare Ans. b
103. 'The Flea' by John Donne is-
(a) a romantic poem (b) an Elegy
(c) a religious poem (d) an Ode Ans. c
104. Who was both a poet and a Priest?
(a) Andrew Marvell (b) George Herbert
(c) Edmund Spencer (d) Robert Browning Ans. B
105. Who wrote the poem 'The Collar'?

(a) George Herbert (b) John Donne
(c) Edmund Spenser (d) Alfred Tennyson Ans. a
106. The poem 'Easter Wings' written by-
(a) Andrew Marvell (b) George Herbert
(c) John Keats (d) S.T Coleridge Ans. B
107. "To be or not to be, that is the ___ ." [29Zg wewmGm/ mgvRmev Awdmvi
(mgvRKjvY gYvjq wbqvM cixv- 2010/ PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-2012]
(a) meaning (b) question (c) answer (d) issue Ans. B
108. Cowards die___ before their death. [PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2012-13]
(a) much time (b) many time
(c) enough time (d) many times Ans. d
109. 'Knowledge is power' was stated by- [Bmjvgx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-2012]
(a) Hobbes (b) Hamlet
(c) Socrates (d) Rousseau Ans. a
110. 'Frailty, Thy name is woman'-- in which of the following plays
you find this? [RvZxq mq cwiìi mnKvix cwiPvjK-2009/ ciiv gYvjqi mvBdi
Awdmvi- 2012]
(a) Macbeth (b) Romeo and Juliet
(c) Hamlet (d) Tempest Ans. c
111. 'Sweet are the uses of adversity' was stated by--- [Bmjvgx wekwe`vjq
fwZ cixv- 2011-2012]
(a) Valtaire (b) Shakespeare
(c) Milton (d) Tolstoy Ans. b
112. 'To be or not to be' is the beginning of a famous soliloquy from-
[kg Awaì Rbkw Kgmsvb I cwkY eyviv DcmnKvix c` wbqvM cixv- 2001 / Lyjbv
wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-2012]
(a) Paradise Lost (b) Romeo & Juliet
(c) Hamlet (d) Shahnama Ans. c
113. 'Good face is the best letter of recommendation' was stated by--
[mnKvix cwiPvjK (cvmcvU G BwgMkb) wbqvM cixv- 2000]
(a) Queen Victoria (b) Queen Elizabeth
(c) Queen Anne (d) Queen Marry Ans. b
114. 'Fair daffodils! We weep to see/ You haste away so soon;
As yet the early rising sun
Has not attained his noon.' [cvmcvU Awaìi mnKvix cwiPvjK-2011]
Who is the writer to these beautiful lines?
(a) William Wordsworth (b) Robert Herrick
(c) William Blake (d) John Keats Ans. b
115. 'Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; writing

an exact man' Who said this? [Z_ gYvjqi Aaxb Uwjwfkb cKkjx MW- 2
cì wbqvM 2004]
(a) Shakespeare (b) Bacon
(c) Keats (d) Kyd Ans. b
116. 'Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some
few to be chewed and digestd.' Said- [WvK I UwjhvMvhvM gYvjq wnmveiY
KgKZv wbqvM cixv- 2003/ DcRjv Awdmvi- 2008]
(a) Joseph (b) Dr. Johnson
(c) Charles Lamb (d) Francis Bacon Ans. d
117. 'Veni, Vidi, Vici' this quotation from Shakespeare's- [mve RR wbqvM cixv- 2007]
(a) Hamlet (b) Otherllo
(c) Merchant of Venice (d) Julius Caesar Ans. d
118. 'Cowards die many times before their death,' [evKwU kwcqvii Kvb
bvUK nZ DZ nqQ? [îvgYvjqi Aaxb mn-imvqbwe`- 2001/ _vbv Awdmvi-2005]
(a) Macbeth (b) Julius Caesar
(c) Hamlet (d) Othello Ans. b
119. Faerie Queene is a/an [mnKvix _vbv wkv Awdmvi-2012]
(a) Play (b) short story (c) epic (d) novel Ans. C
120. 'All the perfumes of Arabian will not sweeten this little hand's
is a quotation from--- [cv_wgK I MYwkv Awaì mn cwiPvjK- 2001]
(a) Hamlet (b) Othelo
(c) Macbeth (d) King Lear Ans. c
121. Who said 'Cowards die many times before their death. [cavbgxi
Kvhvjq I gwcwil` Kvhvjq ckvmwbK KgKZv wbqvM cixv- 2004/ P.we. fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) Shakespeare (b Franklin
(c) Carlyle (d) Alexander Pope Ans. a
122. Calliban is a Character in [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi cwi`kK c` evQvB cixv-2003]
(a) King Lear (b) Tempest
(c) Man and Superman (d) Othello Ans. b
123. Brutus is a famous character of Shakespeare in [îvgYvjqi
Aaxb ewnivMgb I cvmcvU Awaìi mnKvix cwiPvjK-2011]
(a) King Lear (b) Julius Caeser
(c) The Tempest (d) Hamlet Ans. b
124. 'Ophelia' is an important character in the Shakespearean play?
[Kviv ZveavqK (îv gYvjq) cixv-2010]
(a) Macbeth (b) The Tempest
(c) Hamlet (d) King Lear Ans. c
125. 'Blow, Blow thou winter wind/ Thu art not so unkind
As mans ingratitude;/ They tooth is not so keen,
Although they breath be rude.' [cvewjK mvwfm Kwgkb mnKvix cwiPvjK- 1998]
These are a few lines of a poem of a great poet. Who is the poet?
(a) J. Webstar (b) C. Marlowe
(c) W. Shakespeare (d) Lord Bacon Ans. c
126. Who is called the poet of poets? [gvawgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK- 2006]
(a) Geoffrey Chaucer (b) Edmund Spenser
(c) Francis Bacon (d) William Shakespeare Ans. b
127. Shylock h bvUKi Pwi, m bvUKwUi bvg [cv_wgK we`vjq cavb wkK -1998]
(a) Doctor Faustus (b) The Merchant of Venice
(c) The Way of the World (d) Arms and the Man Ans. b
128. Who is known as the father of English poetry? /Who is called
the father of English Poetry? [PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) Milton (b) Wordsworth
(c) Chaucer (d) Charles Dickens Ans. c
129. Who is the father of Modern English Poetry? [Ly.we. fwZ cixv-2010-11]
(a) Cynewulf (b) Geoffrey Chaucer
(c) Robert Browning (d) None of the above Ans. b
130. Who is considered to be the father of English Poem? [moK I Rbc_
Ges MYc~Z Awaìi Dc-mncKkjx (wmwfj) c` wbqvM cixv- 2011]
(a) William Langland (b) Thomas More
(c) Francis Bacon (d) Geoffrey Chaucer Ans. d
131. 'There are more things in heaven and earth,
Horatio,/ Than are dreamt of in our philosophy. DwwU Shakespeare-
Gi Kvb bvUK _K DZ nqQ? [mnKvix _vbv cwievi cwiKbv Awdmvi- 1998]
(a) Hamlet (b) King Lear
(c) Macbeth (d) Othello Ans. a
132. Who wrote The Spanish Tragedy? [gvawgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK-2006]
(a) John Lyly (b) Thomas Kyd
(c) Robert Green (d) Christopher Marlowe Ans. b
133. Robert Herrick was an English-- [mvbvjx evsK Awdmvi / (Kvk)- 2014]
(a) Novelist (b) Historian
(c) Poet (d) Dramatist Ans. c
134. A poem of fourteen lines is called [_vbv wkv KgKZv wbqvM cixv-1998]
(a) Elege (b) Sonnet
(c) Ode (d) Epic Ans. b
135. 'The Merchant of Venice' is a Shakespearean play about-[36Zg wewmGm]

(a) a Jew (b) a Moor
(c) a Roman (d) a Turk Ans. a
136. 'Frailty the name is woman'-- is a famous dialogue from. [36Zg wewmGm]
(a) Christopher Marlowe (b) John Webster
(c) W. Shakespeare (d) T. S Eliot Ans. c
137. Shakespeare's Measure for Measure is a successful---[36Zg wewmGm]
(a) tragedy (b) comedy
(c) Tragi-comedy (d) Melodrama Ans. c
138. The sentence 'Who would have thought Shylock was so
unkind?' expresses [32Zg wewmGm
(a) hyperbole (b) intreeogation
(c) command (d) wonder Ans. d
139. A Machiavellian character is[KvwiMwi wkv Awaìi Aaxb wPd Bbvi 2003]
(a) an honest person (b) a selfish person
(c) a courageous person (d) a judicious person Ans. B
140. Fill in the blank. '____' is Shakespeare's last play. [37Zg wewmGm]
(a) As you like it (b) Macbeth
(c) Tempest (d) Othello Ans. c
141. Who has written the play 'Volpone'? [37Zg wewmGm]
(a) John Webster (b) Ben Jonson
(c) Christopher Marlowe (d) William Shakespeare Ans. b
142. Shakespeare composed much of his plays in what sort of verse?
[37Zg wewmGm]
(a) Alliterative verse (b) Sonnet form
(c) Iambic pentameter (d) Daetylic Haxameter Ans. c
143. Which of the following is not apoetic tradition? [37Zg wewmGm]
(a) The Epic (b) The Comic
(c) The Occult (d) The Tragic Ans. c
144. Othello gave Desdemona____ as a token of love: [37Zg wewmGm]
(a) Ring (b) Handkerchief
(c) Pendant (d) Bangles Ans. b
145. When a speaker speaks his thoughts aloud, it is called-
[îv gYvjqi Kviv ZveavqK-05]
(a) aside (b) monody
(c) soliloquy (d) negative capability Ans. c
146. Soliloquy means - [cv_wgK I MYwkv Awaì mnKvix cwiPvjK-01]
(a) to memorise (b) talking to oneself
(c) action of speech (d) rehearsal of a play Ans. b
147. What is the meaning of 'Soliloquy'? [wbevPb Kwgkb mwPevjq mnKvix mwPe-95]
(a) action of body (b) action of speech
(c) to memorira part (d) long self speech by an actor Ans. d
148. A drama is a/an -- [kg cwiìi RbmsLv I cwievi KjvY KgKZv-09]
(a) novel retold in dialogue (b) magical performnces on the stage
(c) fairy tale (d) story translated into action Ans. b
149. A tragedy does not have ____ [K.U. (gvbweK zj) 05-06]
(a) a tragic hero (b) a plot
(c) an act (d) an octave-sestet division Ans. d
150. Comedy is - [I.U. 06-07]
(a) a lignt play with a happy ending.
(b) an amusing play with a serious ending.
(c) a serious play with a humorous ending. Ans. a
(d) a plays that shows terrible things in a way that is intended to be funny.
151. A comedy does not have__ [K.U. (gvbweK zj) 07-08]
(a) a happy ending (b) a plot
(c) catharsis (d) comic element Ans. c
152. The hero or central character of a literary work is __ [J.U.(C) 14-15]
(a) Villain (b) Protagonist
(c) Antagonist (d) Chorus Ans. b
153. 'Protagonist' indicates__ [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi cwi`kK-03]
(a) the villain in a play
(b) the leading character or actor in a play
(c) the clown in a play
(d) the stage-director of a play. Ans. b
154. 'Melodrama' is a kind of play of- [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi mntcwi`kK-04]
(a) violent and sensational themes (b) historical themes
(c) philosophical themes (d) pathetic themes Ans. a
155. What is catastrope? [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi mntcwi`kK- 04]
(a) The comical end of dramatic events
(b) The tragic end of dramatic events
(c) The comic tragic end of the play
(d) None of the above Ans. b
156. Climax is related to- [K.U. 07-08]
(a) Prose (b) Drama
(c) Poetry (d) Novel Ans. b
157. 'Much Ado About Nothing' is written by __
(a) Jane Austen (b) Charles Dickens
(c) William Shakespeare (d) Virginia Woolf Ans. c
158. What is an act in a play? [K.U. (gvbweK zj) 07-08]

(a) a unit of act on with no change of place or time
(b) the rising action of a play
(c) a major division in the action of a play
(d) conversation of character is in a play Ans. c
159. 'Phoenix' is __ [mvKj AvWRyUU- 10]
(a) an imaginary bullock
(b) a mythical bird
(c) a mythical bird regenerating from ashess
(d) a dead mythical bird Ans. c
160. Who is the 'Univesrsity Wits' in the following list? [ewnivMgb I cvmcvU
Awaìi mn:cwiPvjK-11]
(a) William Shakespeare (b) Thomas Gray
(c) Robert Greene (d) John Dryden Ans. c
161. Andrew Marvell was a- [K.U. (gvbweK zj) 05-06]
(a) Metaphysical poet (b) Victorian poet
(c) Romantic poet (d) Modern poet Ans. a
162. Who, among the following playwrights, is Shakespeare's
contemporary?
(a) Arthur Miller (b) Christopher Marlowe
(c) Samuel Beckett (d) William Congreve Ans. b
163. Shakespeare was not__.
(a) a dramatist (b) a playwright
(c) a poet (d) a story writer Ans. d
164. Which of the following is not true about Shakespeare?
(a) Poet (b) Playwright
(c) Novelist (d) Actor Ans. c
165. William Shakespeare wrote-
(a) sonnets, tragedies and comedies (b) sonnets, plays and essays
(c) sonnets, plays and novels (d) sonnets, novels and epics Ans. a
166. In Shakespearean tragedy, the hero is __ [K.U. (gvbweK zj) 06-07]
(a) an ordinary man (b) a high ranking man
(c) a sacrilegious man (d) none of these Ans. b
167. Ben Jonson introduced- [mve-iwRvi-16]
(a) allegory (b) heroic drama
(c) comedy of manners (d) comedy of humours Ans. d
168. "Better three hours too soon than a minute too late" was said by-
(a) Shakespeare (b) Wordsworth
(c) O Henry (d) Edgar Allan Poe Ans. a
4. The Neoclassical Period

Duration: 1660-1798
G Aavq Neoclassical Period Gi DjLhvM wZbwU hyM AvjvwPZ nqQ:
(a) The Restoration Period (1660-1700)

(b) The Augustan Period (1700-1745)
(c) The Age of Sensibility (1745-1785/98)
4. The Neoclassical Period

Duration: 1660-1798

GB hyMK 17th & 18th Century Literature-I ejv nq|
Other name: Pseudo-classical Period (Pseudo means mock, artificial)
The period is also known as The Enlightenment Period.
The writers of this age imitated (AbyKiY) the ancient Greek
and Roman literary tradition but they lacked the originality of
those writers of that period.
Slogan of this age: Art for Humanitys Sake (gvbeZvi KjvY mvwnZ)
Ze Romantic hyM GwU ne: Art for Arts Sake|
18k kZvxZB Wvwbqj wWdv, mvgyqj wiPvWmb I nbwi wdwsqi
iPbvi gvag BsiwRZ Dcbvm mvwnZi m~Pbv NU|
A novel in the form of letters is called- epistolary novel.
The narrator of a novel written in the third person is called-
omniscient narrator.
The Period has three shorter ages:
(a) The Restoration Period (1660-1700)
(b) The Augustan Period (1700-1745)
(c) The Age of Sensibility (1745-1785/98)
Prominent critics of Shakespeare:
(i) Dr. Samuel Johnson
(ii) John Dryden
(iii) William Hazlitt
(iv) S.T. Coleridge
(v) T.S. Eliot
(vi) A.C. Bredly
a. The Restoration Period

Duration: 1660-1700
GB hyMi wKQz DjLhvM NUbvt
Restoration means, Restoration of Monarchy.
(`xN 11 eQi ci ivRZi cybivi)
LvwZgvb Kwe John Dryden Gi bvg Abymvi G Restoration Period K Age
of Dryden-I ejv nq|
Commonwealth period Gi Richard Cromwell Gi cZbi ci England
Gi jvKiv Caroline Period Gi ivRv Charles-I (hvK wki` Kiv nqwQj)
Gi Qj Charles-II (whwb France G cvwjq AvZiv KiwQjb) K England
Gi wmsnvmb emvb|
GB hyM `ywU political party MwVZ nq:
Whig- against the king
Tory- on the favour of king
Industrialization began in England.
In 1662, The Royal Society was formed
to promote scientific research. Sir Isaac
Newton Gi m`m wQjb| Charles-II
1688 mvj Miegq wecei (Glorious Revolution) gvag weUb MYZ
cwZwZ nq| hyivR cw_exi cvPxbZg MYZ Pvjy AvQ| eZgvb hyivR
kvmbZvwK ivRZ miKvi cwZ cPwjZ iqQ|
In 1689, The Bill of Rights was adopted in England. Bill of Rights
restricted the power of monarch and enhanced the power of
parliament. [Ze gb ivLZ ne, 1787 mvj MnxZ Ges 1789 mvj KvhKi
nIqv hyivi msweavbi (cw_exi z`Zg msweavb) bvMwiK AwaKvi mwKZ c_g
10 mskvabxKI Bill of Rights ejv nq| hyivi msweavb G ch 27 evi
mskvwaZ nqQ|]
In 1695, the press was made free.
(Everyone was given liberty to express his/ her views)
-
bKi
U M
Restoration Period Gi KqKRb iZc~Y mvwnwZK:

1. John Milton: (1608-1674)
Titles:
(i) Epic poet (evsjvi wgb ejv nq- 'gnvKvei Kwe' LvZ ngP`K)
(ii) A great master of verse in the Puritan Period.
(iii) ZvK ibmuv hyMi mekl gnvb KweI ejv nq|
Zvi weLvZ Epics:
(i) Paradise Lost
(12 L, 1658-1664 mvji ga Blank Verse G
iwPZ GB gnvKvewU Kwei Rxebi nZvkv e_Zv Zyj ai Ges
GKB mv_ gvbyli my gZv wbq Avkvev` e Ki| evBeji
eYbv Abyhvqx nhiZ Av`g I nvIqv (Av:) Gi ^M nvivbvi
KvwnbxwP dzU DVQ G gnvKve)
(ii) Paradise Regained John Milton
* GB `ywU gnvKve wZwb A Aevq wjLb
* evsjv mvwnZ GKgv M` gnvKve- welv` wmz
Theme of Paradise Lost: To Justify the ways of God to man
Famous elegies (kvKMxwZ):
(i) Lycidas (jvBwP`vm; Kwei ez Edward King Gi gZz wbq jLv)
evsjv mvwnZ c_g mv_K kvKMuv_v/ gwjK M njv CkiP` we`vmvMii
cfveZx mvlY| Elegy means: a poem of lamentation/ sadness.
(ii) Song on Shakespeare
Zvi c_g KweZv: On The Morning of Christs Nativity (1629)
Famous poetic drama (KvebvU):
Samson Agonistes (mvgmb AvMwbm, UvRwW) Comus
Famous prose (MìPbv):
Of Education (essay) Areopagitica (about freedom of press)
wgb BZvwj _vKv Aevq Bsjv _K Lei Gjv `k hyi mvebv `Lv w`qQ|
wZwb Bsjv wdi Gjb| Zvi wfZi RM DVj we`vnx mv| Gevi Avi Kve bq,
GLb cqvRb Mì| jb wZwb wbRK GB hyi mwbK wnme NvlYv w`jb| Ze
Zvi A e`yK bq, Kjg| G mgq wZwb iPbv Kib GvivcvwRwUKv MwU| G M mgM
weki gvbyli evK ^vaxbZv, g~`Y ^vaxbZv Ges msMvgi GK Rxe `wjj|
Famous sonnets:
On the Blindness (mbU msKjb) On the Late Massacre
Famous quotes:
(i) It is better to reign in hell than to serve in heaven.
(^M `vmZ Kivi Pq biK ivRZ Kiv kq; GwU Satan Gi Dw)
(ii) Childhood shows the man as morning shows the day.
(mKvji m~h hgb wèmi cwZQwe, evjKvjI gnr gvbyli cwZQwe)
(iii) Death is the golden key that opens the place of eternity.
(gZzi gvag gvbyl AgiZ jvf Ki)
NB: There are two types of epic:
(i) Primary Epic (c_g AwjwLZ wQjv, ci wjwLZ nqQ| hgb: MxK
mvwnwZK nvgvii Iliad Ges Odessey)
(ii) Secondary Epic (c_g _KB wjwLZ| hgb: Paradise Lost,
Paradise Regained)
2. John Dryden: (Rb WvBWb, 1631-1700)

Title:
Father of Modern English Criticism
England's First Poet Laureate (1670 mvj wbqvMcv)
wZwb Shakespeare Gi The Tempest bvUKi Zxe
mgvjvPbv I e Ki The Enchanted Island bvUKwU wjLQb|
John Dryden K Glorious John wnme AvLvwqZ KiQb Sir Walter Scott
Famous works:
(i) All for Love ( a heroic tragedy) ***
(ii) The Mistaken Husband (1674)
(iii) Absalom and Achitophel
(Avemvjvg Av AvwKUvdj, a poetic political satire)**
(iv) The Indian Emperor (a famous tragedy)
(v) Mac Flecknoe (a satirical poem) **
(vi) An Evenings Love (a comedy)
(vii) The Conquest of Granada (1670)

(viii) Preface to the Fables
Famous poem: Heroic Stanzas on the Death of Cromwell
Famous quotes:
(i) They think too little who talk too much.
(ii) We first make our habits then habits make us.
(c_g Avgiv Afvm Mo Zywj, ci Afvm Avgvì Mo Zvj)
(iii) Jealousy is the proof of love.
3. William Congreve: (KbwMf, 1670-1729)

wZwb Jonathon Swift Gi ez wQjb|
He was famous for Comedy of Manners. (DcRxet DPwei
AvPvi-AvPiY, bibvixi jNy KZyKvQj cgjxjv, RvMwZK Avb` wbq AwZ eZv, bwZKZv
mK D`vmxbZv cfwZ)
Famous plays:
(i) The Way of the World***
(ii) Love for Love **
(iii) The Double Dealer
(iv) The Old Bachelor
(v) The Mourning Bride (kvKvZzi Kb)
4. John Bunyan: (Rb evwbqvb, 1628-1688)

wZwb Puritan Period Gi mePq kwkvjx M` jLK|
Bsjvi Civil War Gi mgq cvjvgUvwi Avwgi c
wZwb ek Rvivjvfve KvR Kib, dj wZwb 12 eQi Rj
LvUb|
Famous books:
(i) Pilgrims Progress (1678 mvj)
(ii) The Holy War
-G `ywU M Zvi weLvZ icKvkqx M`
(Allegory in Prose) GwU wZwb RjLvbvq
em iPbv Kib
(iii)The Life and Death of Mr. Badman
Famous quote:
"In prayer it is better to have a heart without words than
words without a heart." (fvev_: `qwenxb K_vgvjv wbfi gvbvRvZi Pq
knxb `qi cv_bv kq)
5. Samuel Butler: (1613-1680)
A famous poet and satirist
Famous work: Hudibars (1663)
Ze Samuel Butler bvg GKRb weLvZ Victorian novelist iqQb|
6. John Locke: (Rb jK, 1632-1704)
Father of Modern Democracy
Famous Book:
(i) An Essay Concerning Human
Understanding (1690, gvbweK vb welqK ce)
(ii) Some thoughts Concerning Education (wkv welqK wPv)
(iii) Two Treaties on Civil Government (mgvR miKvi mwKZ `ywU MelYvc)
Dw: hLvb AvBb bB mLvb ^vaxbZv bB|
7. William Wycherley:
Famous work:
The Country Wife
The Plain Dealer
8. Aphra Behn: ( )
Woman in a world of man

Famous work:
The Rover (a comedy)
Oroonoko (AivbvKv, prose fiction)
9. George Farquhar:
Famous work: ivYx Gvwbi ivRZKvj Bsjv I
The Recruiting Officer Ujv GK nq MU weUb nq
The Beauxs Stratagem 1707 mvj
b. The Augustan Period

Duration: 1700-1745
GB hyMi jLKMY cvPxb BZvwjq mvU Augustus (27BC-14AD) Gi Avgji
jLKìK AbyKiY KiwQjb ej GB hyMK Augustan Period ej|
[Virgil (70 BC 19 BC) was an ancient Roman poet of the
Augustan period.]
GB hyMi LvwZgvb Kwe Alexander Pope Gi bvg Abymvi G hyMK Age of
Pope ejv nq|
In 1707, Scotland was annexed (mshy) with England. A_vr, ivbx
Gvwbi ivRZKvj Bsjv I Ujv GK nq MU weUb nq| More than a
hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had
inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the
Parliaments of the two countries agreed to form a unified state.
Subsequently, in 1801, Great Britain united with the neighbouring
Kingdom of Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland. The state was renamed the "United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland" after five-sixths of Ireland seceded
from the United Kingdom in 1922.
The First Cabinet (gwmfv) of England was formed in this period.
1702 mvj c_g BsiwR `wbK The Daily Courant (wKDib&U) jb _K
cKvwkZ nq| (Avi evsjv`ki f~L _K cKvwkZ c_g msev`c iscyi evZven)
v
-
v
weki c_g evRU 1733 mvj hyivR NvwlZ nq| (Ze Dcgnv`ki c_g
evRU 1861 mvj (jW Kvwbs) Ges evsjv`ki c_g evRU 30 Ryb 1972 mvj
NvwlZ nq)
G hyMwU Queen Anne, King George (i) Ges King George (ii) Gi
kvmbvgjvaxb|
G hyMwU eagx jLv (Satire) Ges Gothic (fwZK) Novel Gi Rb weLvZ|
Gothic Novel Gi hvv i Kib Ann Radcliffe|
GB hyM wKQz Literary Club MwVZ nq| hgb-
The Scriblerus Club, The Kit-Kat Club, The Spectator Club
Augustan Period Gi KqKRb iZc~Y mvwnwZK:
1. Alexander Pope: (1688-1744)

Title: Mock Heroic Poet (Dcnvmg~jK exiZi Kwe)***
Mock Heroic Epic Gi RbI wZwb weLvZ|
He was also famous for his Translation of Homer***
MxK Kwe Homer Gi Iliad Ges Odyssey (IWwm) gnvKve `ywU wZwbI
BsiwRZ Abyev` Kib| Ze c_g George Chapman ibmuv hyM G `ywU
gnvKvei BsiwR Abyev` KiwQjb|
The Oxford Dictionary of Quotation-G kwcqii cI mePq ewk
msLK KvUkb Zvi jLv _K bqv nqQ|
wZwb KweZvq Heroic Couplet eenvi KiQb|
Famous Epic:
The Rape of the Lock (eYx KZb) ***
GwU GKwU mock epic (bvqK- Baron, bvwqKv- Belinda, God- Arial)
1712 mvj iwPZ G evZK KweZvwUi g~j DcRxe njv: DP eskxqì ga Kjn weev`|
Ze Rape Upon Rape bvUKwU wjLQb Henry Fielding|
Famous poems:
An Essay on Man (G `vkwbK Theme njv:
'To vindicate the ways of God to man'|
(Ze Essay on Islam wjLQb W. gynv` knx`yjvn)
The Dunciad
An Essay on Criticism ()
Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot
Famous quotes:
(i) A Little learning is a dangerous thing.
(ii) To err is human, to forgive is divine.
(iii) An honest man is the noblest work of God.
(iv) The proper study of mankind is man.
(v) Charms strike the sight but merit strikes the heart.
(vi) Hope springs eternal in the human breast.
(vii) Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
(fvev_: è`~Ziv hLvb fq cvq, evKviv mLvb AvM avq)
2. Jonathan Swift: (1667-1745)

Title: The greatest satirist (e iPwqZv) of the 18th Century
(DjL, evsjv mvwnZ c_g we`cvZK ce iPbv Kib cg_ Payix- exieji nvjLvZv)
gj Mni Puv` wWgvmi myBdU vUvi bvgKiY nqQ Rvbv_b myBdUi
bvgvbymvi|
Famous novels:
(i) Gullivers Travels (4 Books)
It is the best satire in 18th Century.
Gullivers Travels Gi PviwU L njv-
Part I: A Voyage to Lilliput
Part II: A Voyage to Brobdingnag
Part III: A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg,
Glubbdubdrib, and Japan
Part IV: A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms
Gullivers Travels Gi PZz_ Li Rb ZvK Misanthropist ejv nq|
GB acw` Dcbvm myBdU gvbe PwiK e KiQb Ges mwnZi cPwjZ gY
ev avivwUi cvivwW KiQb| KvwebU KvDwj _K bvmvwi meB GB eB
cvVhvM| ZvB eBwU KLbv AvDU Ad wcU nqwb|
JcbvwmK Zvnwgbv Avbvg Gi `v`v Z_v The Daily Star Gi mv`K
gvndzR Avbvgi evev Aveyj gbmyi Avng`- Mvwjfvii mdibvgv bvg
Gullivers Travels Gi evsjv Abyev` Kib| (DjL, evsjv mvwnZi
c_g cnmb gvBKj gaym~`b ì eyov kvwjKi Nvo iuv)
(ii) A Tale of a Tub [Ze A Tale of Two Cities

bvg Victorian hyMi (1832-1901) Charles
Dickens Gi weLvZ Dcbvm iqQ]
(iii) A Modest Proposal
(iv) A Journey to Stella
(v) The Battle of Books -GwU GKwU Pamphlet/
z` cywKv (Ze The Battle of Life DcbvmwU
wjLQb wfvwiqvb hyMi Charles Dickens)
3. Daniel Defoe: (1660-1731)
1688 mvj Bsjvi wecei mgq ZvK ew` Kiv nq Ges Uvbv 7 eQi wZwb Rj LvUb
Famous satirical poem: The True Born English Man
Famous novels:
(i) Robinson Crusoe (zkv; First Realistic Fiction in English)
Colonel Jack (Kbj)

(ii) Captain Singleton
(iii) Moll Flanders
Famous quotes:
He is not poor that has little, but that desire much.
Today we love what tomorrow we hate; today we seek what
tomorrow we shun; today we desire what tomorrow we fear.
The fear of danger is ten thousand times more terrifying than
danger itself.
4. Samuel Richardson: (1689-1761)

Famous novels:
a. Pamela or the Virtue Rewarded
1740 mvj cKvwkZ GB Novel wUK AbKB BsiwR mvwnZi c_g
Novel gb Kib| (hgb: evsjv mvwnZ c_g Dcbvm: cvwiPuv` wgi Avjvji
Nii `yjvj; c_g mv_K Dcbvm: ewgi `yMk bw`bx; Ges gymwjg iwPZ c_g
Dcbvm: gxi gkviidi iZeZx)
b. The History of Sir Charles Grandison
c. Clarissa (1748)
(Clarissa is a tragic heroine, pressured by her unscrupulous
nouveau-riche family to marry a wealthy man she hates, in the book
that Samuel Johnson described as the first book in the world for the
knowledge it displays of the human heart.)
5. Joseph Addison and Richard Steele:

Zviv Literary Collaborator wQjb|
Zviv `yRb Addison & Steele bvg cwiwPZ|
They were famous essayists.
h_ ceMt
(i) The Spectator
(ii) The Tatlar
Famous Comedy of Addison: The Drummer
c. The Age of Sensibility

Duration: 1745-1785/98
G hyMi writer-iv g~jZ sense, reason, feeling, original genius K ewk iZ
w`qQb, ZvB GB hyMK Age of Sensibility/ Reason ejv nqQ|
GB hyMi cavb Author wQjb Dr. Samuel Johnson|
1769 mvj James Watt invented Steam Engine.
In 1757, British founded its empire in India.
But in 1776, British lost its American Colonies.
fviZxq Dcgnv`k 1757 mvj 23 Ryb cjvkxi hy, 1761 mvj cvwbc_i
3q hy Ges 1764 mvj evii hy nq| evii hy BsiRì KvQ gxi
Kvkg civwRZ nb|
1765 mvj eQi 26 j UvKv Ìqvi wewbgq ZrKvjxb gvMj mvU wZxq kvn
Avjgi wbKU _K GK digvb ej BsiRiv evsjv, wenvi I Iwolvi ivR^
Av`vqi gZv A_vr Ìqvwb mb` jvf Ki|
1765 mvj jW KvBf Dcgnv`k Z kvmb eev Ges 1793 mvj jW
KbIqvwjm wPivqx e`ve ceZb Kib|
1770 mvj (evsjv 1176) Dcgnv`k wQqvii gî bvg `ywf nq|
Encyclopedia Britannica
1780 mvj Rgm AMvvm wnwK ej MRU cwKvwU cKvk Kib|
1784 mvj fviZ kvmb AvBb cvm nq|
1775 - 1785 ch mgqKvj American Revolution Gi Rb weLvZ|
[A_vr weUbi ewYK m`vq AvgwiKvi 13wU AivR Dcwbek Mo ZzjwQjb|
1773 mvj wewUk cvjvgU Tea Act (Pv AvBb) cvm nIqvi cwZev` hyiv weLvZ
Boston Tea Party AbywZ nq| 4 RyjvB 1776 mvj wewUk kvmbvaxb AvgwiKvi
13wU ivi cwZwbwaiv dvi cZ mnvqZv wbq ^vaxbZv NvlYv Ki| AvgwiKvi
^vaxbZv hyi mgibvqK wQjb RR IqvwksUb|]
1789 mvj weLvZ French Revolution msNwUZ nq (kl nq 1799 mvj)|
G hyM Seven Year War (melevcx hy, - ) msMwVZ nq Ges
weUb dvi wei Rqjvf Ki|
Slogan of French Revolution:
i. Liberty (^vaxbZv)
ii. Equity (mvg)
iii. Fraternity (vZZ)
Major writers and works of the Age of Sensibility

1. Dr. Samuel Johnson: (1709-1784)
Titles:
Father of English Dictionary
Shakespeares Critic (kwcqi MelK)
First Lexicographer in English
(one who writes dictionaries)
1755 mvj wZwb c_g Dictionary wjLb| GwU 40 nvRvi k m^wjZ| GZ
ki wewfb evenvi `LvZ wP I D`vniY eeZ nqQ|
Famous books:
(i) A Preface to Shakespeare
(Shakespeare Gi merits I demerits wbq
literary criticism)
(ii) Rasselas: Prince of Abissinia (Novel)
ivmjvm DcbvmwUi evbyev` KiQb kx ZvivksKi
ZKiZ| eZgvb Bw_Iwcqvi c~ebvg wQj Avwewmwbqv|
(iii) Life of The English Poets
(GwU BsiwR mvwnZi AbZg k RxebPwiZvejx)
Famous poem: The Vanity of Human Wishes
gb ivLyb: John Dryden wjLQb: Preface to the Fables

William Wordsworth wjLQb: Preface to the Lyrical Ballads
2. Goethe: (gnvKwe MvU, 1749-1832)

Rb: Rvgvwbi dvdzU 28 AvM 1749 mvj
The greatest/ national poet of Germany
Famous dramatic poem (KvebvU): Faust (dvD)
The Sorrows of Young Werther (MvUi AvZRxebxg~jK Dcbvm)
Quote: Man errs so long he strives.
3. Henry Fielding: (1707-1754)

ZvK AbKB Father of English Novel ej _vKb;
(Ze AbK mgvjvPK Henry Fielding/ Daniel Defoe/ Samuel
Richardson/ Jonathon Swift- GB PviRbKB Zvì Ae`vbi Dci wfw
Ki Father of English novel ^xKwZ w`q _vKb| DjL, evsjv Dcbvmi
mv_K RbK ewgP` Pvcvavq)
wZwb Picaresque Novel Gi Rb weLvZ (hvi bvqK feNyi nq _vK) |
Henry Fielding Gi Pen Name njv Captain Hercules Vinegar
Famous plays of Fielding:
(i) The Tragedy of Tragedies
(ii) The Temple Beau
(iii) The Modern Husband
(iv) The Mock Doctor
(v) The Miser
(vi) Rape Upon Rape (Ze The Rape of the Lock gnvKvewU
wjLQb Alexander Pope)
Famous novels:
(i) Tom Jones
(ii) Amelia
(iii) Joseph Andrews
4. Oliver Goldsmith: (1728-1774)

A famous Anglo- Irish novelist, playwright and poet
Famous Books and poems:
(i) The Citizen of the World (a series of letters)
(ii) The Vicar of Wakefield (satiric Dcbvm)***
(iii) The Deserted Village (KweZv)
(iv) The Good Natured Man (KgwW)
(v) She Stoops to Conquer (KgwW)
(vi) The Traveller (a philosophical poem)
(vii) An Elegy on the Death of a Mad Dog (ironic KweZv)
(viii) The Hermit (KweZv, romantic ballad)
Quote: Handsome is that handsome does. (myìiv hv Kib, Zv-B myì)
5. Thomas Gray: (1716-1771)

wZwb Graveyard poet bvg LvZ|
1757 mvj wZwb Poet Laureate nIqvi
cve cqI cZvLvb Kib|
Famous elegy:
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard (c~e cyilì gZz wbq jLv)
Zvi weLvZ KweZv- Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat
Famous quotes:
(i) Full many a flower is born to blush unseen,
and waste its sweetness on the desert air.
(Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard)
(ii) Where ignorance is bliss, it is folly to be wise.
(hLvb AZvB Avkxev`, mLvb vbx nIqvUv evKvwg)
(iii) The paths of glory lead but to grave.
6. Edmund Burke: (12 January 1729 [1] 9 July 1797)

A famous essayist, orator and politician of
18th century|
wZwb Irish Born Whig politician wQjb|
ngx Mi 3q cvivq Zvi bvg DjL Kiv nqQ|
AbK eQi ai wZwb wewUk nvDm Ae Kg wewUk BM
`ji msm` m`m wnme `vwqZ cvjb Kib| AvgwiKvZ wewUk Dcwbek I ivRv 3q
RRi gaKvi weiva wZwb DcwbekjvK mg_b w`qQb| wZwb divwm wecei Pig
weivax wQjb|
Famous speechs of Edmund Burke:
Speech on Conciliation with America (1775)
(wZwb GB fvlY AvgwiKvK mwVK myhvM myweav w`q England Gi Aaxb
ivLZ cve KiwQjb|)
Speech on Mr. Foxs East India Bill. (About the tyranny
and opression of the British in Indian Sub-Continent.)
On American Taxation
Famous book: Reflection on the Revolution in France
(GB M wZwb divwm wecei Zxe mgvjvPbv Kib)
Famous quotes:
The greater the power, the more dangerous the abuse.
(gZv hZ eo Aceenvi ZZ wecbK)
Superstition is the religion to feeble minded persons.
Fear is the mother of safety.
Power and authority are sometimes bought by kindness.
7. Edward Gibbon: ((1737-1794)

GKRb BwZnvmwe` Ges wewUk msm` m`m
Famous historical book:
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
(ivgvb mvgvRi q Ges cZbi BwZnvm, 6 L;
GwU BsiwR fvlvq mek BwZnvm M wnme ^xKZ)
8. Lindley Murray: (1745-1826)
Father of English Grammar
1794 mvj Zvi weLvZ Bswjk Mvgvi eBwU wjLb|
9. Herasim Lebedeff (nivwmg jeWd):
Gerasim Lebedev, also spelled Herasim Lebedeff (1749 1817),
was a Russian adventurer, linguist, pioneer of Bengali theatre
(founded Hindu Theatre in 1795), translator, musician and writer.
He was a pioneer of Indology.
KjKvZvq 1795 mvj ej w_qUvi bvg GKwU ivjq vcb Kib|
wZwb mec_g The Disguise Ges Love is the Best Doctor bvgK `ywU bvUK
evbyev` Ki G`kxq cv-cvx viv Awfbq Kivb|
10. Sir Walter Scott: (1771-1832)

Dcvwa: Father of the Regional and Historical Novels
evsjvi U ejv nq- ewgP`K
Ivanhoe (AvBfvbnv) Zvi k Dcbvm (HwZnvwmK)
Famous works:
(i) Patriotism (Ze The Patriot bvg
Victorian hyMi Kwe Robert Browning
Gi GKUv weLvZ KweZv AvQ)
(ii) The Lady of the Lake (poem)
(iii)Waverley ( c_g wj )
(iv) Talisman (poem)
11. Herold J Laski: (jvw)

Book: A Grammar of Politics
Dw: K) AvBb ivi Ea|
L) MYZ nj `wi`, A I AhvMì kvmb|
12. Adam Smith: (Rb- Ujv; 1723-1790)
Father of Economics/ Classical Economics
wZwb jBm dqvi bxwZ Ges kgwefvM Z Gi cev|
He was a Scottish moral philosopher, pioneer of political economy,
and a key figure in the Scottish Enlightenment.
Smith is best known for two classic works: The Theory of Moral
Sentiments (1759), and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of
the Wealth of Nations (1776).
The Wealth of Nations A_bxwZi Dci cKvwkZ c_g c~Yv M| 2005 mvj
GB eBwU meKvji miv 100wU wUk eBqi ZvwjKvq vb cvq|
Ze AvaywbK A_bxwZi RbK gvwKb A_bxwZwe` cj mvgyqjmb| wZwb 1970 mvj
A_bxwZZ bvej cvb|
13. bv_vwbqj evwm nvjnW:
1778 mvj A Grammar of the Bengal Language
bvg evsjv UvBc mnhvM evsjv fvlvi c_g Av`k evKiY
M iPbv Kib| MwU g~jZ BsiwRZ gyw`Z|
14. William Carey (DBwjqvg Kwi):
William Carey (1761 1834) was a British missionary, a Particular
Baptist minister, a translator and an activist. He also opened the
first University in (Serampore) India offering degrees. He is
known as the "father of modern missions." He translated the Bible
into Bengali, Oriya, Assamese, Arabic, Hindi and Sanskrit.
1801 mvj Grammar of the Bengalee Language bvg BsiwR fvlvq evsjv
eKiY iPbv Kib|
15. Rousseau: (Ruv RvK ikv)
divwm `vkwbK, Ze RbQb myBRvijv|
cyiv bvg- Jean Jacques Rousseau
divwm wecei AMcw_K
Zvi ^vaxbZv, mvg I vZZi gZev`
divwm weceK AbycvwYZ KiwQj
Famous Books:
(i) The Social Contract
(evbyev`t mvgvwRK Pyw, mi`vi dRjyj Kwig)
(ii) Emile (On Education) -BgvBj
(iii) Julie
(iv) Discourse on the Origin and
Foundation of Inequility
Quotes:
(i) Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains.
(ii) Patience is bitter but its fruit is sweet.
(iii) RbMYB mvefg gZvi AwaKvix|
16. Voltaire: (fjZqvi)
cyiv bvgt Francis Marie Arouet
(dvmvqv gvwi Aviyq)
wZwb bvMwiK ^vaxbZvi ^c weklZ agi ^vaxbZv I
bvq wePvii AwaKvii c Aevb bqvi Rb weLvZ
wQjb|
Rb : dvi cvwim (1694 mvj)
ckv: jLK, bvUKvi, `vkwbK
Books:
(i) Candide (evZK Dcbvm)
Ze Candida bvg GKwU weLvZ Play wjLQb G.B. Shaw
(ii) Zaire
(iii) Essays on Morals
(iv) Spirit of Nations
Quotes:
(i) Prejudice is the reason of fools.
(Kzmsvi nQ evKvì hyw)
(ii) If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him.
(hw` cw_exZ Kvb v bv _vKZv, Zvnj GKRb v bZzb Ki mw Kivi cqvRb nZ)
(iii) I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to death your
right to say it. (A_vr Zzwg hv ej Avwg nqZv Zv gvwbbv| Ze Avwg AvgZz
Zvgvi K_v ejvi AwaKvi/ evK& mvaxbZv iv Kie)
Previous Questions
The Neoclassical Period
01. 'Elegy Written is a Country Churchyard' is written by- [36Zg wewmGm]
(a) William Wordsworth (b) Thomas Gray
(c) John Keats (d) W. B. Yeats Ans. b
02. 'Paradise Lost' attempted to---- [14Zg wewmGm]
(a) Justify the ways of man to God
(b) Justify the ways of God to man
(c) Show that the Satan and god have equal power
(d) Explain why good and evil are necessary. Ans. b
03. Who wrote the famous poetic line 'To err is human, to forgive is
divine'? [Xv.we. fwZ cixv- 2009-2010/ Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-2012]
(a) Pope (b) Shelley (c) Keats (d) Dryden Ans. a
04. Edmund Spenser is a ---. [Kvi ZveavqK (îv gYvjq) wbqvM cixv- 2012]
(a) Scientist (b) Poet (c) Critic (d) Dramatist Ans. b
05. Who is the composer of 'Paradise Lost'? [cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb
gYvjqi mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2012 / AvBb wePvi I msm` welqK gYvjqi mve iwRvi-2012]
(a) John Keats (b) Lord Byron
(c) S.T. Coleridge (d) John Milton Ans. d
06. 'Better to reign in Hell than to serve in Heaven.' Who said this
and where? [îv gYvjqi Aaxb ewnivMgb I cvmcvU Awaìi mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2011]
(a) Satan in "Paradise Lost" (b) Stain in "Paradise Regained"
(c) Adam in 'Paradise Lost' (d) Adam in 'Paradise Regained' Ans. a
07. 'Paradise Lost' is a/an ---- [ciivgYvjq ckvmwbK KgKZv wbqvM cixv- 2001]
(a) short story (b) epic poem
(c) play (d) lyrical poem Ans. b
08. Who of the following is a famous epic poet in English
literature? / Of the following authors who wrote an epic? [kg
Awaìi Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv DcmnKvix cwiPvjK c` wbqvM cixv- 2001]
(a) Jane Mansfield (b) John Milton
(b) William Cowper (d) William Shakespeare Ans. b
09. 'Paradise Regained' is an epic by- [miKvix gvawgK we`vjq mn. wkK -2011]
(a) John Keats (b) P.B. Shelly
(c) John Milton (d) William Blake Ans. c
10. kvKMxwZ 'Lycidas' -Gi iPwqZv K? [gv`Kè wbqY Awaì mnKvix cwiPvjK-1999]
(a) Thomas Gray (b) Alfred Tennyson
(c) John Milton (d) John Keats Ans. c
11. Who wrote 'Where ignorance is bliss, it is folly to be wise'?

[mvbvjx evsK wmwbqi Awdmvi- 2010]
(a) Robert Frost (b) George Orwell
(c) Thomas Gray (d) John Milton Ans. c
12. Who is famous for his elegies? [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2009-10]
(a) Robert Browning (b) Lord Byron
(c) Thomas Gray (d) Thomas Paine Ans. c
13. Who wrote 'Gulliver's Travels'? [AvBb wePvi I msm` welqK g. mve iwRvi- 2012]
(a) R. L. Stevenson (b) Daniel Defoe
(c) Jonathan Swift (d) D. H. Lawrence Ans. c
14. 'A Voyage of Lilliput' is written by-- [Kgmsvb evsK WvUv GwU AcviUi-2011]
(a) R. L Stevenson (b) Thomas Hardy
(c) Jonathan Swift (d) William Wordsworth Ans. c
15. Jonathan Swift is the author of-[kg-Kgmsvb gYvjqi mn cavb cwi`kK-2009]
(a) The Old man and the Sea (b) A Doll's House
(c) Robinson Crusoe (d) Gulliver's Travels Ans. d
16. The first English Dictionary was compiled by-- [15Zg wewmGm]
(a) Izaak Walton (b) Samuel Johnson
(c) Samuel Butler (d) Sir Thomas Browne Ans. b
17. Edmund Burke belonged to- [eb I cwiek gYvjq mn. cwiPvjK wbevPbx cixv- 1995]
(c) 18th century (d) 19th century Ans. c
18. The Romantic Age began with the publication of- [Ly.we.-2011-12]
(a) Lyrical Ballads (b) My Last Duchess
(c) A Tale of Two Cities (d) Canonization Ans. a
19. 'To err is human, to forgive is divine' is written by- [_vbv wkv
Awdmvi-2005/ mnKvix cwimsLvb KgKZv- 1998]
(a) Tennyson (b) W. Blake (c) Milton (d) Pope Ans. d
20. Who was the famous mock-heroic poet in English literature?
[mve-iwRvi wbevPbx cixv- 1992]
(a) Lord Byron (b) John Milton
(c) Alexander Pope (d) Lord Tennyson Ans. c
21. The First English novel, Pamela has been written by-
[Rbkw Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv Dc-cwiPvjK- 2007]
(a) Daniel Defoe (b) Henry Fielding
(c) Samuel Richardson (d) Sir Walter Scott Ans. c
22. Tom Jones by Henry Fielding was first published in- [13Zg wewmGm]
(a) the 1st half of 19th century (b) the 2nd half of 18th century
(c) the 1st half of 18th century (d) the 19th century Ans. c
23. 'A little learning is a dangerous thing' is a quotation from-

(a) Oscar wilds (b) Alfred Tennyson
(c) Alexander Pope (d) Voltaire Ans. c
24. Who is considered to be the father of English novel?
(a) Francis Bacon (b) Geoffrey Chaucer
(c) King Alfred the Great (d) Henry Fielding Ans. d
25. Alexander Pope's "An Essay on Man" is a- [MYc~Z Awa.cKkjx- 20111]
(a) Novel (b) Treatise
(c) Short Story (d) Poem Ans. d
26. Who wrote first English dictionary?/ Who is the author of the
first English dictionary? [28Zg wewmGm]
(a) Boswell (b) Ben Jonson
(c) Samuel Johnson (d) Milton Ans. c
27. Who is the most famous satirist in English literature? [12Zg wewmGm/
`ybxwZ `gb eyivi mnKvix Dc-cwi`kK c` wbqvM cixv- 2004]
(a) Alexander Pope (b) Jonathan Swift
(c) William Wordsworth (d) Butler Ans. b
28. Poet Alexander Pope's famous work-- [Z_ gYvjqi Aaxb mn cwi- 2003]
(a) The Rape of the Lock (b) Spectator
(c) The Deserted Village (d) Man was made to mourn Ans. A
29. "Full many a flower is born to blush unseen,
And waste its sweetness in the desert air.'- [gv`Kè wbqY Awaì- 1999]
(a) Shelly (b) Wordsworth (c) Thomas Gray (d) Keats Ans. c
30. A lexicographer is a person who writes-- [Z_ gYvjq mn. cwiPvjK-2003]
(a) Novels (b) Dictionaries (c) Graphs (d) Medical books Ans. b
31. Paradise Regained is an epic written by-- [R.we. fwZ cixv- 2012-13]
(a) Homer (b) Tagore
(c) Dante (d) Milton Ans. D
32. Who was the famous mock-heroic poet in English literature?
[mve-iwRvi wbevPbx cixv- 1992]
(a) Lord Byron (b) John Milton
(c) Alexander Pope (d) Lord Tennyson Ans. c
33. Who is considered to be the father of English novel? [ijIq mn-00]
(a) Francis Bacon (b) Geoffrey Chaucer
(c) King Alfred the Great (d) Henry Fielding Ans. D
34. Who has written the poem "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard"?
[37Zg wewmGm]
(a) Thomas Gray (b) P.B. Shelley
(c) Robert Frost (d) Y.B.Yeats Ans. a
35. 'Restoration period' in English literature refers to - [37Zg wewmGm]

(a) 1560 (b) 1660
(c) 1760 (d) 1866 Ans. b
36. A mornful poem written on the death of someone's love is
called__ [J.U. (C) 14-15]
(a) homage (b) ode
(c) elegy (d) saga Ans. c
37. Addison and Steele are known for__ [K.U. (gvbweK zj) 06-07]
(a) Lyrical Ballad (b) The Mirror
(c) The Spectator (d) Biographia Literaria Ans. c
38. 'A critic and lexicographer' applies to __
(a) Bradly (b) Coleridge
(c) Johnson (d) Hazlitt Ans. c
39. An epic is based on__ performed by a hero. [Jn.U. (B) 12-13]
(a) heroic deeds (b) a narrative
(c) intervention (d) trifle subjects Ans. a
40. A 'canto' is - [D.U. (B-EE) 10-11]
(a) an act of a play (b) a part of play
(c) a chapter of a novel (d) a division of an epic Ans. d
41. A novel in the form of letters is called ___. [D.U.(B-EE) 14-15]
(a) picaresque novel (b) novelette
(c) non-fiction novel (d) epistolary novel Ans. d
42. The narrator of a novel written in the third person is called -
narrator. [DU(B-EE) 15-16]
(a) a dedicated (b) an evanscent
(c) a ubiquitous (d) an omniscient Ans. d
43. A work which has a meaning behind the surface meaning is__
[ewnivMgb I cvmcvU Awaìi mnKvix cwiPvjK-11]
(a) an epic (b) an allegory
(c) a metaphor (d) personification Ans. b
44. What is the meaning of the word 'Dirge'? [_vbv mnKvix wkv Awdmvi- 95]
(a) a kind of sonnet sequence
(b) a son expressing patriotic sentiment
(c) a long verse telling about an adventure
(d) a song expressing grief, lamentation and mourning Ans. d
45. Goethe is the greatest poet of___. [cvmcvU/BwgMkbi mn:cwiPvjK-98]
(a) Germany (b) Russia
(c) England (d) France Ans. a
5. The Romantic Period

Duration: 1798-1832
5. The Romantic Period

Duration: 1798-1832 (gZvi 1785-1830)
G hyMK ejv nq- The Golden Age of Lyric (MxwZ KweZv)/ Age of
Revolution; G mgq BsiwR KweZv Zvi mevP P~ovq cuQ|
Slogan: Art for Arts Sake (wki Rb wk; A_vr wk mwi cQb
Kvb bwZK Dk bB)
Romanticism Gi msv:
It is not only imitation but creation with the help of
imagination.
4 g, 1800 mvj Mfbi Rbvij jW Iqvjmwj KZK ivRv DBwjqvgi
bvgvbymvi KjKvZvq dvU DBwjqvg KjR cwZwZ nq|
In 1801, Ireland was united

with England. A_vr 1801 mvj ivRv
3q RRi Avgj (ivRZKvj 1760-1820)
MU weUb I Avqvijv GK nq United
Kingdom (hyivR) MwVZ nq|
(DjL, 1921 mvj Avqvijv ^vaxbZv
jvf Kij eZgvb UK ejZ- Bsjv,
Ujv, Iqj&m I Di AvqvijvK eySvq) The 4 countries of the UK
1805 mvj dvi wei wewUk bevwnbxi RqK iYxq Ki ivLZ jbi
K`j weLvZ UvdvjMvi qvi wbwgZ nq| DjL, UvdvjMvi hy Bsjvi b
mbvcwZ KvQ dv Ges bi wgwjZ evwnbx civwRZ nq| wK bjmb
wbR wjwe nq gviv hvb|
UvdvjMvi
qvi
1829 mvj jW ewU Dcgnv`k mZx`vn c_v wejvc Kib|

Akbar Shah II (18061837) became a British pensioner after the
defeat of the Marathas, who were the protector of the Mughal
throne, in the Anglo-Maratha wars. Under East India Companys
protection, his imperial name was removed from the official
coinage after a brief dispute with the British East India Company.
In 1830, Train was introduced in England. (Ze jW Wvjnwm 1854
mvj Dcgnv`k ij eev Pvjy Kib|)
1831 mvj Kbj zqvUi bZZ wZZzgxii euvki Kjv asm Kiv nq|
Pioneers of Romanticism:
i) William Wordsworth
ii) S.T. Coleridge
1798 mvj Zvì cKvwkZ Lyrical
Ballads bvgK KveM cKvki ga w`q
BsiwR Romantic Period Gi hvv i nq|
(GB M Kweq cgvY KiQb h, GKevi mvaviY gvbyli
fvlvqI KweZv jLv hvq| c~eeZx wbIKvwmK hyM KweZvq
RvqMv cZ exihvv, ivRv-ivbx I AwfRvZ gnji evwm`viv)
DjLt Ballad ki A_ MxwZ-KvwnbxKve| GwU

Ggb GKwU Kvwnbx/ M wbfi Mvb hwU AwjwLZ
Aevq jvKi gyL-gyL Pj GmQ| G hyMi gZ Title page of the first edition
msw mgq GZ cwZfvevb Kweì GKmv_ mgvMg Gi AvM `Lv hvqwb|
Romantic Age wKQz iZc~Y ewk:
Subjectivity [KweZvq I (Avwg) Gi eenvi]
High Imagination
Pvlv-f~lv, gyU-gRyi, wk I feNyi _K i Ki wbgwe I gawe mgvRi
gvbyli gyLi fvlvK KweZvi fvlvq wbq Avmvi cPv|
Love for nature, beauty, common people common language
Supernaturalism (AwZ cvKZev`) etc.
Wordsworth mn ivgvwUK hyM AbK Kwe 1789 mvj msMwVZ divwm wece viv
cfvweZ nqwQjb|
Wordsworth, Coleridge Ges Robert Southey- GB wZb KweK Lake poets
ejv nq|
Romantic Period Gi KqKRb iZc~Y mvwnwZK:
1. William Wordsworth: (1770-1850)

IqvWmIqv_i Dcvwa:
Poet of Nature***
Poet of Childhood
Lake Poet
Believer in Pantheism
Father of Romantic Age IqvWmIqv_
gb ivLyb:
* Pantheist (mekiev`x)- Everything is God
* Monotheist (GKkiev`x)- Everything is Gods
* Polytheist- (e Bkiev`x)
He became a Poet Laureate in 1839. (Poet Laureate gvb
mfvKwe/ court poet of England; Ze wZwb KvgweR wekwe`vjq _K wkv
jvf Kib|)
IqvWmIqv_i mv_ evsjv mvwnZi wef~wZf~lY e`vcvavqi wgj cvIqv hvq|
ZvK Oxford wekwe`vjq _K mvbm~PK Doctor of Civil Law wWwM `qv nq|
Wordsworth Gi GKgv bvUK: The Borderers
The Prelude (wcwjDW) bvg wZwb Poetic Autobiography GKwU Kve
iwPZ AvZRxebx wjLb| (wkKvj _K bvbv AwfZvi ga w`q wbRi Kwemvi
weKvki BwZnvm wbq G wekvj AvZRewbK KveKgwU iwPZ nqQ)
Famous book of poems (KveM):

Lyrical Ballads - GZ gvU 23wU KweZv iqQ|
(19wU Wordsworth Gi; 4wU Zvi ez Coleridge Gi)
Famous poems of Wordsworth:
The Daffodils [I wondered lonely as a cloud- GwU Simile (wmwgwj) Gi
D`vniY; The comparison of unlike things using the words like or as
known to be- simile]
GB KweZvq Kwe Daffodil viv eywSqQb- Nature has a healing power to
a sorrow stricken heart. (A_vr cKwZi wbivgq gZv AvQ)
Tintern Abbey
(wUbUvbi gV, Wye b`xi Zxi GKwU gVi bvg Tintern G KweZvq Kwe wbRK
worshiper of nature wnme AvLvwqZ KiQb| gb ivLyb: 1560 mvj ivbx
GwjRve_ wbwgZ jbi GKwU PvPi bvg Westminister Abbey)
The Solitary Reaper (GKvKx kl AvniYKvix)
Ode on Immortality (AgiZi Mvb)
Michael
Written in March
Revolution and Independence
Rainbow
* Ze Rainbow bvg GKwU weLvZ novel wjLQb Modern Period
Gi D. H. Lawrence|
The Excursion (` GKvikb)
Lucy Poems (jywm bvgi GKwU gqK wbq; Lucy is a series of five
poems about an English girl who died young.)
gb ivLyb: Robert Herrick wjLQb: To Daffodils KweZv, Ze Daffodils

bvg AviKwU weLvZ KweZv wjLQb AvaywbK hyMi weLvZ Kwe UW wnDR|
Famous quotes of Wordsworth:
1. Child is the father of man (Nywgq AvQ wki wcZv me wkiB Ai)
2. All at once I saw a crowd, a host of golden daffodils.
Ten thousands saw I at a glance tossing their heads
In sprightly dance. -The Daffodils KweZv _K
[Avwg GK bRi `k nvRvi dzj `Ljvg; Hyperbole (AwZib) Gi D`vniY]
3. Our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting.
(Y Y gZz Avwg ZvnviB ewj)
4. Nature never did betray the heart that loved her.
(cKwZK fvjvevmj cKwZ KLbv wekvmNvZKZv Ki bv; GwU
Tintern Abbey KweZvq Kwe Zvi evb Dorothy K GB Dc`k w`qQb)
5. Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.

(KweZv nQ cej AveMi ^Zt~Z ewntcKvk; GB msvwU Lyrical Ballads-G w`qQb)
6. The music in my heart I bore/ Long after it was heard no more.
-The Solitary Reaper
7. The best portion of a good mans life, his little, nameless,
unremembered act of kindness and love. (Lyrical Ballads)
8. Poetry is the breath and finer spirit of knowledge.
9. Every great poet is a teacher.
10. Let nature be your teacher.
11. Our birth is but a sleep and forgetting.
IqvWmIqv_i gZ Process of poetic creation njv:

a) Observation b) Recollection
c) Meditation d) Composition
2. S.T. Coleridge: (1772-1834)

cyiv bvg: Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Title: Poet of supernaturalism
(AwZcvKZi Kwe)
Bosom friend and literary collaborator
of Wordsworth
Addicted to opium (Opium eater) Coleridge
(Keats I Avwdg LZb; Ze Exam G Avmj Coleridge w`Z ne, KviY
wZwb Avwdg Avm wQjb| KvjwiR cveq Rxeb `yej ^v, evZRi Ges
evBcvjvi wWmAWvi fzMwQjb| Gme AmyZvi KviY ZvK Avwdgi AviK
(Laudanum) w`q wPwKrmv Kiv nqwQj| hvi dj mviv Rxeb Zvi ga Avwdgi
Avmw cwZcvwjZ nq)
Famous book: Biographia Literaria (GwU GKwU mgvjvPbvg~jK M)
Zvi KweZv cvV Kij cvVKi gb, Willing suspension of disbelief Zwi nq|
A_vr, cvVK Awekvm welqK wekvm KiZ i Ki|
Kwe Rb KxUm mK Coleridge ejQb Keats was a Greek.
Famous poems of Coleridge:

1. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner***
(&GB KweZvq Albatross cvwLi K_v ejv nqQ)
2. Kubla Khan (a romantic poem: ^c cvIqv Am~Y KweZv;
gvj kvmK I Pxbi mgvU Kyejv Lvbi MxKvjxb cvmv` RvbvWyi GKwU
eYbv covi ci GKivZ Avwdg Lq Nygvbvi ci wZwb GwU ^c `Lb)
3. Dejection: An ode
4. Christabel (wvej)
Quotes from The Rime of Ancient Mariner:
a) Water, water, every where
Nor any drop to drink.
b) Alone, alone, all, all alone
Alone on a wide, wide sea. (It is an example of assosance/îvbycvm)
b) He prayth best who loveth best.
All things both great and small.
(fvev_: Rxe `qv Ki hB Rb, mB Rb mweQ Cki-^vgx weeKvb`)
3. P.B. Shelley: (1792-1822)

cyiv bvg: Percy Bysshe Shelley
Titles:
Revolutionary Poet
Lyrical Poet/ Poet of Wind
Poet of Hope and Regeneration cvwm wek kwj
He was expelled from Oxford University for atheism (bvwKZv)
He liked Keats very much, Zvi cKU me mgq Keats Gi KweZv _vKZ|
wZwb 30 eQi eqm BZvwjZ bKvWyweZ gviv hvb|
Zvi Amgv M: The Triumph|
Shelley was drowned while he was crossing the Adriatic sea (1822)
Jibonanondo Das is often called the Shelly of Bangladesh.
Famous books of Shelley:

1. The Revolt of Islam (GwU kwji weLvZ KweZv;
Ze The Spirit of Islam MwU wjLQb- mq` Avgxi Avjx)
2. A Defense of Poetry (mvwnZ mgvjvPbv M)
3. The Necessity of Atheism (GwUi RbB wZwb Oxford _K ewnZ nb)
4. Prometheus Unbound (a four act play/tragedy)
*** Father of Greek Literature LvZ Aeschylus Gi `ywU weLvZ bvUK:
1. Prometheus Bound 2. Agamemnon
5. Cenci (&GKwU Tragedy)
6. Adonais (KveM: GKwU elegy, Keats Gi gZz wbq jLv)
Famous poems of P.B. Shelley:
a) Ode to the West Wind (cwgv mgxiYi Mvb: wZwb cwgv evqyK
destroyer and preserver wnme AvLvwqZ KiQb)
b) Ode to a Skylark (fiZcxi Mvb)
c) The Cloud
d) Ozymandias (a famous sonnet)
(IRvBgwqvm: divDb; GB divDbi bvg wQj Ramses-II )
e) Queen Mab (c_g `xN KweZv)
f) Alaster (Zvi AvZRxebx)
g) When Soft Voices Die (Ze Two Voices wjLQb Kwe Tennyson)
h) The Masque of Anarchy
(Ze Culture & Anarchy wjLQb wfvwiqvb hyMi Kwe Matthew Arnold)
Famous quotes of P B Shelley:
i) If winter comes
Can spring be far behind? (Ode to the West Wind)
ii) Oh! Lift me as wave, a leaf, a cloud!
I fall upon the thorns of life. (Ode to the West Wind)
iii) Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
(KweMY weki A^xKZ AvBb cYZv)
iv) We look before and after and pine for what is not.
v) Fear not the future, weep not for the past.
vi) My name is Ozymandias, King of king. (It is an example of Irony)
vii) Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.
(weini Mvb gayi Mvb, Ode to a Skylark )
viii) The more we study, the more we discover our ignorance.
gb ivLyb: Romantic Kwe P B Shelleyi x Mary Shelleyi
wekweLvZ Novel Gi bvg Frankenstein (dvbBb) ev The
Modern Prometheus; P B Shelley Ges Byron Gi Drmvn wZwb
1828 mvj GwU wjLQb| g~j welq: gvbyl AcwiYvg`kx nj Zvi mwi nvZB
Zvi wbRi webvk NU|
4. John Keats: (1795-1821)

Titles: 1. Poet of beauty
2. Poet of sensuousness
(KviY Zvi KweZv cvV Kij cvVKi five senses RvMZ nq)
4. A death hunted poet
3. The youngest poet of English literature Keats
He was also a physician, surgeon and doctor
Zvi KvweK Rxeb wQj gv 5 eQi|
Zvi KweZvi wKQz ewk njv- Escapism, Negative capability,
Hellenism BZvw`|
He died of Tb (Tuberculosis,) at age of 26 in Rome of Italy.
Keats I Avwdg LZb| Ze Coleridge Gi gZv Addicted wQjb bv|
Famous books of poems:
1. Endymion
2. Hyperion
3. Lamia
Famous sonnet: On First Looking into Chapmans Homer

(g~jZ Kwe Homer Gi gnvKvejvi c_g BsiwR Abyev` KiwQjb RR Pvcgvb)
Famous Poems:
1. Ode to a Nightingale
2. Ode on a Grecian Urn
(cvPxb wMmi GKwU cv; a piece of
ancient Greek sculpture) gb ivLyb:
3. Ode to Autumn wgkwiq bvix D KzjmygK Aviei
4. Ode on Melancholy bvBwUj ejv nq|
5. Ode to Psyche fviZi gwnjv Kwe mivwRwb bvBWvK
6. Ode to Fancy bvBwUj Ae Bwqv (fviZi KvwKj)
7. Isabella ejv nq|
Avi BZvwjq bvix dvi bvBwUji
Famous quotes of Keats: Dcvwa njv 'Lady with the lamp'|
i. Beauty is truth, truth beauty. (Ode on a Grecian Urn)
ii. A thing of beauty is a joy forever. (Endymon)
iii. Heard melodies are sweet but those unheard are sweeter.
(A_vr gvbyl ARvbvK RvbZ Pvq; Ode on a Grecian Urn)
iv. 'My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains. My sense, as
though of hemlock I had drunk.'
(Avgvi `q e_v KiQ, wb`vZyi GK weekZv cxov KiQ Avgvi Bw`qjvK, hb
Avwg cvb KiwQ ngjK, Ode to a Nightingale)
Keats Gi gZ, If poetry comes not as naturally as the leaves to a
tree it had better not come at all. (MvQi ga hfve cvZv MRvq, mfve
Kwei fZi _K ^Zt~Zfve KweZv bv Avmj, Zv eis bv AvmvB fvjv)
5. William Blake: (1757-1827)

He was both poet and painter
wZwb Neo-classical period _K jLvjwL
i KiwQjb| G Rb AbKB ZvK
Neo classical period Gi jLK gb Kib|
Books of poems:
i. Songs of Innocence
ii. Songs of Experience William Blake
(Ze Songs of Blood and Sword MwU wjLQb cvwKvbi dvwZgv fv)
iii. Milton: A Poem
(Ze On Shakespeare bvg GKwU Elegy wjLQb gnvKwe wgjUb)
Famous book: Marriage of Hell and Heaven (A theological book)

Famous quotes:
i. The road of excess leads to the palace of wisdom.
ii. All pray in their distress.
iii. Little lamb, who made thee?
iv. It is easier to forgive an enemy than to forgive a friend.
6. Charles Lamb: (1775-1834)
He has never married. (wPiKzgvi wQjb)
He was also a famous essayist.
wZwb Elia Qbvg (Pen-name) wjLZb|
Famous books:
i. The Essays of Elia
ii. The Last Essays of Elia
iii. Tales from Shakespeare (a childrens book; GB wkZvl
MwU wZwb Ges Zvi evb Mary Land h_fve 1907 mvj iPbv Kib)
Famous poem: The Old Familiar Faces
7. William Hazlitt:
A famous critic and essayist
DBwjqvg nvRwjU ivgvwUK hyM mK ejQbt
It was a time of promise, a renewal of the world and of letters.
(GUv wQj cwZkwZi mgq, weki bZybZi mgq, Avi wkv `xvi mgq)
Books:
1) The Spirit of Age
2) The Dramatic Literature of the Age of Elizabeth
Quotes:
1) Poverty i s the test of civility and the touchstone of friendship.
2) Prejudice is the child of ignorance. (Kymsvi nQ AZvi dj)
Spirit k w`q Aviv wZbwU weLvZ eB:

1. The Spirit of Islam: Sir Sayed Ameer Ali
2. Spirit of Nations: fjZqvi (divwm `vkwbK)
3. The Spirit of Capitalism: Max Waver (wZwb AvgjvZi RbK;
Zvi Ab M: The Protestant Ethics)
8. Lord Byron: (1788-1824)

George Gordon Lord Byron
wZwb 36 eQi eqm wMmi gmjw _vKv
Aevq Ri Avv nq gviv hvb|
Title: Rebel Poet (we`vnx Kwe)
Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the rebel
poet of Bengali Literature. Lord Byron
evqib evBcvjvi AvB wWmAWvi Ges gvwbK wWckb fzMZb|
wZwb Dmgvbxq mvvRi wei Greece Gi ^vaxbZv hy AskMnY
KiwQjb| ZvB Greek iv ZvK National Hero wnme MY Kib|
Famous books of Byron:
1. The Vision of Judgement
2. Hours of Idleness
3. Heaven and Earth
Famous poem: Child Harolds Pilgrimage
Famous epic: Don Juan (Wb Rvqvb) GwU GKwU epic satire
Don Juan Gi Pwivewj: Don Alfonso, Don Juan, Donna Julia etc.
evqibi weLvZ MxwZ KweZv: She walks in beauty like the night.
Famous quotes:
1. Mans love is of mans life a thing apart,
Tis (It is) womans whole existence. (Don Juan)
2. Revenge is sweet especially to women.
3. Mans conscience is the oracle of God. (gvbyli weeK vi èevbx)
evqib Kbv cm:
Cambridge wekwe`vjqi MwYZi AavcK Charles Babbage 1822 mvj
Difference Engine Ges 1833 mvj Analytical Engine Gi bKkv Zwi Kib| hv
_K Modern Computer Gi De nq| GB Analytical Engine Gi Software
cqvRb nZv| GB Software Zwii Rb Babbage Kwe Byron Gi Kbv Lady Ada
Augusta Lovelace K wbqvM `b|
Lady Ada cw_exi c_g KwDUvi cvMvgvi|
evsjv`ki c_g KwDUvi cvMvgvi: nvwbd Dxb wgqv
KwDUvi cvMvwgs Gi fvlv Ada Zvi bvgvbymvi bvgKiY Kiv nqQ|
Jane Austen: (RBb Awb; 1775-1817)

An anti-romantic female novelist of the
Romantic Period
wZwb AweevwnZ wQjb Ges evevi jvBewiZ covbv
KiZb; euP wQjb gv 42 eQi
Zvi Amgv Dcbvmi bvg: Sandition
Novels:
1. Pride and Prejudice (cRywWm, GwU domestic novel, gv 22 eQi
eqm jLv GB DcbvmwU A`vewa 20 j Kwci ewk wew nqQ)
Pwi: Mr. Darcy, Elizabeth Bennet (protagonist)
2. Sense and Sensibility
3. Emma
4. Mansfield Park
5. Persuasion
6. Northanger Abbey
Famous quote:
A lady's imagination is very rapid; it jumps from admiration to
love, from love to matrimony (weevn) in a moment.
(Pride and Prejudice)
10. Alexander Pushkin: (1799-1837)
Father of Modern Russian Literature
ik mvwnZi AvaywbKZvi RbK|
National Poet of Russia
Zvi weLvZ M:
a) Boris Godunov (ewim Mv`ybf; Dcbvm)
b) Eugene Onegin (Q` iwPZ Dcbvm)
11. nbwi jyB wfwfqvb wWivwRI: :(1808-1832)
wZwb GKRb BDivkxq wPvwe`
Zvi wklì Bqs ej (BsiR fveavivcy evOvwj hyeK) ejv nq|
gv 17 eQi eqm KjKvZvi cwmWw KjR (ZrKvjxb wn`y KjR) BsiwR
mvwnZ I BwZnvmi wkK nb|
1828 wLv GKvWwgK Gmvwmqkb bvg GKwU msMVb Mo Zvjb|
Zvi cavb M: The Fakeer of Jungkeera
1831 mvj Zvi mvw`Z evsjv cwKv vbv^lY; BsiwR cwKv GbKvqvivi
1832 mvj ZvK wn`y KjR _K ewnvi Kiv nq Ges gv 22 eQi eqm wZwb
gZzeiY Kib|
Previous Questions
The Romantic Period
01. Who is known as the poet of nature in English literature?
[36Zg wewmGm]
(a) Lord Tennyson (b) John Milton
(c) William Wordsworth (d) John Keats Ans. c
02. The poem 'The Solitary Reaper' is written by-[36Zg wewmGm]
(a) W. H. Auden (b) W. Wordsworth
(c) W. B. Yeats (d) Ezra Pound Ans. b
03. Which of the following writers belongs to the Romantic period
in English literature? [36Zg wewmGm]
(a) A. Tennyson (b) Alexander Pope
(c) John Dryden (d) S.T. Coleridge Ans. d
04. The Romantic age in English literature began with the
publication of----.[36Zg wewmGm]
(a) Preface to Shakespeare (b) Preface of Lyrical Ballads
(c) Preface to Ancient Mariners
(d) Preface to Dr. Johnson Ans. b
05. Ballad is [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi cwi`kK c` evQvB cixv-2003]
(a) a kind of short narrative poem (b) a kind of short condoling poem
(c) a kind of short lyrical poem (d) a rhymic verse Ans. c
06. 'Child is the father of man' is taken from the poem of---. [36Zg wewmGm]
(a) W. Wordsworth (b) S. T. Coleridge
(c) P. B. Shelley (d) A. C. Swinburne Ans. a
07. The year 1798 is famous for--- [cwimsLvb KgKZv- 2010]
(a) The French Revolution (b) The American Independence
(c) Publication of lyrical ballads (d) The death of Keats Ans. c
08. Pioneer/s of Romanticism is/are- [_vbv wkv KgKZv cixv-2010]
(a) Wordsworth (b) Coleridge
(c) Both a & b (d) None Ans. c
09. Water, water, everywhere, not a drop to drink jvBb Kvb Kwei jLv?
[cwZiv gYvjqi Aaxb mvBdvi Awdmvi wbqvM- 1999]
(a) Wordsworth (b) Gray (c) Coleridge (d) Scott Ans. c
10. "Child is the father of man" is taken from the writings of
[cv_wgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK wbqvM cixv-1992]
(a) P.B Shelly (b) S.T. Coleridge
(c) W. Wordsworth (d) A.C. Swinburne Ans. c
11. Romanticism is mainly connected with--- [hye Dbqb Awaì mnKvix

cwiPvjK wbqvM cixv- 1999/ ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2010-11]
(a) Joy and happiness
(b) Expectation and disappointment
(c) Excitement and sensation
(d) Love and beauty Ans. d
12. Which is known as Romantic Period of English literature?
[Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) 1550-1558 (b) 1649-1660
(c) 1798-1832 (d) 1910-1936 Ans. c
13. Most important feature of a romantic poetry is--- [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi
mnKvix Dc-cwi`kK c` wbqvM cixv- 2004]
(a) Beauty (b) Nature
(c) Subjectivity (d) Imagination Ans. c/d
14. 1798-1832 mvj ch mgqK BsiwR mvwnZi Kvb Kvj ejv nq? [_vbv mnKvix
cwievi cwiKbv Awdmvi-1998]
(a) The Renaissance Period (b) The Elizabethan Age
(c) The Restoration (d) The Romantic Age Ans. d
15. Who of the following was both a poet and painter?/wbvì ga
K GKvavi Kwe Ges wPwkx wQjb? [15Zg wewmGm / mnKvix cwimsLvb KgKZv-1998]
(a) Keats (b) Donne
(c) Blake (d) Spenser Ans. c
16. The author of 'Songs of Innocence and of Experience' is--
[Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2010-11/Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) John Lennon (b) Richard Mark
(c) William Blake (d) John Keats Ans. c
17. Who among the following is not a novelist? [Ly. we. fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) Hardy (b) Joyce (c) Thackeray (d) Blake Ans. d
18. One of the four mentioned below is not poet of Romantic age-
[ijIq mnKvix KgvU c` wbhvM cixv- 2000]
(a) William Blake (b) William Wordsworth
(c) P.B. Shelley (d) John Keats Ans. a
19. William Wordsworth was a [kg I Kgmsvb gYvjqi mnKvix cwi`kK-2009]
(a) Novelist (b) historian (c) Poet (d) dramatist Ans. c
20. Why were The Daffodils in Wordsworth's I wandered Lonely as
a Cloud dancing? [XvKv wekwe`vjq- 2012-13]
(a) The poet was day dreaming
(b) The flowers had cheerful company
(c) The sea waves beside them had gone wild
(d) There was a strong wind. Ans. d
21. In I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud Wordsworth compares the

daffodils with [XvKv wekwe`vjq cixv-2012-13]
(a) the stars of the milky way (b) the waves
(c) the trees (d) the milky way Ans. a
22. William Wordsworth is pre-eminently [cvmcvU I BwgMkb Awaìi
mnKvix cwiPvjK-2007/mnKvix _vbv wkv Awdmvi cixv-2010]
(a) a poet of nature (b) a poet of love
(c) a poet of human nature (d) a poet of liberty Ans. a
23. The Daffodils is a poem written by [cwimsLvb KgKZv- 2010]
(a) William Wordsworth (b) Lewis Carroll
(c) John Keats (d) P.B. Shelly Ans. a
24. Lyrical Ballads was published in the year-. [mq cwiìi mn. cwi-2009]
(a) 1798 (b) 1770
(c) 1779 (d) 1775 Ans. a
25. In 'I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud' the daffodils gave the poet.
[XvKv wekwe`vjq cixv- 2012-13]
(a) a great deal of pleasure (b) very pleasure
(c) many pleasure (d) much pleasure Ans. a
26. William Wordsworth Gi mgmvgwqK Kwe K? [mnKvix cwimsLvb KgKZv wZxq
kYxi c` wbqvMi Rb evQvB cixv-1998]
(a) T.S. Eliot (b) W.B. Yeats
(c) D.G. Rossetti (d) S.T. Coleridge Ans. d
27. Who is known as the poet of nature in English literature?
[cavbgxi Kvhvjq I gwcwil` Kvhvjq ckvmwbK KgKZv-2004/DcRjv mgvRmev-2008]
28. In The Solitary Reaper what does the word solitary mean?
[cavbgxi Kvhvjq I gwcwil` Kvhvjq ckvmwbK KgKZv wbqvM cixv-2004]
(a) classical (b) modern
(c) romantic (d) Greek Ans. c
29. Wordsworth is a poet. [ciivgYvjq ckvmwbK KgKZv wbqvM cixv-2001]
(a) classical (b) modern
(c) romantic (d) Greek Ans. c
30. The Solitary Reaper is a [_vbv mnKvix wkv Awdmvi wbqvM cixv-1995/Rbkw,
Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv DcmnKvix cwiPvjK c` wbqvM-2001]
(a) heroic poem (b) romantic poem
(c) classical poem (d) patriotic poem Ans. b
31. Written in March is a poem composed by- [gv. we`v mn. wkK-2001]
(a) William Wordsworth (b) William Congreve
(c) William Blake (d) William Shakespeare Ans. a
32. Wordsworth was inspired by [Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv DcmnKvix

cwiPvjK c` wbqvM-2001]
(a) the French Revolution (b) the American Revolution
(c) the Russian Revolution (d) the Industrial Revolution Ans. a
33 Who wrote the poem Solitary Reaper? [Kgmsvb evsK mn. Awdmvi (Kvk)- 2001]
(a) Wordsworth (b) Shelley
(c) Keats (d) Shakespeare Ans. a
34. William Wordsworth wrote [cv_wgK we`vjq cavb wkK-1997]
(a) The Rape of the Lock
(b) The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
(c) The Lucy Poems
(d) Absalom and Achitophel Ans. c
35. Who wrote poem about Lucy? [cv_wgK we`vjq cavb wkK-1994]
(a) S.T. Coleridge (b) P.B. Shelley
(c) William Wordsworth (d) Lord Byron Ans. c
36. Lucy mK KweZv Kvb Kwe iPbv Kib? [cv_wgK we`vjq cavb wkK wbqvM cixv-1994]
(c) William Wordsworth (d) Lord Byron Ans. c
37. The Daffodils wK RvZxq iPbv? [msm` mwPevjqi Aaxb mnKvix mwPe-1996]
(a) Dcbvm (b) KweZv (c) bvUK (d) gY Kvwnbx Ans. b
38. The literary work Kubla Khan is [13Zg wewmGm]
(a) a history of Vincent Smith (b) a verse by Coleridge
(c) a drama by Oscar Wilde
(d) a short-story by Somerset Maugham Ans. b
39. P.B. Shelley is known as [we`yr Dbqb evWi Dc-mnKvix-2012]
(a) Epic Poet (b) Romantic Poet
(c) Poet of nature (d) Poet of beauty Ans. b
40. Who is the author of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner? [kg
Awaì kg Awdmvi-1994/ DcRjv mgvRmev Awdmvi-2008]
(a) William Wordsworth (b) S.T. Coleridge
(c) W. Somerset Maugham (d) Sir Walter Scott Ans. b
41. Who was English poet addicted to opium?
[cv_wgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK- 2003]
(c) John Keats (d) Pearl S. Buck Ans. a
42. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a
[îv gYvjqi Aaxb ewnivMgb I cvmcvU Awaìi mnKvix cwiPvjK-2011]
(a) play (b) short story
(c) novel (d) poem Ans. d
43. Who wrote Prometheus Unbound? [ciiv gYvjqi mvBdi Awdmvi-2012]

(a) Coleridge (b) Keats (c) Byron (d) Shelley Ans. d
44. The phrase trunk less legs in the poem Ozymandias refers
to: [RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) hug legs (b) legs without toes
(c) legs without body (d) beautiful legs Ans. c
45. The statue of Ozymandias is [RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) on a mountain (b) beside a river
(c) in a desert (d) in a valley Ans. c
46. In Ozymandias, who saw the statue of Ozymandias?
[RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) the poet (b) an old man
(c) a traveller (d) a sculptor Ans. c
47. The central idea of Ozymandias is that
[RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) all things, both great and small, will perish
(b) man is mortal, art immortal
(c) imagination is stronger than fact
(d) history repeats Ans. a
48. In Shellys Ozymandias frown, and sneer of cold command
are seen on. [XvKv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) the pedestal of the staue (b) desert sand
(c) two trunkless legs (d) Shattered visage Ans. d
49. Ode to the west wind is by [cwiek Awaìi mnKvix cwiPvjK-2011]
(a) Keats (b) Shelley
(c) Coleridge (d) Wordsworth Ans. b
50. One of the following was a Romantic poet- [mgvR mev Awaì cixv- 2010]
(a) Tennyson (b) Arnold (c) Shelley (d) Browning Ans. c
51. A famous English poet who was professionally known as man
of medicine is-- [Z_ gYvjqi Aaxb evsjv`k Uwjwfkb Ges wevcb AaxKvwiK (MW-2)-2006]
(a) Shelley (b) Keats (c) Milton (d) Pope Ans. b
52. In Shelleys Ozymandias the words, My name is ozymandias,
king of kings are inscribed on [XvKv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2009-2010]
(a) the visage of the nature (b) the pedestal of the statue
(c) the hand of the staue (d) the sand of the antique land Ans. b
53. What lies half sunk in the sand in Shelleys Ozymandias?
(a) broken statue (b) two trunkless legs
(c) an ancient place (d) broken head of a statue Ans. d
54. In Ozymandias the poet says, I met a traveller anland.

(a) by, old (b) going, ancient
(c) from, antique (d) passing, antique Ans. c
55. fiZcx I mgxiYi Kwe (Poet of Skylark and Wind) bvg cwiwPZ K?
[cv_wgK we`vjq cavb wkK wbqvM cixv- 1993]
(a) Lord Byron (b) John Keats
(c) W. Wordsworth (d) P B Shelley Ans. d
56. Who is called the 'poet of beauty'? [cv_wgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK- 2003/kg I
Kgmsvb gYvjqi Aaxb mnKvix kg Awdmvi-2003/ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2012-13/
RvZxq fvv AwaKvi msiY Awaì wbqvM cixv- 2013]
(a) William Wordsworth (b) P.B. Shelley
(c) John Keats (d) Shakespeare Ans. c
57. 'Ode to Autumn' was written by--- [_vbv wkv KgKZv wbqvM cixv- 2011]
(a) Shelley (b) Keats (c) Byron (d) Blake Ans. b
58. In the poem Ozymandias who calls Ozymandias King of
Kings? [XvKv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2009-10]
(a) The Traveller (b) The speaker
(c) Other kings (d) Ozymandias himself Ans. d
59. Keats belong to - [evsjv`k miKvwi Kg Kwgkb mwPevjqi mnKvix cwiPvjK-2006]
(a) Eighteenth century (b) Nineteenth century
(c) Twentieth century (d) Seventeenth century Ans. b
60. Poet of sensuousness- [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi cwi`kK c` evQvB cixv- 2003/ `ybxwZ `gb
eyivi mnKvix Dc-cwi`kK c` wbqvM cixv- 2004]
(a) P. B. Shelley (b) William Wordsworth
(c) John Keats (b) Byron Ans. c
61. 'Ode on a Grecian Urn'-- Who is the poet of the poem?
[mnKvix AvenvIqvwe` c` wbqvM cixv- 2003]
(a) Wordsworth (b) Shelley
(c) Shakespeare (d) Keats Ans. d
62. The poet of 'Romantic Age' is--- [mnKvix cwiPvjK (cvmcvU Av BwgMkb0 c`
wbqvM cixv- 2000]
(a) George Orwell (b) D. H. Lawrence
(c) John Milton (d) John Keats Ans. d
63. John Keats is primarily a poet of-
[hye Dbqb Awaì mnKvix cwiPvjK wbqvM cixv- 1999]
(c) Love (d) Revolution Ans. a
64. Kvb BsiR Kwe hv ivM gZzeiY Kib?

[gv`Kè wbqY Awaìi mnKvix cwiPvjK wbqvM cixv- 1999]
(a) P. B Shelley (b) Robert Burns
(c) S. T. Coleridge (d) John Keats Ans. d
65. Who wrote 'Ode to a Nightingale?'[gvawgK we`vjq cavb wkK wbqvM- 1997]
(a) Pope (b) Shelley
(c) Wordsworth (d) Keats And. d
66 gZz nQ wbQK 'A Short Sleep' Gi DwwU Kvi? [hye Dbqb Awaì mn cwiPvjK- 1994]
(K) evqib (L) wKUm&
(M) gvBKj gaym~`b ` (N) myBUgvb Di: L
67. John Keats Kvb kwYi Kwe?
(a) Romantic (b) Classical
(c) Modern (d) Ancient Ans. a
68. John Keats is known as a romantic poet. So is (choose one name)
(a) T. S. Eliot (b) Lord Tennyson
(c) Lord Byron (d) G. M. Hopkins Ans. c
69. Who is the author of 'Heaven and Earth'? [iv. we. fwZ cixv- 2009-10]
(a) Lord Tennyson (b) William Wordsworth
(c) Lord Byron (d) John Keats Ans. c
70. Who is sometimes called 'Rebel Poet?'
(a) S. T. Coleridge (b) William Wordsworth
(c) John Keats (b) Lord Byron Ans. d
71. Who wrote the poem 'Don Juan'? [mvbvjx evsK wmwbqi Awdmvi-2014]
(a) William Wordsworth (b) William Blake
(c) Lord Byron (d) John Keats Ans. c
72. Who is the author of 'Pride and Prejudice'? / Pride and Prejudice' is
written by-- [DcRjv wbevPb Awdmvi wbqvM cixv- 2008/ evsjv`k evsK Kvk Awdmvi-2011]
(a) Emily Bronte (b) Charlotte Bronte
(c) Jane Austen (d) Charles Dickens Ans. c
73. Which is not a play? [mq cwiìi mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2009]
(a) The tempest (b) Othello
(c) King Lear (d) Pride and Prejudice Ans. d
74. Jane Austen is the writer of-- [îv gYvjqi Aaxb ewnivMgb I cvmcvU
Awaìi mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2011]
(a) Jane Eyre (b) Ramona (c) Emma (d) Rebecca Ans. c
75. 'Essays of Elia' was written by--- [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 1995]
(a) William Hazlitt (b) Emily Dickinson
(c) Charles Lamb (d) Emily Brontee Ans.c
76. Charles Lamb was--- [eb I cwiek gYvjq mnKvix cwiPvjK wbevPbx cixv-1995]
(a) an essayist (b) a novelist
(c) an epic poet (d) a dramatist Ans. a
77. 'If winter comes, can spring be far behind?' These lines were
written by__ [28Zg wewmGm / Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2009-10]
(a) Keats (b) Frost (c) Eliot (d) Shelley Ans. d
78. Who wrote 'Beauty is truth, truth beauty'? [15Zg wewmGm / gvawgK mnKvix
wkK- 2006/ miKvix gvawgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK cixv- 2011]
(a) Shakespeare (b) Wordsworth (c) Keats (d) Eliot Ans. c
79. 'Our Sweetest songs are those that tell of a sadest thoughts is a
quotation from Shelley's [kg I Kgmsvb gYvjqi Aaxb gwWKvj Awdmvi- 2003/ DcRjv
mgvRmev Awdmvi-2008/cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjqi mnKvix cwiPvjK 2012]
(a) Ode to a skylark (b) The cloud
(c) Ode to the west Wind (d) Adonais Ans. a
80. They__ in never-ending-- [XvKv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2009-2010]
(a) Started, show (b) shone, laughter
(c) grow, row (d) stretched, line Ans. d
81. 'The Trumpet of prophecy! O wind. If winter comes, can
spring be far behind?' Who is the poet of these lines? [AvBb wePvi I
msm` welqK gYvjqi mve-iwRvi-2012]
(c) John Keats (d) Robert Browing Ans. a
82. 'A thing of beauty is a joy forever' was stated by--- [RvZxq msm`
mwPevjq mnKvix MelYv Awdmvi-2006/ AvBb wePvi I msm` welqK gYvjqi mve-iwRvi- 2012]
(a) John Keats (b) William Shakespeare
(c) Bacon (d) Milton Ans. a
83. 'Nature never did betray the heart that loved her' is a
quotation. [PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-2012]
(a) Wordsworth (b) B. J. Baryon
(c) P. B. Shelly (d) J. Keats Ans. a
84. If Winter comes, can spring be far behind? is a line from---.
[kg cwiìi RbmsLv I cwievi Kjvb KgKZv- 2009]
(a) Shelley's Ode to West Wind
(b) Coleridge's Rime of the Ancient Mariner
(c) Byron's Don Juan
(d) Keats Ode to Autumn Ans. a
85. If Winter comes, can --- be far behind? [mq cwiìi mnKvix cwiPvjK-2009]
(a) Autumn (b) Spring (c) Summer (d) Rain Ans b
86. 'Ten thousand saw I at a glance' Who said this? [DcRjv mgvRmev Awdmvi-2007]
(a) Shakespearen (b) Coleridge (c) Keats (d) Wordsworth Ans. d
87. 'The music in my heart I bore/ Long after it was heard no

more.' These lines are from the poem--- [AvBb wePvi I msm` welqK gYvjqi
mve-iwRvi- 2012]
(a) The Solitary Reaper by Wordsworth
(b) Ode to a Nightingale by John Keats
(c) To a lady with a guitar by P. B. Shelley
(d) Elegy written in a country churchyard by Thomas Gray Ans. A
88. Identify the Poet of the verse: 'Our sweetest songs are those that
tell of saddest thought.' [kg I Kgmsvb gYvjqi Aaxb gwWKvj Awdmvi- 2003]
(a) John Keats (b) P. B. Shelley
(c) Lord Byron (d) William Wordsworth Ans. b
89. 'Ten thousand saw I at a glance
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.'
What is the poet William Wordsworth referring to? [kg I Kgmsvb
gYvjqi Aaxb gwWKvj Awdmvi- 2003]
(a) birds (b) daffodils
(c) leaves (d) bees Ans. b
90. Which ode begins with the lines?
'My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains.
My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk.'
[kg I Kgmsvb gYvjqi Aaxb gwWKvj Awdmvi- 2003]
(a) Ode of the Spring (b) Ode to Duty
(c) Ode to a Nightingale (d) Ode to the West Wind Ans. c
91. Who has written?
'He prayeth best, who loveth best
All things great and small.' [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi mnKvix Dc-cwi`kK c` cixv- 2004]
(a) John Keats (b) Lord Byron
(c) P. B Shelley (d) Coleridge Ans. d
92. 'Poet are unacknowledged legislators of the world'-- Who told it?
[eb Dbqb Awaì mnKvix cwiPvjK- 1994/ _vbv wkv Awdmvi -1996]
(a) Browing (b) Shelley
(c) Tennyson (d) Byron Ans. b
93. Who is known as 'the poet of nature in English literature'?
[cavbgxi Kvhvjq I gwcwil` Kvhvjq ckvmwbK KgKZv-2004 / DcRjv mgvRmev Awdmvi- 2008]
94. Who was a 'poet laureate?
(a) William Wordsworth (b) Robert Browning
(c) T. S Eliot (d) John Keats Ans. a
95. Who of the following was both a poet and painter? /wbvì
ga K GKvavi Kwe Ges wPwkx wQjb? [15Zg wewmGm/ mnKvix cwimsLvb KgKZv- 1998]
(a) Keats (b) Donne (c) Blake (d) Spenser Ans. c
96. Who is called the 'poet of beauty'? [cv_wgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK- 2003]
(a) William Wordsworth (b) P. B. Shelley
(c) John Keats (d) Shakespeare Ans. c
97. Poet of sensuousness-- [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi cwi`kK c` evQvB cixv- 2004]
(c) John Keats (d) Byron Ans. c
98. John Keats is primarily a poet of [hye Dbqb Awaì mnKvix cwiPvjK wbqvM c.- 1999]
(c) Love (d) Revolution Ans. a
99. The central idea of I wandered lonely as a cloud is that:
[RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) nature excites human imagination
(b) nature is harmful for human being
(c) nature is beautiful (d) we can find solace in nature Ans. d
100. Ten thousand saw I at a glance is an example of- [Rvnv. wek. f.c.-11-12]
(a) hyperbole (b) symbol
(c) metaphor (d) apostrophe Ans. a
101. The waves beside them danced (from I wandered lonely as a
cloud) is an example of: [RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) simile (b) metaphor
(c) metonymy (d) personification Ans. d
102. The speaker of I wandered lonely as a cloud saw: [RvnvxibMi
wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) wet daffodils (b) yellow daffodils
(c) fair daffodils (d) golden daffodils Ans. d
103. William Hazlitt K wQjb? [mnKvix _vbv cwievi cwiKbv Awdmvi- 1998]
(a) Novelist (b) Essayist (c) Dramatist (d) Poet Ans. b
104. Who wrote "Biographia Literaria"? [37Zg wewmGm]
(a) Lord Byron (b) P.B. Shelley
(c) S.T. Coleridge (d) Charles Lamb Ans. c
105. P.B. Shelley's 'Adonais' is an elegy on the death of - [37Zg wewmGm]
(a) John Milton (b) S.T. Coleridge
(c) John Keats (d) Lord Byron Ans. c
106. What figure of speech do you find in "budding beauty"?
(a) Assonance (b) Alliteration
(c) Simile (d) Metaphor Ans. b
107. Which of the following chronologycally in order

(a) Chaucer, Spenser, Shelley, Swinburae
(b) Shakespeare, Chaucer, Eliot, Donne
(c) Hughes, Eliot, Yeats, Auden
(d) Hopkins, Browings, Wordsworth, Marvell Ans. a
108. Romantic poets are so called because __
(a) they are connected more with heart than with head
(b) they have written romances
(c) they are specially romantic about women
(d) they are not Victorians Ans. a
109. In the poem "Ozymandias", The phrase "king of kings" is an
example of-
(a) exaggeration (b) irony
(c) sarcasm (d) humour Ans. b
110. The comparison of unlike things using the words like or as
known to be - [37Zg wewmGm]
(a) metaphor (b) simile
(c) alliteration (d) personification Ans. b
111. Whose dying words were, 'Crito, I owe a cock to Asceleping;
will you remember to the debt.
(a) Aristotle (b) Tules
(c) Socretes (d) Aristotle Onassis Ans. c
112. The 'merit' in the sentence 'The boy showed his merit by
making twenty mistakes in ten minutes' is an example of -
(a) personification (b) metaphor
(c) pun (d) irony Ans. d
113. The sentence, "Death, thou shalt not die'' is an example of__.
(c) irony (d) parsonification Ans. d
114. Which of the following is a story in verse? [C.U. (B1) 11-12]
(a) elegy (b) ballad
(c) ode (d) sonnet Ans. b
115. Prosody signifies the systematic study of __? [K.U. (SS) 04-05]
(a) Drama (b) Short story
(c) Novel (d) Versification Ans. d
A meaningful silence is better than thousands of

meaningless words.
6. The Victorian Period

Duration: 1832-1901
6. The Victorian Period

Duration: 1832-1901
During the reign of Queen Victoria; Ze ivbx wfvwiqv 1837 mvj
wmsnvmb AvivnY Kib| GwU wewUk jvKì Rb mePq `xN-myL-kvw-mggq hyM|
1857 mvji wmcvnx we`vni ci ivbx wfvwiqv 1858 mvj B Bwqv Kvvwbi
KvQ _K fviZxq Dcgnv`ki kvmbfvi wbR nvZ MnY Kib|
1860 mvj fviZ bxj we`vni Aemvb NU|
GB hyMi ewk njv- Symbolism, Medievalism, Sensuousness etc.
Concept of communism (mvgevì aviYv) GB hyMK cfvweZ Ki|
GB hyM Charles Darwin Gi weLvZ Theory of Evolution
(weeZbev` Z) cPvwiZ nq| hv wQj agxq PZbvi mv_ mvsNwlK|
In 1833, slaves were declared free (`vmìK gy NvlYv Kiv nq).
In 1833, Fabian society was formed (RR evbvW k Gi AbZg m`m wQjb)
Bahadur Shah II, (18371857) the last Mughal emperor was
deposed in 1858 by the British East India company and exiled to
Burma following the War of 1857 after the fall of Delhi to the
company troops. His death marks the end of the Mughal dynasty.
1853 mvj jW Wvjnwm Dcgnv`k ij hvMvhvM Pvjy Kib Ges 1856 mvj
(CkiP` we`vmvMii cPvq) weaev weevn AvBb cvm Kivb|
1857 mvj jW Kvwbs Dcgnv`k c_g KvMRi gy`v Ges 1861 mvj cywjk
mvwfm Pvjy Kib|
1839-1842 ch Pxb I weUbi gvS First Opium War msMwVZ nq| G hy Pxb
civwRZ nq Ges hyivRi KvQ nsKs xcwU wjR w`Z eva nq|
1886 mvj dv hyivK vPz Ae wjevwU Dcnvi `q, hv 1924 mvj hyiv
miKvi RvZxq ma wnme NvlYv Ki|
wfvwiqv m (Victoria Cross) eUbi mevP mvgwiK LZve| KgbIqj_fy
`kmg~ni ga G c`K c`vb Kiv nq|
wewUk ivRcwievii evmfeb njv jbievwKsnvg
cvjm, ivbx wfvwiqv G cvmvì c_g ivbx wnme
emevm KiwQjb|
G hyMi 3 Rb cavb Kwe njb-
i. Alfred Tennyson
ivbx wfvwiqv
ii. Robert Browning
iii. Matthew Arnold
Major poets and authors of the Victorian Period
1. Lord Alfred Tennyson: (Uwbmb, 1809-1892)

Wordsworth Gi gZzi ci 1850 mvj wZwb England Gi Poet laureate
wbevwPZ nb| (Poet Laureate gvb mfvKwe/ court poet of England)
He was a representative/ Lyric poet of the Victorian age.
wZwb Cambridge University Z covbv Kib|
wZwb William Shakespeare K Dazzling Sun Dcvwa w`qQb|
Famous elegy (kvKMxwZ):
In Memoriam
(GwU Kwei ez Arthur Henny Hallam
Gi gZz wbq jLv)
Famous comedies:
1. The Falcon
2. Queen Marry
(Ze Queen Mab njv Shellyi GKwU weLvZ KweZv)
3. Harold
Famous Poems of Tennyson:
a) Oenone (Bbvbx: daughter of River-God)
b) Ulysses (BDwjwmm, MxK exi)
(GB bvg James Joyce Gi weLvZ Novel AvQ)
c) Lotus Eaters (c LuKv)
d) The Lady of Shalott
(Ze The Lady of the Lake bvg weLvZ KweZvwU wjLQb
wbD KvwmKvj wcwiIWi JcbvwmK Sir Walter Scott)
e) Locksley Hall (Gi bvwqKv: Gwg)
f) Tears Idle Tears
g) Tithonus (wU_vbvm; gZi gvbyl wK weq KiwQjb Elv èx Aurora K)
i) The Two Voices
j) Vision of Sin
k) The Charge of the Light Brigade
l) The Lover's Tale
h) Morte D Arthur
(GB KweZvwU civwYK ivRv gwU wW Av_viK wbq jLv; GZ civwYK
Excaliber Zievwii K_v ejv nqQgb ivLyb: Morte D Arthur bvg
GKwU weLvZ prose wjLQb Middle English Period Gi Kwe Sir
Thomas Malory|)
Famous quotes of Tennyson:

i) Sorrows are the best educator.
ii) A man can see farther through a tear than a telescope.
iv) The old order changeth yielding place to new. (Morte D Arthur)
[fvev_: GmQ bZzb wk, ZvK Qo w`Z ne vb]
iv) I will never rest from travels
I will drink life to the lees. (Ulysses)
v) Authority forgets a dying king. (Morte D Arthur)
vi) More things are wrought out by prayers. (Morte D Arthur)
vii) Death is the end of life, Ah! why should life all labour be.
(Lotus Eaters)
viii) Knowledge comes but wisdom lingers. (Locksley Hall)
ix) It is better to have loved and lost
Than never to have loved at all. (In Memorium)
x) Who are wise in love, love most, say least.
2. Robert Browning: (1812-1889)

He was a famous poet, playwright and psycho-analyst of the
Victorian period.
Zvi x wQjb weLvZ Kwe GwjRve_ eviU|
wZwb ejQb, Italy was my university.
wZwb Kwe P B Shelley Gi great admirer (wekl AbyivMx) wQjb
He was a famous poet of Dramatic Monologue (bvUKxq ^MZvw/

ev bvUKxq GKK fvlYi KweZv).
h KweZvq GKRb Speaker Ges GK ev GKvwaK kvZv _vK, Ze kvZv
Kvbv K_v ej bv) ZvK Dramatic Monologue ej|
evsjv mvwnZ k Dramatic Monologue njv cjxKwe Rmxg D`&`xbi
Kei KweZv|
Books of poems:
Men and Women (Awgvi Q`)
Dramatic Lyrics
The Ring of the Book
Famous poems:
1. My Last Duchess (weMZ cZx) Robert Browning
2. Andrea Del Sarto (wkx Gwqv)
3. Porphyrias Lover (cvidvBwiqvi cwgK)
4. A Grammarians Funeral (evKiYweì Awwqv)
5. Home Thoughts from Abroad (A political peom)
6. Rabbi Ben Ezra (GKRb Bw` cwZ; Bw`ì aghvRKK ivevB ejv nq)
7. Fra Lippo Lippi (wjy wjw)
8. The Pied Piper of Hamelin (wkZvl KweZv)
9. The Patriot (Ze Patriotism KweZvwU wjLQb Sir Walter Scott)
10. The Ring and the Book (an epic poem)
Famous Quotes of Robert Browning:

i. Ignorance is not innocence but sin (The Inn Album)
ii. So absolutely good is truth
Truth never hurts the taller.
iii. Oppression makes the wise man mad.
iv. God is in the Heaven
All is right with the world.
3. Matthew Arnold: (gv_y Avb, 1822-1888)

Title- Melancholic / Elegiac poet
(evsjv mvwnZ `ytLev`x Kwe- hZx`bv_ mb)
wZwb Oxford wekwe`vjq 5 eQi Professor of Poetry wnme wbhy wQjb|
He was also a critic and essayist.
Famous books:
a) The Study of Poetry
(GwU mvwnZ mgvjvPbv M)
b) Literature and Dogma
c) Culture and Anarchy (KveM)
d) Essays in Criticism
Matthew Arnold
Famous elegies:
i) Thyrsis (_vBwmm; Kwei ez Arthur Clough Gi gZz wbq jLv)
ii) Rugby Chapel (Kwei evevi gZz wbq jLv)
iii) Heines Grave (Kwei fvB Heinei gZz wbq jLv)
Famous poems:
i) Dover Beach (Wvfvi mKZ; Wvfvi cYvjx Bsjv I dvK c_K KiQ)
ii) The Scholar Gypsy (hvhvei cwZ)
iii) Sohrab and Rustom
iv) Cromwell
Famous quotes:
Truth sits upon the lips of dying men.
Poetry is the criticism of life.
The sea of Faith
Was once, too, at the full. (Dover Beach)
4. Charles Dickens:
Pvjm wWK (1812-1870)
The greatest novelist in the Victorian Period
(ivbx wfvwiqvi hyM k JcbvwmK)
c_g M: Sketches By Boz
Famous novels: Pvjm wWK
i) David Copperfield (AvZRxebxg~jK Dcbvm; GwZg wk WwfW
Kcviwdi eo nq DVv Ges mr evevi wbgg wbhvZbi Kvwnbx)
ii) Oliver Twist (GKwU evjKi `yweln Rxeb Kvwnbx)
iii) Great Expectations (K`xq Pwi- Pip, Estella, Miss Havisham;
wcc bvg GK BsiR evjKi eo nq IVvi M)
iv) A Tale of Two Cities (`yB kni- jb I cvwim; divwm wecei
cwZ jLv; wK A Tale of a Tub wjLQb Jonathon Swift)
v) A Christmas Carol
vi) The Bleak House
vii) The Old Curiosity Shop
viii) The Pickwick Papers
ix) Hard Times
(ZrKvjxb Bsjvi mvgvwRK A_bwZK AwiZvi weeiY)
x) Our Mutual Friend
xi) The Mystery of Edwin Drood (GwU Amgv Dcbvm)
xii) Little Dorrit
xiii) The Battle of Life
(Ze The Battle of the Books bvg DcbvmwU wjLQb Rvbv_b myBdU)
Famous quote:
Charity begins at home and justice begins next door.
5. Maxim Gorky: (AvjB gvwgvwfP ckKf, ik mvwnwZK)

He is the Father of socialist realism (mgvRZvwK eev`)
mvwnwZK Qbvgt MvwK (A_- ZZv)
Novels: 1. Mother (ik fvlvq wjwLZ GB DcbvmwU 1906 mvj cKvwkZ nIqvi
cieZx 100 eQi mvivweki cvq me fvlvq Ab~w`Z nqQ| DcbvmwU wecex kwgK
Av`vjbi cUf~wgZ iwPZ Ges cavb `ywU Pwi njv cvfj I Zvui gv)
2. My Childhood
6. William Makepeace Thackary: (1811-1863)

Indian born British novelist
Rb : wewUk fviZi KjKvZvq 1811 mvj
wZwb Zvuui jLvq ZrKvjxb wqy Mvg mgvRi
_Kvwi
w`K ewk AvjvKcvZ KiwQjb|
Famous novels:
1. Vanity Fair
G novel Gi Hero bB
Vanity Fair novel viv wZwb England K Satire KiQb
Gi Theme njv: Mans sinful attachments to worldly things.
2. The Virginians: A Tale of the Last Century (1857-59; GwU Zvi
historical novel)
3. Catherine: A Story (GwU Zvi c_g Dcbvm)
4. The Newcomes (first published in 1855)
7. Edward Fitzgerald: (wdRvij&W)

He translated Rubaiyat of Omar Khayam into English. (dvwm
fvlvi Kwe Igi Lqvgi ivevBqvZ)
8. John Stuart Mill: (Rb zqvU wgj)
wZwb ew ^vZevì g~j cev
Books: 1. On Liberty
2. Utilitarianism (DchvMev`)
3. A System of Logic
9. Thomas Hardy: (1840-1928)
Title: Pessimistic Novelist (nZvkvev`x)
wZwb Victorian hyM Dcbvm Ges Modern
Period-G Poems Ges Short stories wjLQb|
wZwb IqvWm&Iqv_ I Pvjm wWK `viv cfvweZ wQjb|
Zvi msKwjZ KveMi bvg t Wessex Poems
Zvi weLvZ KweZv t At an Inn (mivBLvbvq)
Famous novels:
(i) Tess of the d'Urbervilles:
A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented (1891)
(Wvieviwej eski wP gq Umi UvRwW;
Characters-Tess, Alec, Angel)
(ii) Far From the Madding Crowd
(iii) The Return of the Native (1886)
(iv) The Poor Man and the Lady
(v) The Mayor of Casterbridge
(vi) Jude the Obscure
(Hardy exposed his deepest feelings in this bleak, angry novel
and, stung by the hostile response, he never wrote another.)
(vii) The Trumpet Major
(GwU nvwWi GKgv HwZnvwmK Dcbvm; UvdvjMvi hyi cvcU jLv)
(viii) A Pair of Blue Eyes
(GB Dcbvm Aej^b kirP` Zvi weLvZ Mn`vn DcbvmwU iPbv Kib|)
(ix) Under the Greenwood Tree,
(Ze GB wkivbvg Shakespere Gi As You Like It bvUK GKwU Song iqQ)
Famous quote: The greater the sinner, the greater the saint.
(hZ eo cvcx, ZZ eo mvay)
10. Christina Rossetti: (wwbv imwU)
Poems: 1. A Daughter of Eve
2. My Dream
3. Bride Song
4. Dream Land
11. Dante Gabriella Rossetti:
Poems: 1. Heart Compass
2. Love and Hope
3. Supreme Surrender
4. Nuptial Sleep
5. Redemption D.G. Rosettei
12. R.L. Stevenson: (ievU jyBm wfbmb)

He was a Scottish writer. (Ujvxq mvwnwZK)
English Travelogue (gY Kvwnbx) Gi Rb weLvZ jLK|
wZwb weki 28 Rb mevwaK Ab~w`Z jLKì GKRb|
Famous novels:
1. The Treasure Island
2. Kidnapped
(It is a thrilling adventure story, gripping history and fascinating study of the
Scottish character, Kidnapped has lost none of its power.)
3. The New Arabian Nights
4. Black Arrows
13. Sir Richard Francis Burton: (wiPvW evUb)

wZwb 1883 mvj cvPxb fviZxq cwZ gvjbvM evrmvqb
iwPZ Kvgm~ (Kama Soutra) Mi BsiwR Abyev`
Kib|
Famous Novel:
Arabian Nights (Avwjd jvqjv)
It is an Arab folk story of Banjamin
One Thousand and One Nights is a collection of Middle Eastern
and South Asian stories and folk tales compiled in Arabic
during the Islamic Golden Age.
14. Benjamin Franklin: (evwgb dvwjb)

wZwb GKRb wevbx, `vkwbK Ges USA'i AbZg RbK
Quotes:
1. Early to bed and early to rise makes
a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
2. Honesty is the best policy.
3. Admiration is the daughter of ignorance.
4. A penny saved is a penny earned. (hUyKy evuPvZ cvij mUyKy Zvgvi Avq)
5. Eat to please thyself, but dress to please others
(Avnvi Kiv wbRi cQ`, wK cvkvK civ Abi cQ`)
6. Eat to live, not live to eat (evuPvi Rb LvI; LvIqvi Rb euPvbv)
15. Charlotte Bronte: (kvjvU ebwU)

wZwb ebwU cwievii eo Kbv
Zvi Rxebx M: The Life of Charlotte
Bronte wjLQb- Mrs. Gaskell
Novels:
Jane Eyre (RBb Avqvi)
(Agi cgi GB AvZRxebxg~jK DcbvmwU wZwb Cerrer Bell Qbvg cKvk Kib)
Shirley
The Professor (GwU Zvi c_g Dcbvm)
16. Emily Bronte:
wZwb ebwU cwievi 2q Kbv
Her only novel:
Wuthering Heights (A`vwis)
> GwU GKwU cwZkvacivqY `yB cwZekxi M
> GwU wZwb Ellis Bell Qbvg (Pen-name) cKvk Kib|
Famous poems of Emily: gb ivLyb: Bronte Sisters ejZ wZb
1. A Death Scene evbK eySvq, hviv weLvZ mvwnwZK wQjb:
2. Day Dream 1. Emily Bronte 2. Charlotte Bronte
3. A Little While 3. Ammey Bronte
17. Leo Tolstoy: (wjD Ujq; 1828-1910)
He was a Russian novelist and playwright and political thinker.
Ujq kl eqm GKvwK _vKZ PqwQjb| RyZv evbvbv _K wbRi me KvR wbRB
KiZb| KvDK bv Rvwbq evwo _K cvwjq wMqwQjb| cw_ga Vvv jM Zvi
wbDgvwbqv nq| GZB wZwb gviv Mjb evwo _K `~i GK ij kb 20 bfî 1910
mvj| QvUM, eoM, Dcbvm, bvUK, wkmvwnZ, ce, Wvqwi, wPwVc me wgwjq
Ujqi iPbvmgM cvq 90 L wef| `y:LRbK njI mwZ h GB gnvb mvwnwZK bvej
cyivi jvf Kib wb|
Famous plays:
1. The Power of Darkness (AKvii kw)
2. The Fruits of Enlightment
Famous novels:
1. War and Peace (Iqvi G wcm Dcbvmi cvcU nQ bcvwjqb evbvcvUi ik
Awfhvb| hyi fqvenZv Ges kvwi Rb gvbyli msMvgB GB Dcbvmi g~j ee)
2. Anna Karenina (bvwqKv: Avbv; Theme: Adultery/ ciKxqv cgi cwiYwZ)
3. Childhood (c_g cKvwkZ Dcbvm)
4. Resurrection (cybiyvb, mekl Dcbvm; 1899)
5. The Kingdom of Good is Within You
18. George Eliot: (RR GwjqU)

Real name: Mary Ann Evans
(wfvwiqvb hyMi G weLvZ gwnjv JcbvwmK cyili Qbvg jLvjwL KiQb|
She used a male pen name to ensure her works would be taken
seriously; to protect her private life from public inquiry and to
prevent scandals attending her relationship with the married
George Henry Lewes, with whom she lived for over 20 years)
Famous novels:
1. Silas Marner (mvBjvm& gvibvi)
2. Adam Bede
3. The Mill on the Floss
4. Middle March
5. Romola
RR GwjqU
Dramatic poem: The Spanish Gypsy
Quote: No man can be wise on an empty stomach.
gb ivLyb:
Matthew Arnold wjLQb: The Scholar-Gypsy (poem)
George Eliot wjLQb: The Spanish Gypsy (poem)
Rulph Hodgson wjLQb: Time, You Old Gypsy Man
19. Elizabeth Barret Browning:

A famous female poet
wZwb Kwe Robert Browning Gi x wQjb|
Poems:
How do I Love Thee (Sonnet- 43)
Grief (`ytL)
Lost Mistrees
Consolation
Sonnets from Portuguese
Famous quote:
How do I love thee (you)? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height.
20. Charles Robert Darwin: (WviDBb, 1809-1882)
An English naturalist (Rxewevbx)
wZwbB c_g cZ cheYi gvag weeZbevì aviYv `b| Zuvi gZ mKj cRvwZB
wKQy mvaviY c~ecyiyl _K D~Z nqQ| GwUK wZwb cvKwZK wbevPb (Natural
Selection) wnme AwfwnZ Kib|
He is the Father of theory of the Evolution (weeZbevì RbK)
Famous books:
i) The Origin of Species
ii) The Origin of Life and Earth
iii) The Decent of Man
Famous quote:
Tomarrow as yesterday only the fittest will survive in
the struggle for existence. (AZxZi bvq fwelZI AwZi
jovBq hvMZgivB wUK _vKe)
* gb ivLyb: Sir James Jeans wjLQb-
The Origin of Life on Earth (prose)
21. John Henry Cardinal Newman:

He was a leader of the Oxford Movement.
Famous books:
1. Loss and Gain (GwU Dcbvm)
2. The Idea of University
* gb ivLyb: Idea and Justice Ges Poverty and Famine bvg `ywU
weLvZ M wjLQb: bvejRqx A_bxwZwe` AgZ mb (prose)
22. Gladstone:
Dcvwa: Grand Old Man of Britain
(Ze fviZxq ivRbxwZK `v`vfvB bIivwRK
Grand Old Man of India ejv nq)
Famous quote of Gladstone:

Justice delayed, Justice denied
Justice hurried, Justice buried.
23. Alexandre Dumas: (divwm: Avjvu` `ygv)

divwm bvUKvi I JcbvwmK
BwZnvm AvwkZ AvWfvi Dcbvm jLK wnme weLvZ
me wgwjq Zvui cKvwkZ jLv 1 jvL cvZv
Novels:
1. Three Musketeers (w_ gvwUqvm / wZb mvnmx ix a historical adventure
novel which narrates the adventures of a young man named d'Artagnan who
leaves home to travel to Paris, to join the Musketeers of the Guard.)
2. Twenty Years After
3. Black Tulip (evK wUDwjc)
4. The New Troy
24. Karl Marx: (Kvj gv)
Rb: 5 g 1818; Rvgvwbi cwkqvq, Bw` cwievi|
born in Germany but settled in England.
He is the father of socialism and
modern scientific communism.
A_vr wZwb AvaywbK evwbK MYmvgevì RbK|
He was a famous German philosopher and
Kvj gv
pioneer of Marxism.
wZwb w_Dwi Ae mvicvm fvjy Ges w_Dwi Ae Gcvikb Zi cev|
1883 mvj wZwb Bsjv gZzeiY Kib|
Famous books:
1. Das Capital
2. Communist Manifesto
3. The Holy Family (cwe cwievi)
Famous quotes: MwU mgvRZi evBej bvg cwiwPZ
1. Religion is opium to the people.
2. AvR ch hZ mgvR `Lv MQ Zvì cZKi BwZnvm kwY msMvgi BwZnvm|
3. Men make their own history.
evsjv mvwnZ gvKmev`x Kwe wez `; gvKmev`x JcbvwmK gvwbK e`vcvavq|
25. Mark Twain: (gvK Uvqb,1835 1910)

Real name: Samuel Langhorne Clemens (pen name Mark Twain)
was an American writer, entrepreneur, publisher and lecturer.
Books: a) The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)
b) Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885)
26. H. Christian Unlerson:
A Danish author
He is the father of English fairy tales.
His most famous fairy tales:
"The Emperor's New Clothes"
"The Little Mermaid"
"The Nightingale"
"The Snow Queen"
"The Ugly Duckling"
27. Elizabeth Gaskell:
Books:
1. North and South
2. Wives and Daughters
3. Mary Barton
28. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle:
British author and physician
Books:
1. Sherlock Holmes
(kvjK nvgm: Mvq`v Kvwnbx/ detective story)
2. A Study in Secret
3. The Sign of Four (1890; Sherlock Holmess second visit)
4. The Hound of the Baskervilles
29. A. S. Hornby:
He is famous for dictionary writing.
30. Kiran Desai:
Novel: The Inheritance of Loss
(jvKmvbi DivwaKvi)
31. Samuel Butler: (1832-1902)

Famous work: The Way of All Flesh
- a semi autobiographical novel
(Ze Restoration hyMi William Congreve
wjLQb- The Way of the World)
Famous quote:
Self preservation is the first law of nature.
(A_vr, AvZivB cKwZi c_g AvBb)
32. Oscar Wilde: (1856-1900)

He was an Irish born novelist and dramatist.
Famous Books and plays:
(i) A Woman of No Importance
(ii) An Ideal Husband
(iii) The Selfish Giant
(iv) Lady Windermers Fan (1890)
(v) The Picture of Dorian Gray
It is Wildes brilliantly allusive moral tale of youth, beauty and
corruption, greeted with howls of protest on publication.
(vi) The Importance of Being Earnest (play)

(cavb Pwi Avb| mv`vwma I evKvmvKv UvBci)
33. cvwiPuv` wg: (1814-1883)

Zvi Dcvwa "Defence of Bengal"
Zvi iwPZ evsjv mvwnZi c_g Dcbvm
Avjvji Nii `yjvj Gi BsiwR Abyevì bvg:
"The Spoilt Child: A Tale of Hindu Domestic Life"
(Abyev`K: George Devereux Oswell)
34. Edgar Allan Poe: (GWMvi Avjvb cv, 1809 - 1849)

gvwKb Kwe, mv`K, QvU MKvi Ges hyiv ivgv Av`vjbi AbZg bZv|
Father of English Short-story (QvUM)
and Modern Detective Story
(Ze evsjv mvwnZ QvUMi RbK iex`bv_|
c_g mv_K QvUM `bv cvIbv;
c_g cKvwkZ QvUM wfLvwibx; mekl jveiUwi)
Edgar Allan Poes only novel: GWMvi Avjvb cv
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket

(a classic adventure story with supernatural)
Famous poem:
To Helen
GB KweZvi cfve coQ Rxebvb` `vmi ebjZv mb KweZvq
Famous short stories of Edgar Allan Poe:
(i) The Black Cat
(Ze Cat and Mouse DcbvmwU wjLQb Rvgvb Kwe Uvi Mvm)
(ii) The Oval Portrait
(iii) The Tell Tale Heart
(iv) The Gold Bug
(v) The Light House (Ze To The Light House DcbvmwU wjLQb AvaywbK
hyMi kwkvjx gwnjv Kwe fvwRwbqv Dj&d)
35. CkiP` we`vmvMi: (1820-1891)
wZwb evsjv Mì RbK
jW Wvjnwmi kvmbvgj 1856 mvji 26 RyjvB
Zvi cPvq weaev weevn AvBb cvm nq|
P^vm iwPZ Rudiments of Knowledge Aej^b evav`q (1851) Ges
cvPxb MKvi Ckci Fables Aej^b K_vgvjv (1856) iPbv Kib|
1869 mvj wZwb kwcqii Comedy of Errors Gi evsjv Abyev` Kib
vwwejvm bvg|
36. ewgP` Pvcvavq: (1838-1898)

evsjv Dcbvmi RbK|
Rajmohans Wife-
(GwU BsiwR fvlvq iwPZ jLKi c_g Dcbvm)
BsiwR Romantic hyMi mvwnwZK Thomas De Quincy Gi
Confession of an English Opium Eater iPbvi AbyKiY ewgP`
Zvi KgjvKvi ì iPbv Kib|
ewgPì Avb`gV Dcbvmi BsiwR Abyev` KiQb bikP` mb-
The Abbey of Bliss bvg|
37. Napoleon: (bcvwjqb evbvcvU; 1769-1821)
Title: divwm wecei wk
Dcbvg: wjUj Kcvivj
wZwb mviv weki meKvji AbZg miv mbvcwZ
wZwb BZvwji KwmKv xc RbMnY Kib|
1804-1815 mvj ch wZwb dvi mvU wQjb|
1821 mvj mU njbv xc wbevwmZ Aevq wZwb gZzeiY Kib|

eski ivRv mgy` K cvPxb fviZi bcvwjqb ejv nq|
Famous quotes:
(i) Give me a good mother; I will give you a good nation.
(ii) The career is open to the talents.
(iii) England is a nation of shop keepers. (BsiRiv `vKvb`vii RvwZ)
(iv) Impossible is a word to be found only in the dictionary of the fools.
1815 mvj IqvUvi jyi hy bcvwjqb weUbi

KvQ civwRZ nq AvUjvwUKi GB mU njbv xc wbevwmZ nb|
38. Abraham Lincoln: (Avevnvg wjsKb, 1861-1865)

AvgwiKvi 16Zg cwmWU
wZwb mr cwZekx bxwZ Zi cev
15 Gwcj 1865 mvj wZwb DBj ey_ bvgK GK
AvZZvqxi wjZ wbnZ nb|
1863 mvj wZwb gvwKb hyivi `vmc_vi Aemvb
NUvb Ges Emancipation Proclamation (gywi
NvlYv) Gi gvag `vmì gy Ki `b|
weLvZ Dw:
(a) Democracy is the government of the people, by the
people, for the people.
(1863 mvji 21 bfî Zvi 2 wgwbUi vqx 272 ki weLvZ Gettysburg
Address G wZwb G K_v ejb| DjL, eezi HwZnvwmK 7 gvPi fvlYK
MwUmevM fvlYi mv_ Zzjbv Kiv nq)
(b) With malice towards none, with charity for all.
(fvev_: Kviv mv_ ewiZv bq, mevi mv_ mnv`)
(c) The ballot is stronger than bullet.
(d) You can fool all the people some of the time, and
some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool
all the people all the time.
(e) The best way to destroy an enemy is to make him a friend.
(f) No man has a good enough memory to be a successful liar.
(g) Marriage is neither heaven nor hell, it is simply purgatory.
Abraham Lincoln at Gettysburg Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.

Previous Questions
The Victorian Period
01. 'David Copperfield' is a / an ----- novel. [36Zg wewmGm]
(a) Victorian (b) Elizabethan
(c) Romantic (d) Modern Ans. a
02. London town is found a living being in the work of- . [36Zg wewmGm]
(a) Thomas Hardy (b) Charles Dickens
(c) W. Congreve (d) D. H. Lawrence Ans. b
03. Who wrote 'Patriotism'? [cv_wgK we`vjq cavb wkK wbqvM cixv-2002]
(a) William Shakespeare (b) William Wordsworth
(c) Sir Walter Scott (d) Robert Browning Ans.c
04. Who excels in dramatic monologue? [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) John Milton (b) Robert Browning
(c) S.T. Coleridge (d) William Wordsworth Ans. B
05. Who wrote the book 'Ivan Hoe'? [Dc mnKvix cwiPvjK(kg) c` cixv-2001]
(a) O' Henry (b) R L Stevenson
(c) Earnest Hemingway (d) Sir Walter Scott Ans.d
06. Which poetry is written by Sir Walter Scott? [miKvwi gvawgK we`vjq
mnKvix wkK wbqvM cixv- 2000]
(a) Patriotism (b) the Patriot
(c) A Frosty Night (d) All of the above Ans.a
07. In which century was the Victorian period? [16Zg wewmGm/ mve RR
wbqvM cixv-2008/we`yr Dbqb evWi Dc-mnKvix- 2012]
(c) 19th century (d) 20th century Ans. c
08. The Victorian age is named after-- [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2010-11]
(a) King Victor 1
(b) Victory of the British Empire
(c) The Victors in the war against the French
(d) Queen Victoria Ans. d
09. Tennysons 'In Memoriam' is- [cvmcvU I BwgMkb Awdmvi- 1990]
(a) an elegy (b) an ode
(c) a sonnet (d) None of them Ans. a
10. Who wrote the poem 'Ulysses'? [mnKvix cwiPvjK (Z_ gYvjq-03]
(a) Robert Browning (b) Alfred Tennyson
(c) George Eliot (d) Charles Dickens Ans. b
11. Tennyson wrote-- [_vbv mnKvix wkv Awdmvi- 1999]

(a) The Lotus-Eaters (b) Dover Beach
(c) My Last Dutchess (d) The Eve of St. Agnes Ans. a
12. 'The Falcon' is a comedy by-
(a) Emily Bronte (b) Charlotte Bronte
(c) Robert Browning (d) Alfred Tennyson Ans. d
13. Which of the following ages in literary history is the latest?
[wcGmwmi mnKvix cwiPvjK Ges cvmcvU Av BwgMkb mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2006]
(a) The Anglo Saxon Age (b) The Renaissance Age
(c) The Romantic Age (d) The Victorian Age Ans. d
14. Browning was the composer of any of the following poems-
(a) Two Voices (b) The Scholar Gipsy
(c) Andrea Del Sarto (d) Oenone Ans. c
15. Who is the poet of the Victorian age?
(a) Helen Keller (b) Matthew Arnold
(c) Shakespeare (d) Robert Browning Ans. b/d
16. Who among the following is not a recipient of the Nobel prize
in Literature? [mvbvjx evsK wmwbqi Awdmvi- 2014]
(a) Rabindranath Tagore (b) W.B Yeats
(c) T. S Eliot (d) Robert Browning Ans. d
17. The poem 'The Patriot' is written by-- [mnKvix _vbv wkv Awdmvi- 2012]
(a) Alfred Tennyson (b) Robert Browning
(c) Matthew Arnold (d) John Donne And. b
18. Browning wrote-- [_vbv mnKvix wkv Awdmvi- 1999]
(a) Rabbi Ben Ezra (b) La Belle Dame Sans Merci
(c) Adonais (d) Don Juan Ans. a
19. Who is a Victorian Poet?
(a) Lord Byron (b) Thomas Gray
(c) Matthew Arnold (d) None of them Ans. c
20. 'The Scholar Gipsy' wrote by-
(a) Matthew Arnold (b) Robert Browning
(c) W. B Yeats (d) Alfred Tnnyson Ans. a
21. One of the following authors is French. Who is he? [ijIq mnKvix
KgvU c` wbqvM cixv- 2000]
(a) W. Somerset Maugham (b) Sir Arthur Doyle
(c) Edward Fitzgerald (d) Alexandre Dumas Ans. d
22. Matthew Arnold belongs to--
(a) Romantic Age (b) Victorian Age
(c) Puritan Age (d) Modern Age Ans. b
23. Who is the author of the novel 'Three Musketeers? [mgevq ì 1997]
(a) R. L. Stevenson (b) William Shakespeare
(c) Sir Walter Scott (d) Alexandre Dumas Ans. d
24. 'Vanity Fair' is a ---- [ciiv gYvjqi mvBdi Awdmvi-2012]
(a) short story (b) drama
(c) Poem (d) novel Ans.d
25. Vanity Fair is a novel by--
(a) Dickens (b) Thackeray
(d) Scott (d) Fielding Ans. b
26. The writer of David Copperfield is- [mgvRmev Awdmvi (mgvRKjvY gYvjq)- 2010]
(a) Shakespeare (b) David Copperfield
(c) Charles Dickens (d) Rudyard Kipling Ans. c
27. Who wrote the two famous novels, 'David Copperfield' and 'A Tale of
Two Cities'? [29Zg wewmGm / ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2010-11]
(a) Thomas Hardy (b) Jane Austen
(a) George Eliot (d) Charles Dickens Ans. d
28. Charles Dickens was the writer of--- [mgvR mev Awaì cixv- 2010]
(a) Jane Eyre (b) Wuthering Heights
(c) David Copperfield (d) Return of the Native Ans. c
29. A Tale of Two Cities is a novel by- [mn cKkjx GjwRBwR cì cixv- 2005]
(a) Dickens (b) Thackeray
(c) Scott (d) Fielding Ans. a
30. Charles Dickens is a great- [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi mnKvix cwi`kK c` wbqvM cixv- 2004]
(a) poet (b) critic (c) play-wright (d) novelist Ans. d
31. Kvb cyKwU Charles Dickens- Gi jLv? [cv_wgK we`vjq cavb wkK wbqvM 2001]
(a) The Moon and the Sixpence (b) As you Like It
(c) David Copperfield (d) The Old and the Sea Ans. c
32. Charles Dickens is not the novelist for one of the following-
(a) A Tale of Two Cities (b) Treasure Islam
(c) David Copperfield (d) Great Expectations Ans. b
33. Who did not receive Nobel Prize in Literature. [evsjv`k evsK - 2013]
(a) Leo Tolstoy (b) Bernard Show
(c) T. S Elliot (d) Bertand Russell Ans. a
34. One of the four mentioned below is not a novelist of Modern Age in
English Language. Who is he? [cvewjK mvwfm Kwgkb mnKvix cwiPvjK cixv- 1998]
(a) H.G Wells (b) Charles Dickens
(c) Rudyard Kipling (d) T. S Elliot Ans. b
35. Who is the author of the book "War and Peace?' [_vbv wkv Awdmvi-10]
(a) Leo Tolstoy (b) William Cowper
(c) Shakespeare (d) John Ruskin Ans. a
36. Leo Tolstoy is a-- novelist. [Rbkw Kgvb I cwkY eyivi Dc-cwiPvjK-2007]
(a) British (b) German (c) French (d) Russian Ans. d
37. 'War and Peace' an epic late of Napoleonic invasion is written by-
[cwiek Awaìi mn cwiPvjK-2007/ ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2010-11]
(a) George Bernard Show (b) Ernest Hemisgway
(c) Leo Tolstoy (d) Anne Frank Ans. c
38. The central idea of 'Under the greenwood tree' is that:
[RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12] Ans. d
(a) life in the forest is dangerous (b) urban life is disgusting
(c) we all should live simple life (d) life in nature is simple and free
39. In 'Under the greenwood tree' which of the following is
mentioned as an 'enemy'? [RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) nature (b) forest (c) sun (d) a big tree Ans. b
40. The Return of the native is written by--
[cvmcvU I BwgMkb Awaìi mnKvix cwiPvjK-2007]
(a) Aldus Huxley (b) Alexander Dumas
(c) Somerset Maugham (d) Thomas Hardy Ans. d
41. 'Sherlock Holmes' was written by--- [Bmjvgx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2010-11]
(a) G. K. Cheslerton (b) Macbeth
(c) John Galsworthy (d) Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Ans. d
42. Who created the detective 'Sherlock Holmes'? [kg Awaìi kg KgKZv
Ges RbmsLv I cwieviKjvY KgKZv- 2003]
(a) John Gay (b) W. B Somerset Maugham
(c) Sir A Conan Doyle (d) Dylan Thomas Ans. C
43. 'Govt. of the people, by the people for the people' was observed by-
[5g weRGm (mnKvix RR) cv_wgK cixv-2010]
(a) Abraham Lincoln (b) Clinton
(c) M. K. Gandhi (d) Yasir Arafat Ans. a
44. 'You may fool some of the people some of the time; you can
even fool some of the people all the time, but you can't fool all
the people all time' was stated by-- [mve iwRvi 2001]
(a) George Washington (b) V. V. I Lenin
(c) Abraham Lincoln (d) Churchill Ans. c
45. 'Give me good mothers, I will give you a good nation' was the
observation of- [Uwjdvb evWi mnKvix cwiPvjK/ wnmve iY KgKZv- 2004]
(a) Hitler (b) Abraham Lincoln
(d) Napoleon (d) Sheikh Mojib Ans. c
46. Who is not Poet Laureate?
(a) Alfred Tennyson (b) William Wordsworth
(c) Robert Browning (d) Edmund Spenser Ans. c
47. Who was a peot Laureate after William Wordsworth?

(a) Alfred Tennyson (b) Ben Jonson
(c) John Dryden (d) Edmund Spenser Ans. a
48. Who is the author of The Origin of Species, [cv_wgK we`vjq mn- 2002]
(a) C. Darwin (b) A. Pope
(c) T. Hardy (d) O. Goldsmith Ans. a
49. Who is the author of Arabian Nights? [îvgYvjqi Aaxb mn cwiPvjK- 2011]
(a) Sir Richard Burton (b) Alexander Pope
(c) Smith (d) None of them Ans. a
50. Robert Browning was a ___ poet. Fill in the gap with
appropriate word. [37Zg wewmGm]
(a) Romantic (b) Victorian
(c) Modern (d) Elizathan Ans. b
51. The appropriate meaning of the word 'monologue' is -.
[evsjv`k Uwjwfkbi chvRK- 06]
(a) a long speech in a play spoken by one actor especially when alone
(b) conversation in a play
(c) a speech in a play in which a character, who is alone on the stae,
speaks his thoughts aloud
(d) a dialogue between the two actors or actresses in a drama Ans. a
52. 'A song embodying religious and sacred emotions.' [30th BCS]
(a) Lyric (b) Ode
(c) Hymn (d) Ballad Ans. c
53. A novel is not written in ___. [COU(B) 13-14]
(a) prose (b) letter form
(c) rhyme (d) third person narrative Ans. c
54. KvK Short story Gi RbK ejv nq?
(a) GW. Gjvb cv (b) wU. GwjqU
(c) mgvimU gg (d) `qv bB Ans. A
The Messenger of Allah prophet Muhammad

(peace be upon him) says:
- :
I left you two things. If you maintain,
you will not go astray-
the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Prophet.
7. The Modern &

The Post Modern Periods
Duration: 1901-1939-present
The Modern & The Post Modern Periods

Duration: 1901-1939-present

The Modern Period includes two shorter ages:
a. The Edwardian (1901-1910)- Edward (vii) Gi Avgj|
(Zvi Avgj 1905 mvj Dcgnv`k ef nq- Viceroy jW KvRb KZK)
b. The Georgian (1910-1936)- George (v) Gi Avgj|
(Zvi Avgj 1911 mvj Dcgnv`k ef i` nq- Viceroy jW nvwW KZK)
Edward (vii) jW KvRb George (v) jW nvwW

aviYv Kiv nq, Kwe Ezra Pound Gi Make it new Z _K Modernism
Gi hvv m~wPZ nq|
-
(Dyarchy)
ivbx wZxq GwjRve_ eZgvb hyivRi ivcavb|
Nobel cyivi cm:
1901 mvj _K mvwnZ Nobel cyivi Pvjy nq|
1901 mvj mvwnZ c_g Nobel cyivi weRqxi bvg: mywj cayg
mvwnZ c_g Nobel weRqx bvix: Selma Lagerlof (mjgv jMid)
g~jZ mvwnZ Nobel cyivi `qv nq mvwnwZKì mgM Rxebi mvwnZKg
PzjPiv weklY Ki| Ze 9 evi bvej cyivi c`vb Kiv nq mvwnwZKì
wbw` Kgi Rb|
Nobel Prize in Literature winners:
1) Rudyard Kipling (1907): UK (born in British India)

2) Rabindranath Tagore (1913): India
3) W. B. Yeats (1923): Ireland
4) George Bernard Shaw (1925): Ireland
5) Sinclair Lewis (1930): US
6) John Galsworthy (1932): UK
7) Eugene O'Neill (1936): US
8) Pearl S. Buck (1938): US
9) T. S. Eliot (1948): UK (born in the US)
10) William Faulkner (1949): US
11) Bertrand Russell (1950): UK
12) Winston Churchill (1953): UK
13) Ernest Hemingway (1954): US
14) John Steinbeck (1962): US
15) Samuel Beckett (1969): Ireland (lived in France much of his life)
16) Patrick White (1973): Australia
17) Saul Bellow (1976): US
18) Isaac Bashevis Singer (1978): US (born in Poland)
19) William Golding (1983): UK
20) Wole Soyinka (1986): Nigeria
21) Joseph Brodsky (1987): US (born in Russia)
22) Nadine Gordimer (1991): South Africa
23) Derek Walcott (1992): St Lucia, West Indies
24) Toni Morrison (1993): US
25) Seamus Heaney (1995): Ireland
26) V. S. Naipaul (2001): UK (born in Trinidad)
27) J. M. Coetzee (2003): South Africa
28) Harold Pinter (2005): UK
29) Doris Lessing (2007): UK (grew-up in Zimbabwe)
30) Alice Munro (2013): Canada
AvaywbK hyM AbK ewk jLK _vKvq wkv_xì myweav_ jLì bvg
eYgvbymvi mvRvbv nqQ|
Modern English Period Gi wKQz iZc~Y mvwnwZK:
01. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam:

cyiv bvg: Aveyj cvwKi Rqbyj Avew`b gy. Avyj Kvjvg
wZwb fviZi 11Zg ivcwZ Ges PZz_ gymwjg ivcwZ
Rb : 15 Avei 1931; gZz 27 RyjvB, 2015 (84 eQi)
Rbvb: ivgki, Zvwgjbvo, fviZ
Dcvwa: wgmvBjgvb, ^ci dwiIqvjv
Famous books:
(i) Wings of Fire (An Autobiography; Ze India Wins Freedom
(fviZ ^vaxb nj) MwU wjLQb gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`)
(ii) Ignited Minds
(iii) Inspiring Thought
(iv) The Luminus Sparks
(v) Turning Points (Ze Decision Points MwU RR WweI eyki jLv)
(vi) You are Born to Bloom
(vii) Target 3 Billion (Ze Four Million bvg O Henryi GKwU weLvZ
QvUM iqQ)|
(viii) Indomitable Spirit
(ix) My Journey (Ze A Journey MwU wjLQb Uwb eqvi)
Famous quote:
Dream is not that which you see while sleeping;
It is something that will not let you sleep.
(gvbyl hv Nywgq `L Zv ^c bq; ^c Zv hv gvbylK NygvZ `q bv)
02. A.C. Bradley:

Full name: Andrew Cecil Bradley
He was a famous critic of Shakespeare.
Famous book: Shakespearean Tragedy
03. Anthony Mascarenhas: (gvm&Kvibnvm; 1928 3 Dec. 1986)

A famous Pakistani journalist and author
Mascarenhas was born into a Goan Catholic family
in Belgaum, and educated in Karachi.
wZwb 1971 mvji 13 Ryb jb Gi mvbW UvBgm cwKvq gywhy
evsjv`k MYnZv wbq Genocide bvg GKwU weLvZ Article cKvk
Kib| hv wek-weeKK `viYfve bvov w`qwQj|
The BBC writes: "There is little doubt that Mascarenhas'
reportage played its part in ending the war. It helped turn world
opinion against Pakistan and encouraged India to play a decisive
role." Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi stating that
Mascarenhas' article led her "to prepare the ground for India's
armed intervention".
Books:
(i) The Rape of Bangladesh (1971)
GB eBq 1971 mvj cvwKvbx eeiZvi wP `qv nqQ|
(ii) Bangladesh : A Legacy of Blood (evsjv`k: ii FY)
1986 mvj cKvwkZ GB eBq eez _K wRqvDi ingvb ch
mKj ivRbwZK nZvKvi cvgvY weeiY `qv AvQ|
gb ivLyb:
Alexander Pope: The Rape of the Lock (mock epic)
Henry Fielding: Rape upon Rape (novel)
William Shakespeare: The Rape of Laurece (poem)
04. Adlof Hitler:

He was an Austrian-born German politician
wZwb Rvgvwbi Pvji nb 30 Rvbyqvwi 1933 mvj
Zvi Mvcb cywjk evwnbxi bvg Mvcv
wZwb 2 AvM 1934 mvj wbRK dzqivi (Fuhrer) ev Leader wnme
NvlYv `b|
wZwb bvrwm evwnbxi cavb wQjb|

Zvi Mvcb cwgKvi bvg- Bfv evDb (Eva Braun)
30 Gwcj 1945 mvj wZwb Ges Bfv evDb GKB
mv_ AvZnZv Kib
(to avoid capture by the Red Army)
Zvi weLvZ AvZRxebxg~jK M: Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
(70 eQi wbwl _vKvi ci 2016 mvj MwU cybgy`Y nqQ| cv msLv 720, Rvgvb fvlv)
Dw: hyB Rxeb, hyB mveRbxb|
05. Allen Ginsberg: (Avjb wMbmevM; June 3, 1926 April 5, 1997)

A famous American poet
weLvZ KweZv:
September on Jessore Road
(mî Ab hkvi ivW; 152 jvBb)
AviDBb Avjb wQjb gvwKb Kwe, jLK, MxwZKvi whwb 1950-Gi `kKi weU cRb Ges
wecixZ mswZ Av`vjbi bZvbxq ew| wZwb mvgwiKZ, A_bwZK eev` Ges hb wbcxob
welqi Rvivjvfve weivwaZv Kib| iyZ wMevM Zvi "nvDj" (1956) gnvKvei Rb mevwaK
cwiwPZ nb; hLvb wZwb gvwKb hyivi cyuwRevì asmvZK kwK wb`v Kib| GB KweZvwU
wjLwQjb Zvi weU cRbi eyì eiY Ki wbq Ges eevì asmvZK kwK AvgY Ki|
wMevM 1971 mvj evsjv`ki ^vaxbZv hyi mgq fviZxq mvwnwZK mybxj Mvcvavqi mv_
fviZ AewZ evsjv`kx kiYv_x wkweijvZ Nyi ewiqwQjb| Gmgq hkvii AwfZv wbq
GKwU KweZv wjLb hvi bvg mî Ab hkvi ivW (September on Jessore Road, 152-
line poem)| hyiv wdi wMq Zvi ey ee wWjvb I Abì mnvqZvq GB KweZvwUK wZwb Mvb
ic w`qwQjb| KbmvU GB Mvb Mq Zviv evsjv`kx kiYv_xì mnvqZvi Rb A_ msMn
KiwQjb| (m~: DBwKwcwWqv)
KweZvwUi weLvZ KqKwU jvBb njv:

Millions of daughters walk in the mud/ Millions of children wash
in the flood/ A Million girls vomit & groan/Millions of families
hopeless alone.
KweZvwUZ gywhyi mgq AvgwiKvi fwgKv mK wMbmevM ejQb:

Where are the helicopters of U.S. AID?/ Smuggling dope in
Bangkok's green shade./ Where is America's Air Force of Light?/
Bombing North Laos all day and all night?
06. Arther Clarke:

A famous science fiction writer
07. Alexander Campbell: (Kvej)
Book: The Heart of India (BwZnvm M)
08. Arundhuty Roy:

Rb : 24 bfî 1961, wkjs, gNvjq, fviZ
Books:
a) God of Small Things (Novel)
1997 mvj GB Mi Rb wZwb Booker Prize cvb|
b) Field Notes on Democracy
09. Alice Munro: (Gwjm gbiv)

wZwb Canadian short story writer
wZwb 2013 mvj bvej cyivi jvf Kib|
Novel: My Mothers Dream
10. Amitav Ghosh: (fviZxq mvwnwZK)

Works:
(i) The Glen Palace
(ii) Sea of Poppies
(iii) River of Smoke
(iv) The Shadow Lines (Novel)
11. Aldus Huxley: (GjWvm nvwj)
Novels:
(v) Point Counter Point
(vi) Ends and Means
(vii) Brave New World
[Aldous Huxleys vision of a future human race controlled
by global capitalism is every bit as prescient as Orwells
more famous dystopia.]
12. Amartya Sen: (AgZ mb)

Rb: 3 bfî, 1933
GKRb bvej cyivi weRqx (1998) evsjv`kx-fviZxq
evOvjx A_bxwZwe` I `vkwbK|
AgZ mbi Rb evsjv`ki gvwbKM| Zvi Avw` wbevm
eZgvb evsjv`ki ivRavbx XvKvi IqvixZ|
Kw_Z AvQ, iex`bv_ VvKyi Zvi bvg iLwQjb AgZ- hvi A_ Agi ev Awebki|
wZwb eZgvb Ugvm WweI jgU wekwe`vjqi mvbm~PK AavcK Ges nvfvW
wekwe`vjqi `kb wefvMi AavcK wnme KgiZ AvQb|
wZwb RvwZmsNi wewfb `ki wkv I gvbe m` Dbqb mK aviYv cvIqvi Rb
gvbe Dbqb m~PK Avwevi Kib|
AgZ mbi wjwLZ eB weMZ Pwjk eQi ai cvq wZwikwU fvlvq Ab~w`Z nqQ|
wZwb wewewm Rwic 14 Zg k evvjx|
Zvi DjLhvM M:
(a) Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entittlement and
Deprivation
(b) On Ethics and Economics
(c) Development as Freedom
(d) An Uncertain Glory: India and its Contradiction
(e) The Country of First Boys
(f) The Country of First Boys
13. Arbinda Adigaon: (Aiwe` Avw`MvI)

Novel: The White Tiger
14. Albert Camus: (1913-1960)

Famous books:
The Qutsider or The Stranger (1992)
"The Myth of Sisyphus" (Le Mythe de Sisyphe, 1942)
The Plague (1947)
15. Aiub Khan: (AvBqye Lvb )

Book: Friend not Master
16. Anita Desai: (fviZxq mvwnwZK)

Anita Mazumdar Desai (born 24 June 1937)
An Indian novelist and the Emerita John E. Burchard Professor
of Humanities at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Works:
(i) Games at Twilight
(ii) Fire on the Mountain
17. Anne Frank (Avbv dv):

Works: The Diary of a Young Girl (Ij`vR fvlvq)
2q wekhyi Rvgvb bvrmx (Nazi) evwnbx b`vijv (njv) Awfhvbi mgqKvjxb NUbv
jwLKv Zzj aiQb| m mgq jwLKv Zvi cwievii mv_ 2 eQi AvZMvcb _vKvi mgqi
`yfvMi eYbv iqQ MwUZ|
18. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman:

The founding leader of Bangladesh/ The Father of the Nation.
Zvi RxebKvj: 17 March 1920 15 August 1975
weLvZ M:
Amgv AvZRxebx (pubilised: 12th June 2012)
MwUi f~wgKv wjLb : kL nvwmbv|
BsiwR Abyev`: The Unfinished Memoirs (ggvqvi-wZK_v)
Abyev`K: dKij Avjg
Aviwe Abyev`K: cdmi W. Avey iRv gynv` bRvgyxb b`fx (Gg.wc.)
Rvcvwb fvlvq Abyev`K:
Kazuhiro Watanabe (KvRywniv IZvbe)
cKvkbv msv: AvKvwk kvZb|
Chinese Translator: Chi Jhee
(Former ambassador of China in Bangladesh)
University Press Ltd. _K GwU cKvwkZ nq|
eezi AviKwU M Avgvi wKQz K_v|
5 Gwcj 1971 mvj gvwKb hyiv wbDBqKwfwK weLvZ Newsweek
mvgwqKxZ eezK wbq Poet of Politics (ivRbxwZi Kwe) wkivbvg
GKwU weLvZ cwZe`b cKvwkZ nqwQj|
gb ivLyb: wR gvIjv msKwjZ 12wU fvlvq Ab~w`Z eezi 7 gvPi fvlY I
Zvi Rxeb cwiPq msewjZ Mi bvgI Poet of Politics.
eez c~e cvwKvbi bvg cwieZb Ki evsjv`k iLwQjb:

On 5 December 1969, Mujib made a declaration at a public
meeting held to observe the death anniversary of Suhrawardy that
henceforth East Pakistan would be called "Bangladesh":
"There was a time when all efforts were made to erase the word
"Bangla" from this land and its map. The existence of the word "Bangla"
was found nowhere except in the term Bay of Bengal. I on behalf of
Pakistan announce today that this land will be called "Bangladesh"
instead of East Pakistan."
(Source: "Political Profile of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman" by
Bangladesh Awami League)
eez GB K_v ej evsjv`ki ^vaxbZv NvlYv KiwQjb:
"This may be my last message, from today Bangladesh is independent.
I call upon the people of Bangladesh wherever you might be and
with whatever you have, to resist the army of occupation to the last. Your
fight must go on until the last soldier of the Pakistan occupation army is
expelled from the soil of Bangladesh and final victory is achieved."
(The Declaration of Independence on the night of 26th March, 1971 by
Bangabandhu)
eeyi weLvZ wKQz Dw:
a) This time the struggle is for our freedom,
this time the struggle is for our independence!
(7 March,1971)
b) My greatest strength is the love for my people.
My greatest weakness is that I love them too much.
(Interview with Sir David Frost on the BBC, 1972)
c) I have given you independence, now go and preserve it.
(While speaking to Awami League leaders a few hours before
his arrest on the night of 25th March, 1971)
d) 1971 mvji Dvj gvPi w`bjvZ GK cm Kbdvi eey kL gywReyi ingvb `K
GB AwMSiv K_vjv ejwQjb:
Nobody should play with fire. Nobody should try to
suppress the will of 70 million people. When 70 million are
determined to achieve something- no power on earth can suppress
them. Today, tomorrow or day after tomorrow- victory is ours.
(Avb wbq Ljv Kiv Kviv DwPZ bq| KD mvZ KvwU gvbyli BQvK `vevq ivLZ
cviebv| hLb mvZ KvwU gvbyl Kvb wKQy ARbi Rb cwZve nq, cw_exi KD Zvì
`wgq ivLZ cvibv| AvR nvK, Kvj nvK, Avi ci nvK- Rq AvgvìB)
19. Barak Obama:

Kbxq eskvzZ evivK (nvmb) Ievgv njb c_g Kv gvwKb cwmWU
wZwb Bwjbq AivRi wmbUi wQjb|
2009 mvj wZwb 44 Zg gvwKb cwmWU wbevwPZ nb Ges GKB mvj kvwZ
bvej cyivi jvf Kib|
gb ivLyb: evivK Ievgvmn hyivi gvU 4 Rb cwmWU kvwZ bvej cvb|
Abiv njb-
1| w_DWi iRf (1901 mvj wZwb nvqvBU nvDRi bvgKiY Kib)
2| W. DWv DBjmb (USA Gi GKgv WiU wWwMavix cwmWU)
3| wRwg KvUvi (wZwb nvqvU nvDR Wvqwi MwU wjLQb)
evivK Ievgvi weLvZ M:
(i) The Audacity of Hope (cZvkvi av)
(ii) Dreams From My Father
(iii) It Takes A Nation
(iv) Change We Can Believe In
(v) Of Thee I Sing : A Letter to My Daughters
(Ze A Prayer for My Daughter bvg weLvZ KweZv wjLQb W.B. Yeats)
20. Bertrand Russell: (evUv ivmj; 18 May 1872 2 February 1970)

was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian,
writer, social critic and political activist
But he was awarded Nobel Prize in literature in 1950.
c_g wekhyi mgq hyweivax eei Rb ZvK 6 gvm Rj LvUZ nq|
evsjv mvwnZ gvZvni nvmb PayixK evUv ivmji fvewkl ejv nq| Zvi
myL MwU evUv ivmji Conquest of Happines Gi Abyev`|
evUv ivmji weLvZ M:
The Elements of Ethics
Human Knowledge
The Problems of Philosophy
Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy
(RjLvbvq em jLv GB eBZ jLK MwYZ Ges hywK GK Abi mv_ Avwfve RwoZ
ej AvLv `b| wZwb ejb Zvì cv_K nj evjK I cyili| hyw MwYZi QvUejvi ic
Avi MwYZ hywi eoejv)
Religion and Science
Marriage and Morals
The Impact of Science on Society
21. eveyj Payix:

Innocent Millions
(gywhywfwK cvgvY PjwP)
22. eMg ivKqv:
Sultanas Dream
(GwU BsiwRZ jLv Zvi GKgv Dcbvm)
23. Chinua Achebe: (wPbyqv AvwPe)
wZwb bvBRwiqvi novelist poet & professor
ZvK Father of Modern
African Literature ejv nq|
Novels:
(i) Things Fall Apart
(ii) Arrow of God
(iii) The African Trilogy Chinua Achebe
(iv) The Man of the People

24. Colonel Gaddafi:
The Green Book
25. Condoleezza Rice:
Book: No Higher Honour
26. Dan Brown: (Wvb evDb, born June 22, 1964)
An American author of thriller fiction
His best-selling novel:
The Da Vinci Code (a 2003 mystery-detective novel)
Angels and Demons
27. David mile Durkheim: (`yLBg)
a French sociologist, social psychologist and philosopher
Novel : Suicide
28. Doris Lessing: (Wwim jwms)

* African (Zimbabwe) English Writer
Famous novels:
(i) The Grass is Singing
(ii) Children of Violence
(iii) The Good Terrorist Wwim jwms
(iv) The Golden Notebook (GB Mi Rb wZwb 2007 mvj bvej
cyivi cqQb)
29. D.H. Lawrence: (WweW nvievU ji)
David Herbert Richards Lawrence
was a famous novelist of Modern Age
His characters always portray himself.
Famous novels: WweW nvievU ji
(i) Sons and Lovers [an autobiographical (AvZRxebxg~jK) novel]

(ii) Lady Chatterleys Lovers
(iii) The Rainbow (Ze G bvg IqvWm&Iqv_i GKwU weLvZ KweZv iqQ)
(iv) Woman in Love
(v) The White Peacock (Ze The White Tiger wjLQb Arbinda
Adigaon; fviZi RvZxq cvwL Peacock/gq~i)
Famous short stories:
(i) The Virgin and the Gypsy
(ii) The Rocking House Winner
30. Dylan Thomas:

Poems:
(i) Fern Hill
(ii) The Map of Love
31. W. mybxwZKzgvi Pvcvavq:
wZwb Origin and Development of Bangali Languege (ODBL)
bvg GKwU weLvZ fvlv welqK M iPbv Kib 1926 mvj|
32. W. AvKei Avjx Lvb:
A Bangladeshi economist and educationist
Famous book:
Gresham's Law Syndrome and Beyond:
An Analysis of the Bangladesh Bureaucracy
33. E. M. Milford:
Book: The Field of Embroidered Quilt
(GwU cjxKwe RmxgD`&`xbi bKkx Kuv_vi gvVi BsiwR Abyev`|
RmxgD`&`xbi Folk Songs of East Bengal)
34. Emerson:
Ralph Waldo Emerson
May 25, 1803 April 27, 1882
was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet
He led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century.
Famous book: The American Scholar
35. Erik Axel Karlfeldt:
He is the only posthumous (giYvi) Nobel Prize winner in
literature in 1931.
mvwnZ giYvi bvej cyivi weRqx GKgv ew| DjL, G ch 3
Rb giYvi bvej cyivi jvf Kib| Ab `yRb njb `vM nvgvikv
(kvwZ 1961mvj) Ges ivjd Gg. bgvb (wPwKrmvq 2011mvj)
36. E.M Forster:

Full name : Edward Morgan Forster (dvi)
Zvi weLvZ ce: My Wood
Famous novels:
(i) A Passage to India
(Pwivejx: Dr. Aziz, Rony Hislop,
Stella Moore, Miss Adela Quested cgyL)
(ii) Howards End
(iii) A Room with a View
Ze A Room of Ones Own (fiction) wjLQb Virginia Woolf
(iv) Where Angels Fear to Tread
Collection of short stories:
The Celestial Omnibus
37. Ernesto Che Guevara: (P qfviv; 1928-1967)
Rb- 14 Ryb 1928, ivRvwiI, AvRwUbv
Dcvwa: Che Ernesto (P Gibv)
wKDevi wecei cavb ewZ
weLvZ M: Guerrilla Warfare
38. Ernest Hemingway: (Avb nwgsIq, 1899-1961)

AvgwiKvi weLvZ JcbvwmK I mvsevw`K|
wZwb Rxekvq 7wU Dcbvm, 6wU QvUM msKjb I `ywU bb-wdKkb M cKvk Kib|
1961 mvji 2 RyjvB fvi wbRi wcq kUMvb w`q wj Ki AvZnZv Kib|
Zvi weLvZ M (MM) In our time|
Novels:
(i) A Farewell to Arms (AvZRxebxg~jK Dcbvm, 1929)
GLvb Arms ejZ GKB mv_ cwgKvi ev Ges hyvK eySvbv nqQ| GwU GKwU
hyweivax Dcbvm| evsjv Abyev`K- wbqvR gvik`|
(ii) The Old Man and the Sea
1951 mvj wKDevq _vKvKvjxb mgq wjwLZ GB Mi Rb wZwb 1953 mvj cywjrRvi
Ges 1954 mvj bvej cyivi jvf Kib| Gi evbyev` KiQb dZn jvnvbx|
DcbvmwUZ DcmvMixq vZ wekvj GK gviwjb gvQi mv_ mvwqvMvi GK e
Rji msMvgi Kvwnbx ewYZ nqQ| Ze, fviZxq ivRbxwZK `v`vfvB bIivwRK
The Grand Old Man of India ejv nq|
(iii) For Whom the Bell Tolls

Ze G bvg Jacobean Period Gi Kwe Rb Wvbi GKwU KweZv iqQ|
(iv) The Sun also Rises
It is Hemingways first and best novel which explores courage,
cowardice and manly authenticity.
(v) The Dangerous Summer
(vi) True at First Light
(vii) The Torrents of Spring
Short story:
i) Indian Camp (1924)
ii) Cat in the Rain (1925)
iii) Men Without Women (M msKjb)
iv) The Killers Ernest Miller Hemingway
gb ivLyb:
Ernest Hemingway: The Sun also Rises (novel)
John Donne: The Sun Rising (poem)
39. Eugene ONeil: (BDwRb IbBj)
American Dramatist
wZwb 1936 mvj wZwb bvej cvb
Plays:
The Hairy Ape (jvgk evbi)
bvqKi bvg Yank
GwU GKwU Tragedy of class division
Long Days Journey into Night (A four act play)
Desire Under the Elms
40. Francis Fokuama: (dzKzBqvgv)

wZwb eZgvb vbdvW wekwe`vjqi R djv
Book: The End of the History and the Last Man
41. Fidel Castro: (wd`j Kvv)

Former president of Cuba
Famous books:
(i) The Guerrilla of Time (Mwijv)
Gi Theme: Revolutionary Zeal
(ii) The Strategic Victory
eez mK wd`j Kvv ejQb: wd`j Kvv
I have not seen the Himalays,
But I have seen Sheikh Mujib.
In personality and in courage, this man is the Himalays.
I have thus had the experience of witnessing the Himalays.
[in 1973, at an international summit of NAM, held in Algiers]
42. Fyodor Dostoyevsky: (wdDì `qfw)

wZwb ivwkqvi jLK I `vkwbK
Famous novels:
(i) Crime and Punishment
(ii) The Idiot
(iii) The Eternal
(iv) A Little Hero
(v) The House of the Dead
(vi) Notes from Underground
Crime and Punishment Mi Theme njv: Crime never goes
without punishment.
43. dvi bvBwUj:
Title: Lady with the Lamp
44. Gunnar Myrdal:
A Swedish Nobel laureate economist, sociologist, and politician.
Famous book: The Asian Drama
45. Gunter Grass:

Famous Poet and Novelist of Germany
wZwb wnUjvii cviv wgwjUvwi evwnbxZ KvR KiZb|
1999 mvj wZwb mvwnZ bvej cyivi jvf Kib|
wZwb 1986 mvj evsjv`k Avmb|
wZwb 13 Gwcj, 2015 mvj gZzeiY Kib|
Novels:
(i) The Tin Drum (k Dcbvm)
(ii) Cat and Mouse
(Ze The Cat and The Moon KweZvwU wjLQb W.B. Yeats)
(iii) Dog Years
(iv) What Must Be Said
46. Gabriel Garcia Marquez: (Mvweqj Mvwmqv gvKm, 1927-2014)
wZwb Colombian writer / Novelist
wZwb 17 Gwcj 2014, Mexico Z gZzeiY Kib|
ZvK jvwUb AvgwiKvi wesk kZvxi mePq
iZc~Y jLK gb Kiv nq|
Novels:
(i) Love in the time of Cholera
(ii) Autumn of the Patriarch
(iii) One Hundred Years of Solitude (wbtmZvi GKk eQi)
vwbk fvlvq iwPZ G Dcbvmi weLvZ Dw: They were so close
to each other that they preferred death to separation.
47. George Orwell: (RR AiIqj)

wZwb ewUk Avgji GKRb cywjk Awdmvi wQjb|
Zvi Avmj bvg: Eric Arthur Blair
Rb: Awef fviZi evsjv c`ki gwZnvwiZ|
v b
Famous novels:
(i) Animal Farm
GwU mvwfqZ weivax icKvkqx Dcbvm| G M Avgvì mgKvjxb ivRbwZK I mvgvwRK
cwiekK we`~cvZK fwZ cKvwnbxi icK (Allegory) Dcvcb Kiv nqQ|
(ii) Nineteen Eighty Four
wZwb K&
KgKv h Y
- Q Big Brother
ej |
( DcwiD e
(iii) Homage to Catalonia
(iv) The Road to Wigan Pier
Famous essay: Shooting an Elephant
48. George Bernard Shaw: (RR evbvW k)

Zvi Rb Avqvijv 1856 mvj|
Zvi msw bvg G.B. Shaw. He wrote more than 60 plays.
He is the Father of Modern English Literature /Drama.
He was strongly influenced by Henric Ibsen.
He is the greatest playwright of the Modern Period.
RR evbvW k Fabian society Gi AbZg m`m wQjb|
wZwb 1925 mvj mvwnZ bvej cyivi jvf Kib|
Famous plays of G B. Shaw:
(i) Man and Superman (1902-03) It is a famous Comedy of Ideas.
(ii) Arms and the Man (1894)***
(iii) Ceaser and Cleopetra (1898)***
Ze Antony and Cleopatra bvg GKwU weLvZ Play wjLQb King without
crown bvg LvZ William Shakespeare
(iv) Doctors Dilemma

(v) St. Joan of Arc**
(vi) Major Barbara
(vii) You Never Can Tell
(viii) Heart Break House (1919)
(ix) The Philanderer
(x) Man of Destiny (1895) RR evbvW k
Ze Roads of Destiny wjLQb O Henry
(xi) The Apple Cart
(xii) Widowers Houses
(xiii) Candida
(xiv) Press Cuttings (1909)
(xv) Beautys Duty
(xvi) The Devils Disciple
(xvii) Mrs. Warrens Profession***
(xviii) How He Lied to Her Husband
(xix) Buoyant Billions
(xx) Macbeth Skit
(xxi) Getting Married
(xxii) Pygmalion***
(GwUi Rb wZwb Avi cyivi jvf Kib)
(xxiii) Too True to Be Good
Famous quotes of G.B. Shaw:
i) Nine soldiers out of ten are born fools.
ii) God is on the side of big battalions. (fvev_: Cki _vKb f` cjxZ)
iii) Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
(v vb AZvi Pq ewk fqsKi)
iv) It is our duty to live as long as we can.
v) GUvB BwZnvmi wkv h BwZnvm _K KD wkv bq bv|
gynv` (`t) mK RR evbvW k ejwQjb:
I have always held the religion of Muhammad in high estimation
because of its wonderful vitality. It is the only religion which appears to me
to possess that assimilating capacity to the changing phase of existence
which can make itself appeal to every age. I have studied him - the
wonderful man and in my opinion far from being an anti-Christ, he must

be called the Saviour of Humanity.
I believe that if a man like him were to assume the dictatorship of the
modern world he would succeed in solving its problems in a way that
would bring it the much needed peace and happiness: I have prophesied
about the faith of Muhammad that it would be acceptable to the Europe of
tomorrow as it is beginning to be acceptable to the Europe of today.
49. MxZv gnZv:
Dateline Bangledesh (gywhywfwK cvgvY PjwP; GwU jb wbwgZ nq|)
50. H. G. Wells :
cyiv bvg:(Herbert George Wells
Famous science fiction:
(i) The Time Machine
(ii) The Invisible Man
H. G. Wells studying in London
51. Hilary Clinton:
Former secretary of the White House
Famous books:
(i) Invitation of the White House
(ii) Hard Choice (2014)
(iii) Living History (AvZRxebxg~jK)
(Ze My Life bvg AvZRxebx wjLQb wnjvwii ^vgx 42Zg gvwKb cwmWU Bill Clinton)
52. Henry Kissinger:

An American diplomat and political scientist.
Former Secretary of the State of the USA
(AvgwiKvi mveK ciivgx)
Famous books:
53. Harold Pinter: (1930-2008)

Born : USA in 1930
Famous works:
(i) The Room
(ii) The Birthday Party (Ze The Cocktail Party bvg GKwU weLvZ
Dcbvm wjLQb wU Gm GwjqU)
(iii) No Mans Land
(iv) The Dumb Waiter
(v) The Caretaker
(vi) The Homecoming
54. Henrik Ibsen:
He is a Norwegian playwright
Title : Father of Modern Drama
Famous play: A Dolls House
(Theme: Realization of true freedom. The play is
significant for its critical attitude toward 19th century marriage
norms. Ze `y:LRbK njI mwZ h GB gnvb mvwnwZK bvej cyivi jvf Kib wb)
55. Herman Melville:
American Novelist
Famous novels:
(i) Moby Dick
( It deals with a white whale)
(ii) White Jacket
(iii) Bartelby the Scrivener
56. Henry James:
Famous novels:
(i) The Wings of the Dove
(ii) The Portrait of a Lady
(iii) The Tragic Muse

(iv) The American
(v) The Ambassadors**
(vi) The Golden Bowl *
57. Irwin Shaw:

a prolific American playwright, screenwriter, novelist, and
short-story author whose written works have sold more than
14 million copies.
Famous play: Bury the Dead (anti-war drama)
GB bvUK Aej^b gybxi Payix Zuvi Kei bvUKwU iPbv Kib|
57. Irin Khan (AvBwib Lvb): (1992-2002)

Avgbvw BUvibvkbvji mveK gnvmwPe
weLvZ M: The Unheard Truth: Poverty and Human Rights
(h mZ wbwb: `vwi` Ges gvbevwaKvi)
58. Jahanara Imam: (Rvnvbviv Bgvg)

Zvi gywhy wfwK wZPviY g~jK M GKvii w`bwj Mi BsiwR
Abyev` KiQb gvvwdRyi ingvb Of Blood and Fire bvg|
GKvii w`bwj Aej^b wbwgZ PjwPi bvg `xc wbf hvq
59. Jimmy Carter: (wRwg KvUvi)

Ex President of the USA
the 39th President of the United States
from 1977 to 1981
He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace
Prize for his work with the Carter Center.
Book: White House Diary
(Ze The White House Years eBwU wjLQb Henry Kissinger wU)
60. John Masefield: (gmwd)

Famous novels:
(i) Mid Summer Night
(ii) End and Beginning
(iii) The Bird of Dawning
(Ze A Midsummer Nights Dream (play) wjLQb Shakespeare;
and Midnights Children is written by Salman Rushdi)
61. J.K. Rawling:

A British Female novelist
screen writer and film producer
wZwb weLvZ wkZvl M-
Harry Poter Gi jLK|
Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince is a series of
seven fantasy novels written by J. K. Rowling.
nvwi cUvi Gi Awfbx Ggv IqvUmbi weLvZ M: 'He for She'
Quote: We are only strong as we are united as weak as we are divided.
62. Jhumpa Lahiri:
She was an Indian born novelist.
Famous books:
(i) The Namesake
(ii) The Law Land
(iii) Interpreter of Maladies
(iv) A Temporary Matter (Short Story)
63. Jean Paul Sartre: (1905-1980)
bvgt Ruv cj mv
French novelist, playwright & philosopher
wZwb gvev`x - AwZev`x `vkwbK wQjb
wZwb 1964 mvj ^Qvq Nobel Prize ZvM Kib
Zvi No Exit bvUKi evbyev`: vii
Abyev` KiQb wRqv nvq`vi (1936-2008)
Books:
gb ivLyb:
(i) The Road to Freedom ivwkqvi jLK Boris
(ii) Nausea [bvwmqv: ewg-ewg fve] Pestarnak I 1958
mvj mvwnZ Nobel
(iii) Age of Reason cyivi miKvii Pvc
(iv) Iron in the Soul cZvLvb KiwQjb|
Zvi M:
(i) Dr. Zivago
64. James Joyce: (1882-1941) (ii) Blind Beauty
Avqvijvi weLvZ JcbvwmK I Kwe
wZwb mvwnZ Stream of Consciousness (PZbvi Atkxj cevn) UKwbK
ceZbi Rb weLvZ
Famous Books:
(i) Exiles (bvUK, 1918)
(ii) Ulysses (Dcbvm, 1922)
( nvgvii IWwm Aej^b jLv GB DcbvmwUK
MY wK c c K b
cY Ze BDwjwmm
(Ulysses) bvg Uwbmbi GKwU weLvZ KweZv iqQ)
(iii) A Potrait of the Artist as a Young Man (c_g Dcbvm)
(iv) Dubliners (Wvewjbvim, QvUM msKjb)
65. Jane Taylor:
Famous poem: Twinkle Twinkle Little Star
66. Thomas Jefferson: (March 4, 1801 March 4, 1809)

an American Founding Father who was principal author of
the Declaration of Independence (1776)
3rd President of the United States
Quote: Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty.
(mvaxbZv ARbi Pq ^vaxbZv iv Kiv KwVb)
67. Julian Assange: (Rywjqvb Avmv)
wekLvZ Wiki-Leaks Gi cwZvZv|
68. J. M. Synge: (Rb wgwjsUb wmO)

Zvi cyiv bvg : John Millington Synge
He was a famous dramatist.
Famous works:
(i) Riders to the Sea (GwU GKwU one act play)
(Ze The Old Man and the Sea (novel) wjLQb Ernest Hemingway)
(ii) The Play Boy of the Western World
(iii) The Shadow of the Glen
(iv) The Well of the Saints
69. Joseph Conrad: (1857-1924)

A famous novelist ( b: Z
Avmj bvg: Joseph Teoder Konrad
Zvi weLvZ QvUM: The Lagoon
Famous novels :
i) Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad
Theme: The hycopracy of imperialism. Joseph Conrads
masterpiece about a life-changing journey in search of Mr
Kurtz has the simplicity of great myth.
Ze The Heart of India (history) wjLQb Alexander Campbell
ii) Lord Jim: A Tale
iii) Under Western Eyes
iv) Typhoon (UvBdzb)
v) The Rover
vi) The Rescue
vii) An Island Tale
viii) A Tale in Two Parts (a collection of short stories)
gb ivLyb:
Jonathon Swift: A Tale of a Tub
Charles Dikens: A Tale of Two Cities (London & Paris)
R.M Ballantyne: A Tale of the Pacific Ocean (adventure fiction)
Joseph Conrad: A Tale in Two Parts (collection of short stories)
An Island Tale (collection of short stories)
70. Jules Verne: (Ryjm& fvb)

He was born in France
Father of Science Fiction
Novels:
o Around the World in Eighty Days (80 w`b f~-c`wY; GwU
GKwU Adventure Novel)
o Journey to the Centre of the Earth
Science fiction: Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea
71. John F. Kennedy: (Rb Gd KbwW)

35Zg gvwKb cwmWU
weLvZ Dw:
(i) Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask you can
do for your country. (`k ZvgvK Kx w`jv mwU bq, Zzwg `kK
Kx w`j mwUi LuvR ivL)
(ii) Let us never negotiate (gaZv) out of fear. But let us
never fear to negotiate.
72. Rwni ivqnvb:
gywhywfwK cvgvY PjwP:
Stop Genocide
(MYnZv e Ki)
A State is Born
Let There Be Light
73. wRqv nvq`vi ingvb:

evsjv`kx eskvzZ wewUk JcbvwmK
c_g Dcbvm: In The Light of What We Know
[GB Dcbvmi Rb jLK mePq cyibv wewUk mvwnZ cyivi Rgm UBU evK
cyivi jvf Kib]
74. Kaiser Hamidul Haq: (born 7 December 1950)

A Bangladeshi poet, translator, essayist, critic and academic
A professor of English at the University of Dhaka
Famous poems and books:
(i) Ode on the Lungi
(ii) Black Orchid
(iii) A Little Ado
(iv) A Happy Farewell
(v) Poor Man Eating
75. Lee kuan Yew: (wj Kzqvb BD; 1923-2015)
The founding father of independent Singapore
wZwb ^vaxb wmvcyii c_g wbevwPZ cavbgx
(1965-1990)
2015 mvji 23 gvP gviv hvb|
Book: From Third World to First: The Singapore Story - 1965-2000
76. Lord Acton:
Quote: Power tends to corrupt and
absolute power corrupts absolutely.
(gZv gvbylK `ybx wZceY Ki, Avi Pig gZv gvbylK Pigfve `ybx wZM Ki)
77. Momota Banerjee:
My Unforgettable Memories (wZK_v)
78. Mahatma Gandhi: (gnvZv Mvx, 1869-1948)
Dcvwa: evcyRx
cyiv bvg: gvnb `vm KigPuv` Mvx
Rb: fviZi RivU 2 Avei 1869 mvj
ZvK iex`bv_ VvKzi gnvZv Dcvwa `b|
wZwb ^vaxb fviZxq RvwZi RbK Ges Awnsm Av`vjbi cev|
wZwb fviZxq Dcgnv`k niZvji (Awnsm) ceZK|
Zvi Rbw`b 2 AveiK AvRvwZK Awnsm wèm wnme NvlYv Kiv nqQ|
AmnhvM Av`vjbi mgq wZwb wewUk miKvi c` Kvqmvi-B-wn` Dcvwa
cZvLvb Kib|
DBbb PvwPj gnvZv MvxK Half Nacked Indian Fakir ejwQjb|
wZwb `wY AvwdKvi `v wbKj cwKvwU mv`bv KiZb|
Zvi Rxeb Kvwnbx wbq wbwgZ wekweLvZ PjwP ` Mvx cwiPvjbv Kib
Richard Samuel Attenborough
Zvi weLvZ M: The Story of My Experiment with Truth
30 Rvbyqvix 1948 mvj AvZZvqx b_yivg MWm KZK wZwb wbnZ nb|
79. Martin Luther King Junior:

An American Baptist minister, activist,
humanitarian & leader in the African-
American Civil Rights Movement.
Zuvi Rb 1929 mvji 15 Rvbyqvwi|
Zvi Rbw`b 15 RvbyqvwiK cwmWU
ivbv wiMvb AvgwiKvb nwjW NvlYv
Kib (1986 mvj) | gvwUb jy_vi wKs Rywbqi
hyivi wbMvì AwaKvi Av`vq Av`vjbi Awnsmev`x bZv
wZwb 1959 mvj visited India to study Mahatma Ghandis
philosophy of non-violence. (A_vr gnvZv Mvxi Awnsm Av`vjbi `kb
Aaqbi Rb wZwb 1959 mvj fviZ gY KiwQjb|)
wZwb 1964 mvj kvwZ bvej cyivi jvf Kib|
In April 04, 1968, he was assassinated by a sniper.
[hyivi Uwbwm AivRi gg&wdm kni]
Famous speech:
I have a dream that my four little children will one day
live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour
of their skin but by the content of their character.
[On August 28, delivered to over 250,000 civil rights supporters
from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC]
Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.
80. Marshall Mcluhan: (gvkvj gvKjynvb)

KvbvWvi weLvZ `vkwbK
wZwb mec_g- Global Village (wekMvg)
K_vwU eenvi Kib|
Famous books:
(i) The Gutenberg: The Making of Typographic Man
(ii) Understanding Media (G `yUv MB wZwb wekMvgi aviYv `b|)
81. Monika Ali:

A Bangladeshi-born British writer and novelist.
Books:
(i) Brick Lane
(ii) Untold Story (bv ejv M)
82. Muhammad Asad:
wZwb cvwKvwb eskvzZ Awqvi gymwjg mvsevw`K wQjb|
Famous book:
The Road to Macca
Ze Road to Freedom wjLQb- Ruv cj mv, whwb 1964 mvj bvej cyivi
cZvLvb KiwQjb|
83. gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`:

Book: India Wins Freedom (fviZ ^vaxb nj)
84. gvjvjv BDmydRvB (Yousafzai):

12 RyjvB 1997 mvj cvwKvbi LvBevi
cvLZzb LvIqv c`ki mvqvZ Rjvq Rb|
KwbZg bvej cyivi weRqx|
kvwZ bvej cvb (2014)
Dcvwa: Daughter of Pakistan (Ze Daughter of the East njb

ebwRi fv)
wZwb I am Afraid wkivbvg j gvKvB Qbvg wewewmi Iqe eM D`y
msiY wjLZb|
wZwb wgviv kni wjwe nb |
AvZRxebx I am Malala
85. gybxi Payix:

1965 mvj wZwb gybxi AcwUgv bvg c_g evsjv UvBc ivBUvi wbgvY Kib|
gvwKb bvUKvi Irwin Shaw Gi Bury the Dead bvUK Aej^b gybxi
Payix Zuvi Kei bvUKwU iPbv Kib|
Zuvi Ab~w`Z bvUK 3wU:
1) gyLiv igYx ekxKiY (Shakespeare Gi The Taming of the Shrew Gi
Abyev`)
2) icvi KUv (Rb MjmIqvwì The Silver Box Aej^b)
3) KD wKQz ejZ cvi bv|
86. gvBKj gaym~`b `: (1824-1873wL:)

wZwb Timothy Pen Poem Qbvg BsiwR KweZv wjLZb|
wZwb BZvjxq Kwe Iwfì "Heroids" Kve Aej^b exivYv Kve iPbv Kib|
GwU evsjv mvwnZi c_g cKve|
MxK cyivbi Apple of Discord Aej^b wZwb evsjv mvwnZ c_g mv_K KgwW
cveZx iPbv Kib|
wZwb A Native Qbvg `xbez wgi bvUK bxj `cY Gi BsiwR Abyev` Kib-
The Indigo Planting Mirror bvg|
GB BsiwR Abyev`wU Qvcvi ci ZvK 1000 UvKv Rwigvbv Kiv nq| Zzg cvPvi
bKkuv LvZ Kvjxcmb wmsn ^Qvq mwU cwikva Ki `b|
bxj `cY (The Indigo Planting Mirror) bvUKwU AvgwiKvb jwLKv Mrs.
Harriet Stoe Gi Anti-Slavery (`vm c_v weivax) Novel wnme LvZ
Uncle Toms Cabin Aej^b iwPZ |
DjL, Uncle Toms Cabin Dcbvmi Ab bvg Life Among the Lowly;
GwU 19th century Gi best selling Dcbvm| cKvki ci c_g eQi ay USA
ZB GwU wZb jvL Kwc weq nq|
Famous Books :
(i) Vision of the Past
(ii) The Captive Lady
87. Nathaniel Hawthorne: (18041864)
bv_vwbqj n_b
American Novelist
Famous novels:
(i) The Scarlet Letter
(jvj eYi A letter wbq) Nathaniel Hawthorne
(ii) The House of the Seven Gables
88. Nirod C. Chowdhury: (Rb: 23 bfî, 1897 - gZy: 1 AvM, 1999)

bxi`P` Payix GKRb LvZbvgv `xNRxwe evOvwj gbbkxj jLK I wewk
wPvwe`| jvi GUvAwWbvix kxlK gv gyjvii Rxebx wjL 1975
wLv bxi`P` Payix fviZ miKvi c` wZxq mevP mvwnZ mvbbv
wnme mvwnZ GKvWwg cyivi jvf Kib| wZwb Zvui HwZnvwmK `wfw I
ZxhK cKvkfxi Rb weklfve AvjvwPZ wQjb| wZwb BsiwR I evsjv
Dfq fvlvqB wjLQb| BsiwRZ Zvui cKvwkZ Mi msLv 11; evsjvq 5|
GQvov wewfb ce-wbe msKjb wnme cKvwkZ nqQ|
Zvi Qbvg ejvnK b`x
evwo wKkviM, gqgbwmsn|
mv`K : kwbevii wPwV|
Famous novel: A Passage to England (1953)
Famous books:
AvZNvZx evOvwj
The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian (1951)
(GwU Zvi cavb mvwnZKg| bZyb I ^vaxb `k wnme fviZi wePvi eevK KUv Ki eBwU
DrmM Kib wZwb| wek kZKi c_g w`Ki wewUk kvmbvaxb MvgxY evsjvi weeiYI iqQ eBwUZ)
89. Neil Armstrong:

gvwKb bfvPvix
1969 mvji 20 RyjvB wZwb c_g Puvì gvwUZ cv ivLb| G mgq wZwb
wbPi weLvZ gewU Kib:
This is a single step for a man; but giant leap for
mankind. (A_vr GwU GKRb gvbyli z` c`c njI gvbeRvwZi
Rb wekvj AMhvv|)
90. Nelson Mandela: (18 July 1918 - 5 December 2013)
Dcvwa:
Icon (g~ZcZxK) of peace, freedom & reconciliation (mgSvZv)
Former President of South Africa
1993 mvj wZwb kvwZ bvej cvb Ges 1997 mvj evsjv`k Avmb|
MYZvwKfve wbevwPZ `wY AvwdKvi c_g ivcwZ (1994 _K 1999 ch)|
Zvi ivRbwZK `ji bvg AvwdKvi bvkbvj KsMm (ANC)
Zvi 6wU WvK bvg wQj- gvwèv, ZvZv, Lyjy, cwjfzv, ivwjnvnv I bjmb
wZwb 1964 _K 1990 mvj ch `xN 27 eQi Kvive`x wQjb| Kviv
fvMi AwaKvsk mgq iveb xc wQjb|
The 46664 GKwU AIDS weivax cPviYv| (Gi inm njv wZwb 466 bs
Kqw` wQjb Ges mvj wQj 1964)
wZwb Yes for the Children Gi cwZvZv|
Zvi AvZRxebxg~jK `ywU M njv:
(i) A Long Walk to Freedom
(ii) Conversation with Myself
Quote:
Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use
to change the world.
91. Noam Chomsky: (bvqvg Pgw)
He is a Jew. (Bw` agvej^x)
He is an American Linguist, Philosopher and Logician.
Famous book: The Common Good
92. Orhan Pamuk: (Iinvb cvgyK)

wZwb Zzii jLK|
wZwb 2006 mvj bvej cyivi jvf Kib
Famous books:
(i) My Name is Red
(ii) The White Castle
(iii) The New Life
(iv) The Black Book Iinvb cvgyK
(v) The Museum of Innocence
(Ze Songs of Innocence KveMwU wjLQb ivgvwUK hyMi Kwe
William Blake)
93. O Henry:
Real Name : William Sidney Porter
He was an American short story writer
Famous short stories:
The Gift of the Magi (gvRvB)
Sixes and Sevens
Roads of Destiny William Sidney Porter
[Ze Man of Destiny (play) wjLQb G.B. Shaw]
Cabbage and Kings
The Four Million
The Voice of the City
The Ransom of the Red Chief
Hearts and Hands
Heart of the West
[Ze The Heart of Darkness (novel) wjLQb Joseph Conrad Ges
The Tell Tale Heart wjLQb Edgar Allan Poe]
94. Pandit Nehru: (cwZ RInijvj bni)

Zvi Dcvwa njv: PvPv (Chacha)
wZwb NAM (Non-Alliance Movement)
Gi AbZg cwZvZv|
Books:
(i) Discovery of India
(MwU wZwb fviZ Qvo Av`vjbi mgq RjLvbvq em wjLb)
(ii) Glimpses of World History RInijvj bni
Quote: The country is good if its universities are good.

(hw` `ki wekwe`vjqjv fvjv nq Ze `k fvjv nq)
95. Pablo Neruda: (cvejv bi`v)

He was Chilean (wPwj) poet, diplomat and politician.
wZwb 1971 mvj Nobel Prize jvf Kib|
Kjw^qvi JcbvwmK Mvweqj Mvwmqv gKR ZvK The Greatest Poet of
20th Century in any language wnme AvLvwqZ Kib|
(i) Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair
(ii) 100 Love Sonnets
Famous poem: Winter Garden
96. Pearl S. Buck: (cvj Gm evK)

Famous Female Novelist
wZwb mvwnZ Nobel cvIqv AvgwiKvi c_g bvix|
wZwb The Good Earth Dcbvmi Rb 1938 mvj Nobel jvf Kib|
GB DcbvmwU Chinese Life wbq jLv|
cjx Kwe Rmxg D`&`xbK Pearl S. Buck Gi mv_ Zzjbv Kiv nq|
Famous books/ novels:

i. The Big Wave
ii. Dragon Seed
iii. East Wind: West Wind
[Ze Ode to the West Wind (poem)
wjLQb P.B.Shelley]
iv. A House Divided
v. Command the Morning
97. Parvez Mosharraf:

Former President of Pakistan
Book: In the Line of Fire
[Ze The Wings of Fire (Autobiography)
wjLQb A.P.J. Kalam]
98. cvejv wcKvmv: (1881-1973)

Rb: bi gvjvMvq
ckv: wPKi
Rbwcq fviZxq wPKi gKeyj wd`v nvmbK
(1915-2011) fviZi cvejv wcKvmv ejv nq|
wekLvZ wkKgt
i) The Blue Room
ii) Old Guitarist (wMUvwi)
iii) Self Portorait
iv) There Danecrs
iv) Two Nudes
v) The young Ladies of Avignon MvqwbKv
vi) Guernica (MvqwbKv) [Ze evsjv`ki ciiv gYvjq cvY AewZ
kvgxg wkK`vii wbwgZ fvhi bvg- jv qwbKv]
99. R.K. Narayan:

Works:
(i) The Financial Expert
(ii) Waiting for the Mahatma (gnvZv)
(Ze Waiting for Godot bvg
weLvZ bvUKwU wjLQb mvgyqj eKU)
(iii) The Guide
100. Rudyard Kipling: (iWBqvW wKcwjs; 1856-1936)

He was a British journalist.
wZwb wk mvwnwZK wnme myLvwZ jvf Kib|
He was Indian descendent
(fviZxq eskvzZ) British novelist
Famous novel:
i) Kim
(In this spy story of a boy, an orphan in British India must make a
choice between east and west.)
ii) Plain Tales from the Hills
iii) Soldiers Three
iv) Just So Stories (Ze My Story MwU wjLQb Kgjv `vm)
v) The White Mans Burden (weLvZ KweZv)
vi) Captain Courageous
vii) The Jungle Book (1894 mvj; a collection of short stories; g~jZ GB
wkZvl MwUi Rb wZwb 1907 mvj bvej cyivi jvf Kib|)
Famous poems:
i) The Fight
ii) The Blue Roses
Famous quote:
East is east and west is west.
Never the twain shall meet.
101. wiPvW BUb:

Famous book: The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier
102. ingvb mvenvb:
CPD (Centre for Policy Dialogue) Gi cwZvZv|
Famous books:
a) From Two Economics to Two Nations:
My Journey to Bangladesh
b) Untranquil Recollections:
The Years of Fulfilment (wZK_v)
103. Steve Jobs: (wf Rem, 1955-2011)

wekLvZ chyw cwZvb Avcj Gi mn-cwZvZv
an American information technology entrepreneur and inventor.
weLvZ Dw: Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a
follower. (A_vr bZzb wKQz Kivi gZv bZv I Abymvixi ga cv_K Mo `q)
104. Sun Tzu: (myb Ry)
cvPxb PwbK `vkwbK, mgibvqK
weLvZ M: The Art of War
105. Sully Prodhomme: (mywj cavg)
First Noble prize winner in literature
106. Seamus Heaney:
He is Irish poet and playwright
Novels/ works:
(i) Death of a Naturalist
(ii) Field work
(iii) Human Chain
(iv) Punishment
Seamus Heaney
Famous poems: Digging, Follower, Midterm Break
107. Salman Rushdi:

A British Indian novelist and essayist
Books:
(i) Satanic Verses
(ii) Midnights Children
(iii) Shame mvjgvb iyk`x
108. Sheikh Hasina:
The honourable incumbent prime minister of Bangladesh
Famous books:
(i) Who is the Father of My Son (1972)
(ii) Iiv UvKvB Kb (1989)
(iii) evsjv`k îZi Rb (1993)
(iv) People and Democracy (1997)
(v) Democracy in Distress (2003)
(vi) mnbv gvbeZvi Aegvbbv (2003)
(vii) Avgiv RbMYi K_v ejZ GmwQ
(viii)Living with Tears (2004)
(ix) Sheikh Mujib Amar Pita (an autobiographical memoir)
(x) meyR gvV cwiq
109. Sigmund Freud: (wmMg dqW)

Famous Austrian Neurologist
and Psycho-analyst
ZvK AvaywbK gbvwevbi /
gbvweklY Zi RbK ejv nq|
JcbvwmK gvwbK e`vcvavq c_g Rxeb dqwWq gZev` viv cfvweZ
wQjb| Ze cieZxZ wZwb gvKwmRg viv cfvweZ nb| dqWi gZ,
Everythig is controled
Books: by sex.
(i) Psycho-pathology in Everyday Life Kvj gvi gZ,
(ii) Interpretation of Dream Everythig is controled
by money.
110. Sir Arthur Miller: (mvi Av_vi wgjvi; 1915-2005)

weLvZ AvgwiKvb bvUKvi
Plays:
(i) The Death of a Sales Man
(ii) A View form the Bridge
(iii) All My Sons
111. Stephen Hawking: (wdb nwKs)
Rb: 8 Rvbyqvix 1942, weUb
wZwb eZgvb gUi wbDib ivM Avv
eZgvb weki ZvwK c`v_ wevbx
wZwb Big Bang Zi evLvKviK;
(Ze Big Bang Zi cev wQjb RR jvgUvi)
Famous Books:
(i) A Brief History of Time (Kvji msw BwZnvm)|
(ii) The Theory of Everything
(iii) The Universe in a Nutshell (msc)|
112. Saul Bellow:
He is an American novelist.
wZwb 1976 mvj mvwnZ bvej cyivi jvf Kib
Novels:
(i) Seize the Day
Gi Theme njv: Live the present to the fullest (eZgvbK DcfvM KiZ wkLyb)
(ii) The Adventure of Arabic March
113. Samuel Beckett:
wZwb Irish born dramatist wK English I French fvlvq wjLZb|
Famous plays:
(i) Waiting for Godot (Absurd Play)
(ii) Endgame
(iii) Murphy
[Becketts first published novel is an absurdist masterpiece, a
showcase for his uniquely comic voice.]
(iv) The Unnamable
(v) Breathe [The shortest dramatist work of Beckett]
(vi) Catastrophe
(vii) More Pricks than Kicks (a short story collection)
weLvZ Dw: Nothing to be done.
114. Selma Lagerlof: (mjgv jMid)
wZwb mvwnZ bvej cvIqv c_g bvix mvwnwZK| wZwb myBwWk fvlvq
wjLZb| wZwb 1909 mvj bvej cyivi jvf Kib|
115. Samuel Huntington: (nvwUsUb; April 18, 1927 December 24, 2008)
He was an influential American conservative political scientist,
adviser and academic.
He spent more than half a century
at Harvard University.
Zvi weLvZ ceM:
The Clash of the Civilization: The Next Pattern of Conflict
[1993 mvj cKvwkZ GB ce nvwUsUb fwelZ mvZwU mfZvi i K_v
ejQb| vqyhyvi wek mfZvi msNvZ (Clash of Civilization) ne ej
wZwb gb Kib|]
116. Salvador Dali: (1904-1989)
A prominent Spanish surrealist painter
vbxq cieveev`x wPKi
wPKg:
The Persistence of Memory
(` cviwmmU Ae gvgix)
The Elephants
Crucifixion
117. mq` gyRZev Avjx:

Kveyj knii Kvwnbx wbq jLv Zvi weLvZ gY Kvwnbx `k-we`k
MwUi BsiwR Abyev` KiQb mvsevw`K bRm AvdivR In a Land
Far from Home: A Bengali in Afganistan bvg|
118. mq` Avjx Avnmvb: (1992-2002)

wZwb evsjv`ki RvZxq msMxZi BsiwR Abyev`K|
wZwb MxK bvUKvi mdvwKmi (Sophocles) jLv
UvRwW CwWcvm (Oedipus Rex) Gi evbyev` Kib|
wZwb AvgwiKvi RvZxq Kwe BUgvbi KweZv c_g evsjvq Abyev` Kib|
119. mq` IqvjxDjvn&: (1922-1971)
Zvi jvjmvjy Dcbvmi BsiwR Abyev` : Tree Without Roots (1967)
jvjmvjy DcbvmwUi divwm Abyev`- juv Aiei mvgm gvqgu(1961);
Abyev`K: Zvi x Avb gwi|
Zvi weLvZ bvUK The Ugly Asian (K`h Gkxq) Gi Abyev`K wkeeZ egY|
120. kvqv BKivgyjvn:

Novel: From Purdah to Parliament
121. T.S. Eliot: (1888-1965)

cyiv bvg: Thomas Stearns Eliot
Born : USA in 1888
wesk kZKi AbZg cfvekvjx Kwe, bvUKvi I mvwnZ mgvjvPK
wZwb gv
ewUk bvMwiKZ jvf Kib 1927 mvj|
wZwb Theory of objective co-relative Gi Rb weLvZ|
gwnjv Kwe Ezra Pound Zvi Literary Collaborator wQjb|
Zvi weLvZ KweZv njv The Waste Land ( M ; 1922 mvj jLv)
GB KweZvq Hindu Myth/ Allusion of Philosophy cvIqv hvq|

AvaywbK mvwnZ Abb Ae`vbi ^xKwZ îc wZwb 1948 mvj bvej cyivi jvf
Kib|
g~jZ The Waste Land ejZ wZwb eZgvb cw_exK eywSqQb|
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Zvi weLvZ GKwU KweZv|
| GwU AvaywbK
mvwnZi AbZg k WvgvwUK gbvjM (bvUKxq GKK fvlYi KweZv)|
Tradition and Individual Talent Zvi weLvZ mgvjvPbv M|
BwjqU Gi M c_g evsjvq Abyev` Kib iex`bv_ VvKzi|
iex`bv_i Zx_hvv KweZvwU BwjqUi Journey of the Magi Gi Abyev`|
iex`bv_i ci gvKmev`x Kwe wez ` Abyev` Kib BwjqUi KweZv bvg
BwjqU Gi KqKwU weLvZ KweZv|
The poem Waste Land consists of important five parts:
(i) The Burial of the Dead (April is the cruelest month)
(ii) A Game of Chess
(iii) The Fire Sermon
(iv) Death by Water
(v) What the Thunder Said
Famous plays of Eliot:
(i) Murder in the Cathedral (k bvUK)
(ii) The Cocktail Party
(Ze The Birthday Party bvUKwU wjLQb: Harold Pinter)
(iii) The Trail of a Judge
(iv) The Family Reunion
Other famous poems of Eliot:
The Hollow Men (1925)
Gerontion (It narrates the opinions and impressions of a gerontic, or
elderly man, through a dramatic monologue which describes Europe
after World War I through the eyes of a man who has lived the
majority of his life in the 19th century.)
Ash Wednesday (1930)
Four Quartets (1945)
122. Thomas Carlyle: (Ugvm KvjvBj, Scottish philosopher)

Books:
(i) The French Revolution
(ii) Past and Present
Quotes:
(i) Speech is great, silence is greater.
(K_v ejv fvj, Pyc _vKv ewk fvjv)
(ii) Popular opinion is the greatest lie.
(cw_exZ mePq eo wg_v nQ RbgZ)
(iii) A loving heart is the beginning of all knowledge.
(iv) Go as far as you can see; when you get there you'll be
able to see farther.
(v) A man lives by believing something: not by debating and
arguing about many things.
123. Ted Hughes: (UW wnDR)
cyiv bvg Edward James Hughes
wZwb GKRb wk mvwnwZK wQjb
Zvi `k: England
wZwb 1984-1998 (gZz ch) poet Laureate wQjb|
Famous poems:
Pike (cvBK; gvQ) UW wnDR
Jaguar (Rvqvi; evN)
Relic
Thought Fox
Examination at the Womb Door
A Childish Prak
Daffodils (Ze The Daffodils bvg ivgvwUK hyMi Kwe IqvWm&Iqv_iI GKwU
weLvZ KweZv iqQ)
124. Toni Morrison:
An American novelist, editor & professor
wZwb Kv wQjb|
Famous novels:
Beloved
Song of Solomon
The Bluest Eye (GB Dcbvmi Rb wZwb 1993 mvj bvej cyivi jvf Kib)
125. Tahmima Anam:

wZwb The Daily Star Gi mv`K gvndzR
Avbvgi Kbv Ges Aveyj gbmyi Avng` Gi bvZbx|
gywhywfwK Zvi BsiwR qx Dcbvm njv:
i) A Golden Age (mvbvSiv w`b)
ii) The Good Muslim
iii) The Bones of Greece (GwU Zvnwggv Avbvgi qx Dcbvmi kl ce)
126. Thomas Usk:
A petty bureaucrat, scrivener, and author
127. V. S. Neipaul: (we`vai m~hcm v` bvBcj)

Famous novels:
(i) The Enigma of Arrival
(ii) India : A Wounded Civilization
(iii) The Masque of Africa bvBcj
128. Virginia Woolf: (fvwRwbqv Djd)

She was a famous female novelist.
wZwb Presentation of inner realities
Gi Rb weLvZ|
wZwb Mvcb AvZnZv KiwQjb|
Zvi k Fiction njv-
A Room of Ones Own fvwRwbqv Djd
Zuvi kZg Essay njv- Shakespeares Sister (cavb Pwi- Judith)
Famous novels of Virginia Woolf:
(i) The Voyage Out (c_g cKvwkZ)
(ii) To the Light House (Ze The Light House bvg GKwU
QvUM wjLQb Edgar Allan Poe)
(iii) Mrs. Dalloway (a psychological novel)

(Clarrisa Ges Peter- `ywU iZc~Y Pwi)|
(iv) The Waves
(v) A Haunted House
(vi) Night and Day
(vii) The Years
(viii) Orlando : A Biography
Famous quote:
'As a woman, I have no country.
As a woman, I want no country.
As a woman, my country is the whole world.'
129. Victor Hugo: (Mv, 1802-1885)

A French novelist and politician.
c
Novel:
(i) Les Miserable (jv wgRviej)
(ii) The Hunchback of Notre - Dame
Famous quote-
Men are the womens playthings
But women are devils'.
130. fvw`wgi BwjP Dwjqvbvf (jwbb): (1870-1924)

A Russian communist revolutionary, politician, & political theorist.
He was the most translated authour in the world in 2005.
ivwkqvi ejkwfK wecei bZv (Zvi Qbvg- jwbb)
1917 mvj ik wecei bvqK|
wZwb New Economic Policy (NEP) ceZb Kib|
weLvZ M: The state and Revolution
Dw: mvvRev` cyuwRevì mevP i|
131. William Golding:

A famous British novelist
Novels:
(i) Lord of the Flies
(ii) The Scorpion God
(wZbwU Novella Gi mg^q)
(iii) The Pyramid
(iv) The Paper Men
(v) Darkness Visible
132. W. B. Yeats:
Full Name: William Butler Yeats
He is the national poet of Ireland.
He was a famous critic, poet
and dramatist.
He is famous for symbolism (cZxwKev`) and mysticism
(AZxw`qev`).
He was a senator and a poet who won the Nobel Prize for
literature.
(i) The Wild Swans at Coole (Kzj)
(ii) The Tower
(iii) The Cat and the Moon
Ze The Moon and Sixpence DcbvmwU
wjLQb William Somerset Maugham (gg)|
Famous poems:
(i) The Second Coming (hx wLi cZveZbK eySvbv nqQ)
(ii) A Prayer for My Daughter (Ze Daughter of the East eBwU
wjLQb ebRxi fv)
(iii) Easter 1916 (Avqvijvi ^vaxbZv nv wbq jLv)

(iv) A Prayer for Old Age
(v) The Lake Isle of Innisfree (Bwbm&wd)
(wZwb knii Kvjvnj Qo wbRb bmwMK vb BwbmwdZ Pj hZ PqQb)
(vi) No Second Troy (bvixNwUZ welq wbq cw_exZ Avi hb Uqi
gZv asmjxjv bv NU)
(vii) A Dream of Death
(viii) Leda and the Swan
(ix) The Sailing to Byzantium (evBRwUqvg)
W.B. Yeats I iex`bv_ cm:

MxZvwji BsiwR Abyev` iex`bv_ VvKzi wbRB KiQb Song Offerings
bvg| GZ 157 wU MxZi ga 103 wUi Abyev` iqQ|
1912 mvj London Gi Indian society GwU c_g cKvk Kib|
1912 mvj W. B. Yeats Song Offerings Gi f~wgKv wjLb|
1913 mvj iex`bv_ VvKzi mvwnZ Nobel cyivi jvf Kib|
1923 mvj W. B. Yeats mvwnZ Nobel cyivi jvf Kib|
AvRwUbvi gwnjv Kwe, Victoria Ocampo K iex`bv_ weRqv Dcvax `b
Ges ZvK c~iex Kve DrmM Kib| iex`bv_K wekKwe Awfavq c_g Awfwl
Kib ivgvb Kv_wjK cwZ eeve Dcvavq| wZwb evsjv`k, fviZ Ges kxjsKv
GB 3 wU `ki RvZxq mxZi iPwqZv| Avi National poets of India njb
Kvwj`vm, Zzjmx `vm Ges iex`bv_ VvKzi|
W.B. Yeats Rxebvb` `vm cm:

W.B Yeats Gi Falling of the Leaves Gi mv_ a~mi
cvzwjwci wgj cvIqv qvq|
He Reproves the Carlow Gi mv_ nvq wPj KweZvi wgj cvIqv hvq|
Rxebvb` `vkK wbq MelYv KiQb- wKUb we wmwj
133. William Hunter:

Famous book: The Indian Muslims
(Ze The Good Muslim eBwU wjLQb Tahmima Anam)
134. W.H. Auden:
cyiv bvg : Weston Hugh Auden
Born in England but settled in the USA
Play: The Dog Beneath the Skin
Poems:
(i) Lullaby (jvjvevB; Nygcvovwb Mvb)
(ii) The Shield of Achilles (AvwKwjmi Xvj) Auden
(iii) In Memory of W.B. Yeats (Elegy; BqU&mi gZz wbq jLv)
(iv) The Age of Anxiety (weLvZ KweZv)
135. William Somerset Maugham: (mgvimU gg)

An English Novelist who studied Medicine but never
practiced in life.
Short stories:
(i) The Ant and the Grasshopper
(wcucov I Nvmdwos)
(ii) The Luncheon (jvb; gavfvR)
Novels:
(i) Of Human Bondage mgvimU gg
(This semi-autobiographical novel shows the authors savage
honesty and gift for storytelling at their best.)
(ii) The Moon and Sixpence
(iii) The Sacred Flame
(iv) The Razors Edges
(v) Cakes and Ale
(vi) Liza of Lambeth
136. Wole Soyinka: (Ij mywqv)

An African novelist
1986 mvj wZwb bvej cyivi jvf Kib|
Famous Books:
(i) The Lion and the Jewel
(ii) The Road
137. Wallace Stevens (October 2, 1879 August 2, 1955)

He was an American Modernist poet
Some of his best-known poems:
The Emperor of Ice-Cream,"
Sunday Morning,
The Snow Man
Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird"
138. Winston Churchill: (DBbb PvwPj)

2q wekhyi mgq weUbi cavbgx wQjb
A statesman/ political leader of
the UK but awarded Nobel prize
in literature in 1953
1953 mvj hyiv KZK ZvK An honorary citizen of the USA wnme
mvbm~PK Dcvwa Ìqv nq|
Famous books:
a) History of the Second World War
b) Into Battle
PvwPj Gi Dw: i) I hate Indians.

They are beastly people with a beastly language.
ii) When there is no enemy within, the enemies outside can't hurt.
139. William Faulkner: (dK&bvi)

He was an American writer
Famous novels: dK&bvi
(i) The Sound and Fury

(Zvi k Dcbvm)
(ii) Light in August
(iii) Absalom, Absalom
(iv) As I Lay Dying
[The influence of William Faulkners immersive tale of raw
Mississippi rural life can be felt to this day.]
(v) A Rose for Emile
Famous plays:
(i) Soldiers Play
(ii) Mosquitoes
140. Walt Whitman, Robert Frost & Emily Dickinson:

GB wZbRbK AvgwiKvi RvZxq Kwe wnme MY Kiv nq|
Robert Frost Gi GKwU weLvZ KweZv : Road Not Taken, Mending
Wall, Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening, Christmas
Trees etc. euP _vKv AevqB U d (1924, 1931,
1937, 1943)
Robert Frost K wesk kZvxi AvgwiKvi k Kwe ejv nq|
BUgvbi weLvZ KweZv: Leaves of Grass, Songs of Myself
f&
ev c
wWwKbmbi weLvZ KweZv: Im nobody! Who are you?, Because I
could not stop for Death, I had no time to hate because, How
happy I was if I could forget, Heaven is what I cannot reach!
Whitman Gi Dw:
If anything is sacred, human body is sacred.
Famous quote of Robert frost:

1. The woods are lovely dark and deep
But I have promises to keep
And miles to go before I sleep (Stopping by Woods on
And miles to go before I sleep a Snowy Evening)
2. Two roads diverged in a wood, and II took the one
less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.
(Road Not Taken)
3. Good fences make good neighbors. (Mending Wall)
4. Home is the place where, when you have to go there,
they have to take you in. (Home Burial)
gb ivLyb:
The Death of the Hired Man (poem): wjLQb Robert Frost
Death of a Salesman (play): wjLQb Arthur Miller
The whole world is a book.

The man, who doesn't travel,
reads the one page of the book.
-Saint Augusten
Please share your opinion:

Follow me : sharif_bmc@yahoo.com (Inbox)
Kvb Z_ wevU cwijwZ njB: 01728395949 (SMS)
GK bRi iZc~Y mvwnwZKì Dcvwa:

01. Caedmon : First Known poet in English
02. Alfred the Great : The founder of English prose/
The law governing
03. Venerable Bade : Father of English learning
04. John Wycliffe : Father of English prose/ first translated
Bible into English
05. Dante : The father of Italian language
06. Geoffrey Chaucer : Father of modern English poetry/
Father of English literature
07. Christopher Marlowe : The father of English Drama / Tragedy
08. Sir Thomas Wyatt : The father of English sonnet
09. Ben Jonson : The father of Comedy of humors
10. Thomas Kyd : The father of English Revenge play
11. Francis Bacon : The father of modern essay/ Natural
Philosopher
12. Edmund Spenser : The poet of poets
13. Galileo : The father of modern astronomy
14. William Shakespeare : Bard of Avon and poet of human nature
15. John Donne : Poet of love
16. Robert Herrick : The greatest cavalier poet
17. Jonathan Swift : The greatest satirist in English
18. John Milton : The master of epic/ epic poet
19. Alexander pope : Mock heroic poet
20. John Dryden : Father of modern English criticism
21. Henry Fielding : The father of English novel
22. Dr. Samuel Johnson : The father of English Dictionary
23. Thomas Gray : The Graveyard poet
24. Sir Walter Scott : The father of both the Regional &
Historical Novels
25. William Wordsworth : The Poet of Nature / Childhood
[Gfve evwKjv eB _K wbR wgwjq wbb]

Aviv wKQz iZc~Y Z_:

1. Socrates, Plato Ges Aristotle GB wZbRb `vkwbKK Wise men of the old ejv nq|
2. gb ivLyb: Socrates> Plato> Aristotle>Alexander the Great
3. Father of Knowledge (vbi wcZv) ejv nq- mwUmK|
4. MYZB mevrK kvmb eev- jW evBm|
5. mwUmi Virtue of knowledge Zi cwZdjb NUvbvi Rb cUv G_
GKvWwg MVb Kib Lc~e 385 A|
6. MxK mvwnZi RbK njb Aeschylus (GvBjvm)|
7. Know Thyself (wbRK Rvbv)- mwUm|
8. I to die, you to live which is better only God knows- (ngjK wel nvZ wbq
mwUmi kl Dw)|
9. cUi DjLhvM M- w` wicvewjK, Umgvb I WvqjMm|
10. cUvi MnwkK wQjb mwUm|
11. BwZnvm nQ AwfRvZ kwYi mgvwa- GwiUj|
12. kw bq, BQvB ivi wfw - GwiUj|
13. GwiUji MnwkK wQjb cUv|
14. weLvZ zj Ae wdjvmwd mvq'i cwZvZv- GwiUj|
15. msweavb nQ iv KZK gbvbxZ c~Yv Rxeb weavb (GwiUj) |
16. GwiUj cwZwZ wkv `vb Kì bvg- jvBwmqvg (Lyceums)|
17. cvPxb MxK bvUKvi mdvwKm (Sophocles) 100 wUi I ewk bvUK wjLb|
18. BwjqvW I IWwm gnvKve `ywUi iPwqZv njb- nvgvi|
19. cvPxb Mxmi RvZxq Kwe wQjb nvgvi (Rbv) |
20. GwiUji (weLvZ) Mjv njv- The Politics, The Poetics, The Etheics the
logic, w` ivUvwiK The Constituton of Athence.
20. MxK bvUKvi mdvwKmi kZg bvUK njv CwWcvm (Oedipus Rex).
21. BwZnvmi RbK nivWUvm wLc~e, 484 A eZgvb Zzii ivìvg RbMnY Kib|
22. cvPxb MxK BwZnvmwe` LyKzfvBwWm K wevbmZ BwZnvmi RbK ejv nq|
23. GwUMb I Bjv bvUKvi mdvwKmi `ywU weLvZ UvRwW|
24. wMK weLvZ MwYZwe` wc_vMvivm wLc~e 6 kZK RbMnY Kib|
25. wLc~e 5g kZK Rb bb wevbx GbvvMvivm I wPwKrmv wevbx wncvwUm|
26. cvPxb ivgvb Kwe fvwRji gnvKve BwbW e fvlvi Ab~w`Z nq|
27. cvwYwevbi RbK GwiUji Qv w_Ddvvm wQjb Dw` wevbi RbK|
28. myjZvb gvngyì mfvKwe gnvKwe di`wmi gnvKvei bvg kvnbvgv (dviwm fvlvq)|
29. wgkixq RvwZwevbx Ujwgi (Ptolemy) (Rb 90 L:) weLvZ M Almagest |
30. Knowledge is virtue (vbB cyY)-mwUm|
31. An unexamined life is not worth living- (mwUm)|
32. iv njv cwievii mmvwiZ dj- Aristotle.
33. Imagination is more important than knowledge (Kbvkw vb Acv

iZc~Y; Einstein)
34. Man is the measure of all things. (cvUMvivm)
35. Man is by nature a political animal- Aristotle.
36. A friend is to all is a friend to none- (Aristotle).
37. Rxe wevb I ivwevbi RbK GwiUj|
38. Eureka, Eureka (I have found it)- AvwKwgwWm|
39. cvPxb Mxmi wZbRb weLvZ bvUKvi njb mdvwKm, BDwiwcwWm Ges GvBjvm|
40. gnvexi AvjK&Rvvii mbvcwZi bvg mjyKvm|
41. Necessity is the mother of invention- (Plato).
42. At the touch of love everyone becomes a poet- (cUv)|
43. A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new-(Albert
Einstein).
44. wkv nQ `n, gb I AvZvi mylg weKvk- gnvZv Mvx|
45. my Afvm MVbi bvgB wkv- ikv|
46. Our first love and last love is self love.-Bovey
47. Do not read success stories, you will get only message. Read failure
stories, you will get some ideas to get success. (A.P. J. Abdul Kalam)
48. The most wasted day in life is the day in which we have not laughed.
(Charlie Chaplin)
49. Kwe Virgil Gi weLvZ gnvKvei bvg- Aeneid (CwbW)|
50. Socrates believed that an angry man was equal to a beast.
51. The theme of Iliad is: The Wrath (Anger) of Achilles
52. Dying words of Socretis were: 'Crito, I owe a cock to Ascleping;
will you remember to the debt?'
53. 'The government is the best which governs least.'
-Henry David Thoreau
54. Achilles was a great Greek fighter.
55. 'An unexamined life is not worth living'- Socrates
56. Menelaus was the first husband of Helen of Troy.
57. Phoenix (wdwb) is a mythical bird regenerating from ashes.
58. Socrates believed that an angry man was equal to a beast.
59. Bibliography gvb M I iPbvejxi ZvwjKv|
60. City of Literature- GwWbevM|
61. Catastrophy gvbt The tragic end of dramatic events.
62. dvi RvZxq Kwet Pvjm ev`jqvi|
63. Achilles' Heel gvb one's weak point|
64. Prosody A_ Q`wevb, Q` cKiY|
Previous Questions
The Modern & The Post Modern Periods
01. 'Caesar and Cleopatra' is -- [12Zg wewmGm/ miKvwi gvawgK mn wkK-2011]
(a) a tragedy by Shakespeare (b) a play By G.B Shaw
(c) a poem by lord Byron (d) a novel by S.T. Coleridge Ans. b
02. Who among the following is a dramatist? [cevmx KjvY mn cwi- 2012]
(a) George Bernard Shaw (b) E. M. Forster
(c) T. S. Eliot (d) Stephen Spender Ans. a
03. George Bernard Shaw is--- [ciiv gYvjqi Aaxb ckvmwbK KgKZv- 2001]
(a) a playwright (b) a film-maker
(c) a historian (d) a modern painter Ans. a
04. Who is the author of the drama 'Joan of Arc?' [PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ
cixv- 2009-10/ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2010-11]
(a) G. B. Shaw (b) Lord Byron
(c) Charles Dickens (d) P. B. Shelly Ans. a
05. 'Man and Superman' eBwU Kvi jLv [kg I Kgmsvb gYvjq: 2010-11]
(a) William Shakespeare (b) G. B Shaw
(c) Leo Tolstoy (d) Gharles Dickens Ans. b
06. Who is the greatest English dramatist? [12Zg wewmGm]
(a) P. B. Shelley (b) Virginia Wolff
(c) G. B. Shaw (d) T. S. Eliot Ans. c
07. Who is the modern philosopher who was awarded Nobel Prize
for literature? [12Zg wewmGm]
(a) James Baker (b) Dr. Kissinger
(c) Bertrand Russell (d) Lenin Ans. c
08. Bertrand Russell was a British--- [kg Awaì kg KgKZv -2003]
(a) Journalist (b) Scientist
(c) Philosopher (d) Astronaut Ans. c
09. The author of 'Road to Freedom' is- [mvbvjx, RbZv I AMYx evsK-2008]
10. History of the II world war is written by-- [_vbv wkv Awdmvi- 2005]
(a) Keats (b) Winston Churchill
(c) Clinton (d) None of them Ans. b
11. Who wrote the short story 'The Gift of the Magi'?
(a) William Wordsworth (b) Nixon
(c) Jane Austen (d) O' Henry Ans. d
12. O' Henry is famous for- [kg I Kgmsvb gYvjqi Aaxb mnKvix kg Awdmvi- 2003]
(a) Drama (b) Short Story (c) Novel (d) France Ans. b
13. Who was the greatest modern American short story writer?
(a) E. Hemingway (b) S. Bellow
(c) W. A Longfellow (d) O' Henry Ans. d
14. Who wrote the Introduction to Rabindranath Tagore's Songs
Offerings? [mvbvjx evsK wmwbqi Awdmvi-2014]
(a) T. S Eliot (b) Auden (c) Ezra Found (d) W. B Yeats Ans. d
15. Famous Irish poet and dramatist is---- [Mnvqb I MYc~Z gYvjqi Avevmb
cwiìi mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2006/ Kviv ZveavqK (îv gYvjq) cixv- 2010]
(a) H. G. Wells (b) Alexander (c) Tolstoy (d) W. B. Yeats Ans. d
16. Who translated 'Gitanjoli' of Rabindranath Tagore in English?
[kg I Kgmsvb gbvjqi Aaxb gwWKvj Awdmvi- 2003]
(a) W. B. Yeats (b) John Keats
(c) Robert Frost (d) Ralph Hodgson Ans. a
17. 'The Sacred Flame' is written by--- [wcGmwmi mnKvix cwiPvjK 2006]
(a) William Somerset Maugham (b) G B Shaw
(c) Ernest Hemingway (d) Oscar Wilde Ans. a
18. Who is the author of the book 'Of Human Bondage'?
(a) Charles Dickens (b) Somerset Maugham
(c) Jane Austen (d) D. H. Lawrence Ans. b
19. What kind of literary work is The Luncheon by Somerset
Maugham? [Rjv `ybxwZ `gb Awdmvi c` wbevPbx cixv- 1994]
(a) A novel (b) A short story
(c) A poem (d) A scientific article Ans. b
20. What is the work of Winston Churchill? [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ - 2011-12]
(a) History of the Second World War
(b) History of the English Speaking People
(c) Life in Marlborough
(d) Far from the Madding Crowd Ans. a
21. In which year Winston Churchill got the Novel prize in
literature? [Rjv `ybxwZ `gb Awdmvi c` wbevPbx cixv- 1994]
(a) 1943 (b) 1945 (c) 1948 (d) 1953 Ans. d
22. Who was a statesman but awarded Nobel Prize in English Literature?
(a) Stalin (b) Nixon (c) Churchill (d) Roosevelt Ans. c
23. What was the real name of the great American short-story
writer, 'O Henry'? [13Zg wewmGm]
(a) Samuel L. Clemens (b) William Sydney Porter
(c) Fitz-James O Brien (d) William Huntington Wright Ans. b
24. One of the four mentioned below is not a novelist of Victorian Age-
(a) Charles Dickens (b) George Eliot
(c) James Joyce (d) Thomas Hardy Ans.c
25. What was the first novel of Virginia Woolf? [miKvwi gva we`v wkK- 2009]
(a) The Waves (b) To the light house
(c) The voyage out (d) Jacob's Room Ans. c
26. 'To the light house' eBwUi iPwqZv K?
(a) Jane Austen (b) Shakespeare
(c) S. T. Coleridge (d) Virginia Woolf Ans. d
27. 'The Rainbow' is---. [13Zg wewmGm]
(a) a poem by Wordsworth (b) a short story by Maugham
(c) a novel by D. H. Lawrence (d) a verse by Coleridge Ans. c
28. 'Lady Chatterley's Lover' is a novel written by- [cwZiv gYvjqi
Aaxb AvenvIqv Awaìi mnKvix AvenvIqvwe`-2007/ ciiv gYvjqi mvBdi Awdmvi- 2012]
(a) William Somerset Maugham (b) Thomas Hardy
(c) Charles Dickens (d) D. H. Lawrence Ans. d
29. The most striking feature of D.H. Lawrence's character is that-
(a) they almost portray himself (b) they live a very simple life
(c) they live a very simple life (d) they are sly of themselves Ans. a
30. D. H. Lawrence a famous novelist of Modern Age is not the author of
one of the four novels mentioned below : [wcGmwm mn-cwiPvjK 1998]
(a) The Rainbow (b) Lady Chatterley's Lover
(c) Sons and Lovers (d) Ulysses Ans. d
31. Any one of the following pairs is literary collaborators- [17Zg wewmGm]
(a) Eliot and Pound (b) Yeats and Eliot
(c) Pope and Dryden (d) Shelley and Keats Ans. a
32. T. S. Eliot was born in----
(a) Ireland (b) England (c) Wales (d) USA Ans. d
33. The literary work 'The Waste Land' is a- [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ -2011-12]
(a) poem by T.S Eliot (b) historical work by Charles Dickens
(c) play by P.B. Shelley (d) None Ans. a
34. In which poem do you find Hindu allusion of philosophy?
(a) Kubla Khan (b) The Patriot
(c) The Waste Land (d) The Cloud Ans. c
35. Who wrote 'The waste Land'? [Rbkw Kgmsvb I cwkY eyivi Dc-cwiPvjK- 2007]
(a) W. B. Yeats (b) Robert Forst
(c) W. H. Auden (d) T. S. Eliot Ans. d
36. According to most of the critics who is not a romantic poet?
(a) John Keats (b) T. S. Eliot
(c) Rabindranath Tagore (d) William Wordsworth Ans. b
37. 'Murder in the Cathedral' is written by--- [vY I cybevmb Awa -2006]
(a) Harold Pinter (b) T. S Eliot
(c) G. B. Shaw (d) Samuel Beckett Ans. b
38. Who is famous for the theory of 'Objective Co-relative'?
(a) Virginia Woolf (b) William Somerset Maugham
(c) Edward Morgan Forster (d) T. S Eliot Ans. d
39. Who of the following was a poet? [WvK I Uwj. gYvjq- 2003]
(a) T. S Eliot (b) Charles Dickens
(c) Jane Austen (d) G. B Shaw Ans. a
40. T. S. Eliot is an English poet who is famous for the
sensuousness. What do. T. S stand for? [gva. mn cavb wkK c-03]
(a) Thomas Stearns (b) Thompson Simson
(c) Thomas Stewart (d) Thomas Stephen Ans. a
41. T. S Eliot is a---- poet. [mve iwRvi c` wbevPbx cixv-2001]
(a) Romantic (b) Victorian
(c) Modern (d) Post-modern Ans. c
42. 'The Waste Land' is- [cv_wgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK wbqvM cixv- 1992]
(a) a drama (b) a poem (c) a novel (d) an essay Ans. b
43. A Russian author who refused Nobel Prize [îv gYvjqi Kviv ZveavqK- 2010]
(a) Maxim Gorky (b) Ruskin
(c) Alexander Solzhenitsyn (d) Boris Pasternak Ans. d
44. Dr. Zivago- eBqi jLKi bvg KvbwU? [cavbgx Kvhvjq cvmvbvj Awdmvi- 2004]
(a) Boris Pasternak (b) Leo Tolstoy
(c) Rabindranath Tagore (d) Dante Ans. a
45. 'The Good Earth' has been written by-[evsjv`k ijIq mnKvix KgvU- 2007]
(a) Viginia Wolff (b) George Eliot
(c) Charles (d) Pearl S. Buck Ans. d
46. Who is the author of 'For Whom the Bell Tolls'? [11Zg wewmGm]
(a) Charles Dickens (b) Homer
(c) Lord Tennyson (d) Ernest Hemingway Ans. d
47. American female novelist Pearl S. Buck got Nobel Prize in 1938
for the book--- [cavbgxi Kvhvjq I gwcwil` Kvhvjq ckvmwbK KgKZv- 2004]
(a) The Good Earth (b) House Divided
(c) The Patriot (d) De Cameron Ans. a
48. Nobel Prize winner American woman novelist is- [Z_ g. 2006]
(a) Bronte (b) Austen (c) Woolf (d) Pearl S. Buck Ans. d
49. "Into the ___ of death rode the six hundred".
(a) city (b) tunnel (c) road (d) valley Ans. d
50. 'Melodrama' is a kind of play of[`ybxwZ `gb eyiv- 2004]

(a) violent and sensational themes (b) historical themes
(c) philosophical themes (d) pathetics themes Ans. a
51. What is an epic? [miKvwi gvawgK we`vjq cavb wkK wbqvM cixv-1997]
(a) a prose composition (b) a romance
(c) a novel (d) a long poem Ans. d
52. A Fantasy isPMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2010-2011]
(a) An imaginary story (b) A funny film
(c) A real life event (d) A funny place Ans. a
53. Readers who have electic tastes in literature [Xvwe- 2010-2011]
(a) read strange books (b) read a wide variety of books
(c) read books on just one topic (d) do not read books Ans. b
54. Choose the one which does not fit in[Xvwe. fwZ cixv- 2010-2011]
(a) sonnet (b) ode (c) stanza (d) elegy Ans. c
55. 'Blank Verse' is a kind of verse [/îv gYvjqi Kviv ZveavqK-2010]
(a) having blanks in the verse (b) having no rhyming end
(c) having no significance (d) having no rhythmic flow Ans. b
56. Blank Verse A_ [mgvRKjvY gYvjqi mgvRmev Awa. mgvRmev Awdmvi-2010]
(a) Abycv m (b) Awgvi (c) cqvi (d) gnvKve Ans. b
57. A drama is a/an [kg cwiìi RbmsLv I cwievi KjvY KgKZv-2009]
(a) novel retold in dialogue (b) magical performances on the stage
(c) fairy tale (d) story translated into action Ans. b
58. Which word does not relate to literature? [kg I Kgmsvb gY]
(a) epilogue (b) monologue
(c) prologue (d) demagogue Ans. d
59. Canto ejZ wK eySv hvq? [mnKvix _vbv cwievi cwiKbv Awdmvi-1998]
(a) `xN KweZvi GKwU eK (b) bvUKi A
(c) gnvKvei wefvM (d) Awgvi Q` iwPZ KweZv Ans. c
60. Earnest Hemingway is a famous-- [mnKvix _vbv wkv Awdmvi cixv- 2010]
(a) British novelist (b) Irish novelist
(c) American Novelist (d) Latin American Novelist Ans. c
61. Earnest Hemingway is the author of--
(a) The old man and the sea (b) the Invisible Man
(c) Arms and the Man (d) A doll's House Ans. a
62. Who writes 'Waiting for Godot'? [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2099-10]
(a) Bertolt Brecht (b) Samuel Beckett
(c) Henric Ibsen (d) Samuel Bulter Ans. b
63. Who Wrote 'The Birthday Party'? [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2009-10]
(a) James Joyce (b) G. B. Shaw
(c) Harold Pinter (d) Jane Austen Ans. c
64. Who authored that statement "Injustice anywhere is a threat
to justice everywhere"? [PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2012-13]
(a) Harold Laski (b) Martin Luther King
(c) Tocqueville (d) Abraham Lincoln Ans. b
65. "I have a ___ that one day this nation will live out the true
meaning of its creed that all man are created equal." [29Zg wewmGm]
(a) desire (b) hope (c) dream (d) wish Ans. c
66. Who is the author of 'The Old Man and the Sea'?
[kg Awaì kg Awdmvi 1994/ewikvj wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2010-2011]
(a) H. Melvile (b) George Orwell
(c) Charles Dickens (d) E. Hemingway Ans. d
67. Who is the author of the novel 'The Sun also Rises'?
(a) H. G. Wells (b) George Orwell
(c) Ernest Hemingway (d) Thomas Hardy Ans. c
68. Nobel Prize winner in literature 'Harold Pinter' is from- [cwiKbv
Ges cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjqi mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2006]
(a) Us (b) Australia (c) UK (d) Canada Ans. c
69. "Justice delayed is justice denied" was state by___ [11Zg wewmGm]
(a) Shakespeare (b) Emerson
(c) Gladstone (d) John Keats Ans. C
70. 'But I have promises to keep
And miles to go before I sleep'- was written by- [Dc-mnKvix
cwiPvjK(kg) c` wbqvM cixv- 2001]
(a) T. S Eliot (b) W. B
(c) Robert Frost (d) Ted Huges Ans. c
71. Who authored the statement 'The government is the best which
governs least'?
(a) Hobart Spancer (b) Harold Laski
(c) Tocqueville (d) Henry David Thoreau Ans. d
72. Who said 'Man is a political animal'? [PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ - 2011-2012]
(a) Dante (b) Aristotle (c) Voltaire (d) Plato Ans. b
73. Whose dying words were, 'Crito, I owe a cock to Ascleping;
will you remember to the debt?' [DcRjv mgvRmev Awdmvi- 2008]
(a) Aristotle (b) Tules
(c) Socretes (d) Robert Louis Strvenson Ans. c
74. "Achilles" was--

(a) a great Trojan fighter (b) a great Greek fighter
(c) a great Roman fighter (d) husband of Helen Ans. b
75. Who said 'An unexamined life is not worth living'?
[AvenvIqv Awaìi Aaxb mnKvix AvenvIqvwe` wbqvM cixv- 1995]
(a) Socrates (b) Plato (c) Aristotle (d) Zeno Ans. a
76. England expects every man to do his duty- Who told it?
(a) Nelson (b) Churchill
(c) Wilson (d) Thatcher Ans. a
77. Adela is character in a novel written by [mnKvwi cwiPvjK gv`Kè
wbqK Awaì-2013]
(a) Joseph Conrad (b) James Joyce
(c) E.M. Forster (d) Rudyard Kipling Ans. c
78. A Russian author who refused Nobel Prize -[îv gYvjqi Kviv Zveavq- 2010]
(a) Maxim Gorky (b) Ruskin
(c) Alexander Solzhenitsyn (d) Boris Pasternak Ans. d
79. Who was a statesman but awarded Nobel Prize in English
Literature?
(a) Stalin (b) Nixon (c) Churchill (d) Roosevelt Ans. c
80. Who was the first husband of Helen of Troy? [DcRjv mgvRmev Awdmvi- 2008]
(a) Paris (b) Agamemnon
(c) Achilles (d) Menelaus Ans. d
81. According to the writer of 'A Mother in Mannville' which of
the following word best describes the character of Jerry-
[eMg ivKqv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2012-13]
(a) Brave (b) Honesty (c) Independence (d) Integrity Ans. d
82. Who is the modern philosopher who was awarded Nobel Prize
for literature?
83. Who among the following is not a recipient of the Nobel Prize
in Literature? [mvbvjx evsK wmwbqi Awdmvi- 2014]
(a) Rabindranath Togore (b) W. B Yeats
(c) T. S Eliot (d) Robert Browning Ans. d
84. Who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2013?
[mvbvjx evsK Awdmvi / Awdmvi Kvk)- 2014]
(a) Alce Munro (b) Gunter Grass
(c) Nadine Gordimer (d) V. S Naipaul Ans. a
85. Helen of Troy was the wife of---

(a) Agamemnon (b) Achilles
(c) Menelaus (d) Ulysses Ans. c
86. Award of Nobel Prize in Literature was started from the year-
[cv_wgK I MYwkv wefvM mnKvix cwiPvjK c` wbqvM cixv- 2001]
(a) 1901 (b) 1911 (c) 1913 (d) 1917 Ans. a
87. American female novelist Pearl S. Buck got Nobel Prize in 1938
for the book. [cavbgx Kvhvjq I gwcwil` Kvhvjq ckvmwbK KgKZv- 2004]
(a) The Good Earth (b) House Divided
(c) The Patriot (d) De Cameron Ans. a
88. Nobel Prize winner in literature 'Harold Pinter' is from-
[cwiKbv Ges cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgvb gYvjqi mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2006]
(a) US (b) Australia (c) UK (d) Canada Ans. c
89. Who was not awarded the Nobel Prize? [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) John Galsworthy (b) Orthan Pamuk
(c) Winston Churchill (d) Elizabeth Barrett Ans. d
90. Nobel Prize winner American woman novelist is- [Z_ gYvjqi Aaxb
evsjv`k Uwjwfkb Ges wevcb AaxKvwiK (MW-2) 2006]
(a) Bronte (b) Austen
(c) Woolf (d) Pearl S. Buck Ans. d
91. Who was awarded Nobel Prize for the poem 'The Waste Land'?
[wbevPbx cixv- 1992]
(a) D. H. Lawrence (b) Lord Tennyson
(c) T. S Eliot (d) William Wordsworth Ans. c
92. The 'Poet Laureate' is- [15Zg wewmGm]
(a) the best poet of the country
(b) a winner of the Noble Prize in poetry
(c) the Court Poet of England
(d) a classical poet. Ans. c
93. Of the following authors, one is American. Who is he?
(a) Alexander Pope (b) Daniel Defoe
(c) William Faulkner (d) Robert Browning Ans. c
94. Of the following who is the most translated author of the
world? [weGmwmi mnKvwi cwiPvjK- 2006]
(a) V. I. Lenin (b) Leo Tolsoty
(c) Agatha Cristie (d) Mao Tse Tung Ans. a
95. Who is the father of Modern English Literature? cv_wgK we`v- 2005]
(a) G. B. Shaw (b) Shakespare
(c) P.B. Shelley (d) William Wordswroth Ans. a

96. Who wrote Madame Bovary? [ciiv gYvjqi mvBdi Awdmvi-2012]
(a) Leo Tolstoy (b) James Joyce
(c) E.M/ Forster (d) Gustave Elaubert Ans. d
97. A Dolls House is written by [eMg ivKqv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) Francis Bacon (b) Henrick Ibsen
(c) E.M. Forster (d) R.K. Narayan Ans. b
98. My Experiments with Truth was written by- [PMvg wek fwZ- 2011-12]
(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Michael Anderson
(c) Winston Chrchill (d) James Morris Ans. a
99. The author of the book The Sense of an Ending-[Lyjbv wek.fwZ-11-12]
(a) Julian Barnes (b) Henry Fielding
(c) R.K. Narayan (d) Toas Transtromer Ans. a
100. Among the following who is not a poet? [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ c.-2011-12]
(a) Matthew Arnold (b) Robert Frost
(c) John Donne (d) Doris Lessing Ans. d
101. Who was not awarded the Nobel Prize? [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) John Galsworthy (b) Orhan Pamuk
102. Who wrote Crime and Punishment? [Bm. wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) George Eliot (b) Dostoyevsky
(c) Anglo Saxon (d) John Keats Ans. b
103. The Rape of Bangladesh [cavbgxi Kvhvjq cvmvbvj Awdmvi-2004]
(a) Anthony Mascarenhas (b) Matthew Arnold
(c) G.B. Shaw (d) Alexander Dumas Ans. a
104. The author of the famous book The Judgement is [PMvg
wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) Anthony Mascarenhas (b) Kuldip Nayer
(c) R. Venkataraman (d) Amrtya Sen Ans. b
105. Which phrase would best describe the cuckoo?
[RMbv_ wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) the scavenger of Nature (b) a bird that does not sleep at night
(c) the harbinger of spring (d) the queen of the forest Ans. c
106. The Asian Drama Mi iPwqZv K? - [23Zg wewmGm]
(a) AgZ mb (b) bvi wgiWvj
(c) gvBKj wjdUb (d) DBwjqvg iv Ans. b
107. Who is the author of India Wins Freedom? [10Zg wewmGm/Mnvqb I

MYc~Z gYvjqi Avevmb cwiìi mnKvix cwiPvjK-2006]
(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) J.L. Nehru
(c) Abul Kalam Azad (d) Moulana Akram Khan Ans. c
108. Who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2013?
[mvbvjx evsK Awdmvi/Awdmvi (Kvk)-2014]
(a) Alice Munro (b) Gunter Grass
(c) Nadine Gordimer (d) V.S. Naipaul Ans. a
109. Who wrote Wuthering Heights? [ciiv gYvjqi mvBdi Awdmvi-2012]
(a) Jane Austen (b) Emily Bronte
(c) Thomas Hardy (d) D.H. Lawrence Ans. b
110. Epics are divided into types. [RMbv_ wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2012-13]
(a) six (b) four (c) two (d) five Ans. c
111. The word Limerick means [PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2012-13]
(a) a form of light verse
(b) a form of dramatic monologue
(c) a kind of long narrative poem
(d) A kind of historical play Ans. a
112. An epic based onperformed by a hero [RMbv_ wek: fwZ cixv- 2012-13]
(a) heroic deeds (b) a narrative
(c) intervention (d) trifle subjects Ans. a
113. Rabindranath Tagore wrote. [RMbv_ wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2012-13]
(a) Balaka (b) Banalata sen
(c) Bidrahi (d) Chhar Patra Ans. a
114. The epic Odyssey was written by [eMg ivKqv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2012-13]
(a) Milton (b) Tennyson
(c) Homer (d) Shakespeare Ans. c
115. The only medium of literature is [RMbv_ wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2012-13]
(a) language (b) painting
(c) scuplture (d) architecture Ans. a
116. Kazi Nazrul Islam is thepoet of Bangladesh. [RvZxq wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2012-13]
(a) national (b) love (c) romantic (d) mystic Ans. a
117. Who is the author of the novel A Golden Age? [PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2012-13]
(a) Parl S. Bark (b) Tahmima Anam
(c) Virginia Wolf (d) Tony Morrison Ans. b
118. Emily Bronte is a [cvmcvU Awaìi mnKvix cwiPvjK-2011]
(a) poet (b) critic (c) novelist (d) scientist Ans. c
119. There is no one so poor as a wealthy miser. This is an example

of [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) paradox (b) synecdoche
(c) consonance (d) caesura Ans. a
120. The Wrath of Achilles is the theme of [îv gYvjqi Aaxb ewnivMgb I
cvmcvU Awaìi mnKvix cwiPvjK-2011]
(a) Aeneid (b) Iliad (c) Odyssey (d) Don Juan Ans. b
121. Who is the author of Around the World in Eighty Days?
[DcRjv mgvRmev Awdmvi-2008/gnvwnmve wbixK I wbqKi Kvhvjqi Aaxb AwWUi-2011]
(a) Sir A. Canon Doyle (b) Jules Verne
(c) Daniel Defoe (d) Robert Louis Stevenson Ans. b
122. Which Indian English Writer wrote A Suitable Boy? [îv
gYvjqi Aaxb ewnivMgb I cvmcvU Awaìi mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2011]
(a) Nirod C. Chanudhuri (b) Jhumpa Lehri
(c) Anita Desai (d) Vikram Seth Ans. d
123. Victor Hugo was a [miKvix gvawgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK wbqvM cixv-2011]
(a) English novelist (b) American novelist
(c) Scottish novelist (d) French novelist Ans. d
124. Which of the following is a story in verse? [PMvg wek. fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) elegy (b) ballad (c) ode (d) sonnet Ans. b
125. Phoenix is [îv gYvjqi Aaxb Avbmvi I wfwWwc Awaìi mvKj AvWRyUvU- 2010]
(a) an imaginery bullock (b) a mythical goat
(c) a mythical bird regenerating from ashes
(d) a dead mythical bird Ans. c
126. Socrates believed that an angry man was [UCB-2010]
(a) not superior (b) equal to a beast
(c) disliked by all (d) less human than beast Ans. b
127. Which one of the following is not true for Socrates wife?
[BDbvBUW Kgvwkqvj evsK-2010]
(a) She disturbed her husband
(b) She was not reasonable
(c) She would lose her temper frequently
(d) She did not insult Socrates Ans. d
128. Captive Lady Kvi iPbv?
[cjx we`yZvqb evW mnKvix cwiPvjK (A_) c` wbqvMv_ evQvB cixv-2010]
(a) DBwjqvg IqvWmI_ (b) wc.we. kjx
(c) gvBKj gaym~`b ` (d) jW evqib Ans. c
129. After thunder comes rain. Here thunder means [UCB-2010]
(a) a thunder bolt
(b) the loud and angry scolding of Socrates wife

(c) the laughter of the passersby
(d) a loud noise which usually follows a flash of lightening Ans. b
130. A mournful poem written on the death of someone love and
lost [bvkbvj evsK-2010]
(a) Homage (b) Ode (c) Saga (d) Elegy Ans. d
131. Nissim Ezekiel is a famous poet of [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2009-10]
(a) Israel (b) America (c) India (d) Nepal Ans. c
132. Kazi Nazrul Islam is apoet. [RvZxq wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) revolting (b) rebel
(c) rebellious (d) rebelling Ans. b
133. King Lear banished his youngest daughter Cordelia from his
Kingdom; but in the end, she became her only shelter. This is
an example of- [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv -2011-12]
(a) sarcasm (b) irony (c) hyperbole (d) metaphor Ans. b
134. When a poem has a speaker, what does a novel have?
[Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) narrator (b) character (c) author (d) speaker Ans. a
135. Rabindranath Tagore won Nobel Prize for writing
[RvZxq wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) plays (b) novels (c) poetry (d) short stories Ans. c
136. Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince eBwUi iPwqZ K? [cv_wgK
we`vjq mnKvix wkK-2005/kvnRvjvj wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2010-11]
(a) J.K Rowling (b) Sir Walter Scott
(c) Verginia (d) Alexander Dumas Ans. a
137. The hungry judges soon the sentence sign, And wretches hang
that jurymen may dine. This is an example of [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ
cixv-2011-12]
(a) a satire (b) an irony (c) a metaphor (d) a metonymy Ans. a
138. Who wrote the book The Kite Runner? [ivwe. fwZ cixv-2009-10]
(a) Salman Rushide (b) Khaled Hosseini
(c) Orhan Pamuk (d) None Ans. b
139. Things Fall Apart was written by [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2009-10]
(a) W.B. Yeats (b) Chinua Achebe
(c) Wole Soyinka (d) V.S. Naipaul Ans. b
140. Homers Iliad is a/an [kg cwiìi RbmsLv I cwievi KjvY KgKZv-2009]
(a) Novel (b) Drama (c) Epic (d) Epilogue Ans. c
141. Satanic Verses is written by [kg cwi. RbmsLv I cwievi KjvY KgKZv-2009]
(a) Arundhati Roy (b) R.K. Narayan
(c) Salman Rushdie (d) Thumpa Lathiri Ans. c

142. 'Mending Wall' KweZvwUi iPwqZv K? [cv_wgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK-2001]
(a) William Shakespeare (b) William Wordworth
(c) Robert Frost (d) Henry Longfellow Ans. c
143. What is the salient feature of all literatures?
[Uwjdvb evWI mnKvix cwiPvjK/ wnmveiY KgKZv wbqvM-2004]
(a) Artistic Quality (b) Sensuous quality
(c) Suggestive quality (d) Reflective quality Ans. a
144. Who is well known for his translation of The Rubaiyat of
Omar Khayyam into English. [kg I Kgmsvb g. Aaxb mn. kg Awd.-2003]
(a) Rose Macaulay (b) Edward Fitzerald
(c) George Bernard Shaw (d) D.H. Lawrence Ans. b
145. Author of The Picture of Dorian Gray [Z_ gYvjqi cixv-2003]
(a) Boris Pasernauk (b) Fitzerald
(c) Aldous Huxley (d) Oscar Wilde Ans. d
146. A famous short story of Maupassant is [kg I Kgmsvb gYvjqi Aaxb
mnKvix kg Awdmvi-2003]
(a) Gift of the Magi (b) Tropic of Cancer
(c) The Diamond Necklace (d) The Prince Ans. c
147. Who wrote the book Cancer Ward? [MYgvag BbwwUDUi mnKvix cwiPvjK
eZvi cKkj cwkK)-2003]
(a) Alexander Solzhenitsyn (b) Alexander Pope
(c) Boris Pasternak (d) Leo Tolstoy Ans. a
148. Goethe is the greatest poet of [kg I Kgmsvb g. Aaxb mn. kg Awd.-2003]
(a) Germany (b) Russia (c) England (d) France Ans. a
149. What type book The Woman is [Z_ gYvjqi Aaxb (mnKvix cwiPvjK,
MW-2) wbqvM cixv-2003]
(a) Novel (b) Story (c) Essay (d) Drama Ans. a
150. A.S. Hornby is famous for [gvawgK mnKvix wkK wbqvM cixv- 2001]
(a) writing dictionaries (b) writing poems
(c) writing songs (d) writing texbooks Ans. a
151. Who is the author of 'The Jungle Book'? [kg Awaì kg KgKZv Ges
RbmsLv I cwieviKjvY KgKZv-2003]
(a) Hans Christain Anderson (b) Enid Blyton
(c) Rudyard Kipling (d) H.G. Wells Ans. c
152. A Passage to India is written by [DcRjv/_vbv wbevPb Awdmvi-2008]
(a) E.M. Forster (b) Saadat Hossan Minto
(c) Rudyard Kipling (d) Gallsworthy Ans. a
153. Who is the author of the drama, You never can tell [RvZxq msm`
mwePvjq mnKvix MelYv Awdmvi- 2006]
(a) William Shakespeare (b) George Bernard Shaw
(c) Christopher Marlowe (d) Ben Jonson Ans. b
154. 'A Brief History of Time' eBwUi jLK [kg Awaì Rbkw, Kgmsvb I
cwkY eyiv mnKvix cwiPvjK c` wbqvM-2001]
(a) AvjevU AvBbvBb (b) AvBRvK wbDUb
(c) RM`xk P` emy (d) wdb nwKs Ans. d
155. 'The End of History and the Last Man' [mve iwRvi-2001]
(a) Samuel Huntington (b) Robert Frost
(c) David Lynn (d) M. Francis Fukuyama Ans. a
156. Author of 'The Time Machine' is [mnKvix cwiPvjK (cvmcvU Av BwgMkb)
c` wbqvM cixv-2000]
(a) T.S. Eliot (b) Kyd (c) Robert Herrick (d) H.G. Wells Ans. d
157. Point Counterpoint- Gi jLK K? [gv`Kè wbqY Awaì mn. cwi.-2000]
(a) C. Bronte (b) H.G. Wells (c) Galsworthy (d) Huxley Ans. d
158. Uncle Tom's Cabin-Gi jLK K? [mnKvix _vbv cwievi cwiKbv Awdmvi-1998]
(a) Tennyson (b) Pearl S. Buck
(c) Mrs. Harriet Stowe (d) Thomas Hardy Ans. c
159. 'Time, You Old Gipsy Man' KweZvwU Kvi jLv? [mnKvix cwimsLvb KgKZv
wZxq kYxic` wbqvM cixv-1998]
(a) Ralph Hodgson (b) Laurence Binya
(c) W.B. Keats (d) Robert Frost Ans. a
160. The God of Small Things is written by
[cavbgxi Kvhvjq I gwcwil` Kvhvjq ckvmwbK KgKZv-2004]
(a) Vikram Seth (b) John Galsworthy
(c) Aroundhuti Roy (d) E.M. Forster Ans. c
161. Who was the tutor of Alexander the Great [DcRjv m. Awdmvi-2008]
(a) Aristotle (b) Socrates (c) Galileo (d) Sophocles Ans. a
162. Guy de Maupassant is a famous short story writer.
[evsjv`k ijIq mnKvix KgvU-2007]
(a) French (b) Italian (c) German (d) Russian Ans. a
163. Brick Lane is Written by [evsjv`k ijIq mnKvix KgvU- 2007]
(a) Monica Ali (b) R. K. Narayan
(c) Harold Pinter (d) Elizabeth Bowen Ans. a
164. Alice in the Wonderland belongs to [cvmcvU Awdm mn. cwiPvjK-2007]
(a) Detective literature (b) Satirical Literature
(c) Juvenile Literature (d) Religious Literature Ans. c
165. Of the following who is the most translated author of the

world? [wcGmwmi mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2006]
(a) V.I. Lenin (b) Leo Tolsoty
(c) Agatha Cristie (d) Mao Tse tung Ans. a
166. Who wrote the book Lord Jim: A Tale? [gvawgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK-2006]
(a) Joseph Conrad (b) Oscar Wilde
(c) Thomas Hardy (d) Rudyard Kipling Ans. a
167. Who is the writer of the critical work Aspects of Novel?
[gvawgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK- 2006]
(a) George Eliot (b) George Herbert
(c) Virgina Woolf (d) Edward Morgan Forster Ans. d
168. Who is the only Laureate to refuse the Nobel Prize?
[cavbgxi Kvhvjq I gwcwil` Kvhvjq ckvmwbK KgKZv-2004]
(a) Jea- Paul Sartre (b) Rabindranath Tagore
(c) Leo Tolstoy (d) T.S. Eliot Ans. a
169. 'The Affluent Society' eBwUi jLK K? [mn. _vbv cwievi cwiv Awdmvi-1998]
(a) H.G. Wells (b) J.K. Galbrath (c) Eliot (d) David Hume Ans. b
170. RR BwjqUi cKZ bvg wK wQj? [_vbv mn-cwievi cwiKbv Awdmvi-1998]
(a) T.S. Eliot (b) Jane Austen
(c) Mary Anne Evans (d) William Hazlitt Ans. c
171. The novel 'Roots' was written by [mgevq ì wZxq kYxi MRUW Awdmvi-1997]
(a) Henry Miller (b) H.G. Wells
(c) Alex Haley (d) P.B. Shelley Ans. c
172. Who is the author of 'Spirit of Islam? [Zzjv Dbqb KgKZv-1997]
(a) Abul Monsur Ahmed (b) Syed Amir Ali
(c) Sir Syed Ahmed (d) Abul Kalam Azad Ans. b
173. nvqvBUnWi myweLvZ cyKwUi bvg wK? [miKvwi gvawgK we`vjq mn.wkK cixv-1996]
(a) The Social Contract (b) The Aim of Education
(c) The Rythm of Education (d) Education and Democracy Ans. b
174. 'Lorna Doone' is [cv_wgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK wbqvM cixv- 1992]
(a) a drama by Shakespeare (b) a poem of Tennyson
(c) a novel by Blackmore (d) an allegory by Bunyan Ans. c
175. What is Limerick? [miKvwi gvawgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK-2006]
(a) A form of light verse (b) A form of one-act play
(c) A kind of short narrative poem
(d) A kind of love poem Ans. a
176. 'Debut' Means [cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjqi mnKvix cwiPvjK-2012]
(a) conclusion (b) contradiction
(c) gracious response (d) first appearance Ans. d
177. Someone who writes plays is called a [cwiek Awa. mnKvix cwiPvjK-2011]
(a) play writer (b) dramatizer (c) playwright (d) playwrite Ans. c
178. A work which has a meaning behind the surface meaning is
[îv gYvjqi Aaxb ewnivMgb I cvmcvU Awaìi mnKvix cwiPvjK-2011]
(a) an epic (b) an allegory (c) a metaphor (d) personification Ans. b
179. The sentence, 'Death, thou shalt not die.' is an example of
[XvKv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2007-2008]
(a) Simile (b) metaphor (c) irony (d) paradox Ans. d
180. Writing one's own life story is known as [mnKvix AvevIqvwe`-2007]
(a) Biography (b) Autobiography
(c) Autography (d) Life history Ans. b
181. When a person writes the story of his own life it is called [Lv`
I `~hvM eevcbv gYvjqi Aaxb vY I cybevmb Awaìi cK evevqb KgKZv-2006]
(a) an autobiography (b) a biography
(c) a diary (d) a chronology Ans. a
182. Protagonist indicates [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi mnKvix Dc-cwi`kK c` wbqvM cixv-
2004/wcGmwmi mnKvix cwiPvjK Ges cvmcvU Av BwgMkb mnKvix cwiPvjK-2006]
(a) the villain in a play
(b) the clown in a play
(c) the leading character or actor in a play
(d) the stage-director of a play Ans. c
183. What is 'Sonnet'? [Uwjdvb evWi mnKvix cwiPvjK/wnmveiY KgKZv-2004]
(a) A prose of special nature (b) A sacred poem of reputed poet
(c) A poem of fourteen lines (d) A criticism of a poet Ans. c
184. A sonnet is a poem having lines. [mve-iwRvi c` wbevPbx cixv-2004]
(a) sixteen (b) ten (c) twelve (d) fourteen Ans. d
185. What is 'Linguistics' [_vbv wkv Awdmvi-2005]
(a) The study of history (b) The study of literature
(c) The scientific study of language (d) The study of prose Ans. c
186. Elegy wK? [cv_wgK I MYwkv Awaì mn-cwiPvjK-2001]
(a) historical poem (b) figurative story
(c) enemy (d) song of Lamentation Ans. d
187. What is an epic wK? [cv_wgK gvawgK we`vjq cavb wkK wbqvM cixv-1997]
(a) a prose composition (b) a romance
(c) a sonnet (d) a long poem Ans. d
188. What is the meaning the word 'Dirge'? [_vbv mnKvix wkv Awdmvi wbqvM cixv-1995]
(a) a kind of sonnet sequence
(b) a song expressing patriotic sentiment
(c) a long verse telling about an adventure
(d) a song expressing grief, lamentation and mourning Ans. d

189. What is the meaning of the word 'euphemism'?
[`ybxwZ `gb eyivi cwi`kK c` wbevPbx cixv-1992]
(a) vague idea (b) inoffensive expression
(c) verbal play (d) wise saying Ans. b
190. If a part of speech or writing breaks the theme, it is called-- [33Zg wewmGm]
(a) pomposity (b) digression
(c) exaggeration (d) anti-climax Ans. b
191. What is catastrophy? [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi mnKvix Dc-cwi`kK c` evQvB cixv-2004]
(a) The comical end of dramatic events
(b) The tragic end of dramatic events
(c) The comic and tragic end of the play
(d) None of the above Ans. b
192. Allegorical means- [Z_ g. Aaxb MYhvMvhvM Awaìi mnKvix Z_ Awdmvi-2013]
(a) poetry (b) written in verse
(c) having symbolic meaning (d) with timely significant Ans. c
193. Which one is a Metaphor? [kg cwiìi RbmsLv I cwievi KjvY KgKZv-2009]
(a) He is as good as his father (b) He is the sort of the family
(c) The boy takes after his father (d) She sing like a cuckoo Ans. b
194. Award of Nobel Prize in Literature was started from the year-
(a) 1901 (b) 1911 (c) 1913 (d) 1917 Ans. a
195. The play Candida' is by-[36Zg wewmGm]
(a) James Joyce (b) Shakespeare
(c) G. B. Shaw (d) Arthur Miller Ans. c
196. The Climax of a plot is what happens---[36Zg wewmGm]
(a) in the beginning (b) at the height
(c) at the end (d) in the confrontation Ans. b
197. Which of the following books is written by Thomas Hardy? [36Zg wewmGm]
(a) Vanity Fair (b) The Return of the Native
(c) Pride and Prejudice (d) Oliver Twist Ans. b
198. Man is a Political animal-- who said this? [36Zg wewmGm]
(a) Dante (b) Plato
(c) Aristotle (d) Socrates Ans. c
199. A Passage to India is written by---[36Zg wewmGm]
(a) E. M. Forster (b) Rudyard Kipling
(c) Galls Worth (d) A. H. Auden Ans. a
200. Who of the following writers was not a novelist? [36Zg wewmGm]
(a) Charles Dickens (b) W. B. Yeats
(c) James Joyce (d) Jane Austen Ans. b
201. The phrase 'Ahilles' heel' means: [37Zg wewmGm]

(a) A strong point (b) A weak point
(c) A permanent solution (d) A serious idea Ans. b
202. "Gerontion" is a poem by - ? [37Zg wewmGm]
(a) T.S. Eliot (b) W.B. Yeats
(c) Matthew Arnold (d) Robert Browning Ans. a
203. The repetition of beginning consonant sound is known as-[37Zg
wewmGm]
(a) personification (b) onomatopoeia
(c) alliteration (d) rhyme Ans. c
204. What is a funny poem of five lines called? [37Zg wewmGm]
(a) Quartet (b) Limerick
(c) Sixtet (d) haiku Ans. b
205. 'The Sun Also Rises' is a novel written by - [37Zg wewmGm]
(a) Charles Dickens (b) Hermanne Melville
(c) Earnest Hemingway (d) Thomas Hardy Ans. c
206. A 'Prologue' is- [K.U. 08-09]
(a) a poem or speech at the end of a play.
(b) an introduction to a play or a literary work.
(c) a song of mourning (d) the science of versification Ans. b
207. A closing speech in a play, often delivered after the completion
of the main action is called - [D.U. (B-EE) 14-15]
(a) a monologue (b) an epilogue
(c) a prologue (d) dialogue Ans. b
208. A long speech by one actor in a play or movie is called- [SUST (A) 12-13]
(a) Dialogue (b) Monologue
(c) Prologue (d) Epilogue Ans. b
209. Which one does not relate to literature? [RvZxq ivR^ evWi Bci]
(a) Epilogue (b) Monologue
(c) Demagogue (d) Prologue Ans. c
210. Which composition emphasizes on author's witnesses and
experiences rather than his/her own personality or life? [K.U. 07-08]
(a) Poem (b) Paragraph
(c) Letter (d) memoir Ans. d
211. What is trimeter [K.U. (Kjv I gvbweK) 09-10]
(a) a line of a poem consisting of three feet
(b) a line of a poem consisting three syllables
(c) a poem consisting of three rhymes
(d) all are correct Ans. a
212. Lines of a song or a poem repeated at the end of each verse is

called a-
(c) quatrain (d) refrain Ans. d
213. A 'dirge' is a song to be sung at -- [D.U. (B-EE) 15-16]
(a) weddings (b) reunions
(c) funerals (d) temples Ans. c
214. A funny imitation of a poem__ [Social Islami Bank-10]
(a) Counterfeit (b) Sonnet
(c) Caricature (d) Parody Ans. d
215. A story, with animals as the main characters, and a moral, is
called a__ [C.U.(B) 08-09]
(a) legend (b) fiction
(c) parody (d) fable Ans. d
216. 'Myth' means __. [I.U.(C) 09-10]
(a) The story of the old time heroes
(b) The story of the civilization
(c) The story the childhood
(d) the story of the ancient history Ans. d
217. Mythology is the study of various beliefs about__ [C.U.(B) 08-09]
(a) monsters and fairies (b) kings and queens
(c) gods and goddesses (d) knights and acquires Ans. c
218. 'Poetic Licence' means [R.U. (A- weRvo) 14-15]
(a) freedom to write poetry (b) freedom to read poetry
(c) freedom to change the normal rules of language in a special
piece of writing (d) doing what one likes Ans. c
219. Guy de Maupassant is a famous_shory writer. [ijIq mnKvix KgvU-07]
(a) French (b) Italian
(c) German (d) Russian Ans. a
220. Earnest Hemingway is a famous - [mn:_vbv/DcRjv wkv Awdmvi-10]
(a) British novelist (b) Irish novelist
(c) American novelist (d) Latin American novelist Ans. c
221. "Langston Hughes" is- [J.U. (M) 11-12]
(a) Russian poet (b) British poet
(c) American poet (d) Rumanian poet Ans. c
222. Of the following authors, one is American. Who is he?
(a) Alexander Pope (b) Daniel Defoe
(c) William Faulkner (d) Robert Browning Ans. c
223. Among the following who is not a poet?

(a) Matthew Arnold (b) Robert Frost
(c) John Donne (d) Doris Lessing Ans. d
224. Among the following who is not a novelist?
(a) Hardy (b) Joyce
(c) Thackeray (d) Blake Ans. d
225. Who is regarded as the 'Father of the Science Fiction'?
(a) Isaac Asimov (b) Jules Verne
(c) H.G. Wells (d) Arthur C.Clarke Ans. b
226. The only medium of literature is -
(a) language (b) painting
(c) sculptor (d) architecture Ans. a
227. What is the salient feature of all literatures?
(a) Artistic quality (b) Sensuous quality
(c) Joyous/Suggestive quality (d) Reflective quality Ans. a
228. Which of the Bronte sisters wrote Jane Eyre ?
(a) Anne (b) Charlotte
(c) Emily (d) Louise Ans. b
229. Virginia Woolf was a contemporary of__
(a) Jane Austen (b) Arnold
(c) Browning (d) Joyce Ans. d
230. Who is known as an "Icon of peace and reconciliation" ?
(a) Malala Yousafzai (b) Dr. Muhammad Yunus
(c) Nelson Mandela (d) Kailash Satyarthi Ans. c
231. Who was not awarded the Nobel Prize?
(a) John Galsworthy (b) Orhan Pamuk
232. A senator and a poet who won the Nobel prize for literature
was __
(a) Winston Churchill (b) Matthew Arnold
(c) J M Synge (d) W.B. Yeats Ans. d
233. 'Alice in Wonderland' is written by -
Who is the author of Alice Adventures in Wonderland __
(a) G.B. Shaw (b) Lewis Carrol
(c) John Keats (d) P. B. Shelley Ans. b
234. 'Alice in Wonderland' belongs to -
(a) detective literature (b) satirical literature
(c) juvenile literature (d) religious literature Ans. c
235. The book "Glimpses of World History" was written by-

(a) Rabindranath Tagore (b) Carlyle
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru (d) Karl Marx Ans. c
236. Who is the author of Les Miserables?
(a) Victor Hugo (b) Alexander Dumas
(c) Emile Zola (d) Jean de La Fontaine Ans. a
237. The epic 'Odyssey' was written by__
(a) Milton (b) Tennyson
(c) Homer (d) Shakespeare Ans. c
238. The novel Roots was written by__
(a) Henry Miller (b) H.G. Wells
(c) Alex Haley (d) P.B.Shelley Ans. c
239. "The dairy of a young girl" is written by-
(a) Otto Frank (b) James Frank
(c) Anne Frank (d) Henry Frank Ans. c
240. Who is the author of the novel 'The Trial?
(a) Ernest Hemingway (b) Leo Tolstoy
(c) Gabriel Garica Marquez (d) Franz Kafka Ans. d
241. A Thousand Splendid Suns is a novel written by__
(a) Khaled Hosseini (b) Adeep Khan
(c) Mawlana Jalal Uddin Rumi (d) Monsur Hallaj Ans. a
242. Adela is a character in a novel written by-
(a) Joseph Conrad (b) James Joyce
(c) E.M.Forster (d) Bertrand Russell Ans. c
243. "Be You Ever So High, the Law is Above You" G DwwU Kvi?
(a) Justice Atkinson (b) Justice Marshal
(c) Lord Denning (d) Justice Coke Ans. c
244. Who authored the statement 'The government is the best which
governs least'?
(a) Herber Spencer (b) Harold Lasky
(c) Henry David Thoreau (d) Alexander Pope Ans. c
245. In the sentence, "Death lays his icy hands on kings",
"Death" is an example of__.
(a) symbolism (b) metaphor
(c) hyperbole (d) personification Ans. d
246. The technique of treating non-living things as humans is called-
(a) Living (b) Description
(c) Feeding (d) Personification Ans. d
247. 'Paradox' is ____

(a) A statement which is false
(b) A statement which is apparently self-contradictory
(c) A statement which is apparently false
(d) A statement which is apparently true Ans. b
248. In the sentence "The man is a mad dog." "mad dog" is an
example of a/an-
(c) assonance (d) alliteration Ans. b
249. 'Metaphor' is a word or phrase that is applied to an object or
action to which it is not literally applicable. Which one is an
example of metaphor?
(a) He is the eternal summer (b) He is youthful and happy
(c) Death will never touch him (d) He will live forever Ans. a
250. Assonance refers to the repetition of similar vowel sounds.
Which of the following is an example of assonance?
(a) the rain in Spain falls (b) burning broom
(c) cawing crow (d) buzzing bell Ans. a
251. Apostrophe is an exclamatory addressing of imagianry person
or abstract idea. Ans. a
Which of the following is not an example of apostrophe?
(a) Death! be not proud (b) Roll on thou dark deep ocean
(c) Where, O Death! the sting? (d) Is Science a Daughter of Art
252. Oxymoron refers to a term made of two words that contradict
each other. Which of the following is an example of oxymoron?
(a) screaming bull (b) bluest eyes
(c) big sleep (d) open sercret Ans. d
253. A climax is - [COU(D) 12-13]
(a) a climbing apparatus (b) point of greatest intesity
(c) a crisis in a drama (d) the latest scene in a drama Ans. c

Top 35 Figures of Speech

GB AskwU BsiwR mvwnZi wkv_xì wewmGmmn wewfb fvBfv
cixvq AwaKZi cwZi Rb GKUy mwevi AvjvPbv Kiv njv|
1. Alliteration (Abycvm)
The repetition of an initial consonant sound. The repetition can be
put side by side. (GKB awb ev awbQi cybtcybt webvmK Abycvm ej| Abycv m
mvaviYZ ki c_g, gvS I kl _vK|) hgb-
"sleepy sun sank slowly over the sea"
KvK Kvjv, KvwKj Kvjv, Kvjv Kbvi Kk|
But a better butter makes a batter better.
A big bully beats a baby boy.
Pzj Zvi KeKvi AKvi wew`kvi wbkv|
- Rxebvb` `vm|
Ii wen, Ii wen gvi,
GLb A, e Kiv bv cvLv| - iex`bv_ VvKzi|
2. Allegory (icKagx iPbv )

A story or picture with two or more different meanings a literal
meaning and one or more symbolic meanings. The setting,
characters, and things that happen inside an allegory are symbols
for ideas or qualities. (icK ejZ Ggb aibi iPbv evSvq, hLvb jLK Zvi
Kvbv wekl fve ev ZK mivmwi cKvk bv Ki Ab Kvbv evwnK NUbv, wP BZvw`
Avovj iL mgvivjfve ewZ Ki _vKb| Allegory A_ nQ- Ab wKQz eySvbv|)
mvwnZ Allegory Gi wKQz D`vniYt
Edmund Spenser The Faerie Queene: The several knights in the

poem actually stand for several virtues.
William Shakespeare The Tempest: a fight between good and evil
on a deserted island.
John Bunyan The Pilgrim's Progress: The journey of the

protagonists Christian and Evangelist symbolises the ascension of
the soul from earth to Heaven.
Nathaniel Hawthorne Young Goodman Brown: The Devil's Staff
symbolises defiance of God. The characters' names, such as
Goodman and Faith, ironically serve as paradox in the conclusion
of the story.
Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter: The scarlet letter
symbolizes many things. The characters, while developed with
interiority, are allegorical in that they represent ways of seeing the
world. Symbolism is also prominent.
George Orwell Animal Farm: The pigs stand for political figures
of the Russian Revolution.
3. Allusion (civ DjL/ BwZ)

A short mention of a famous historical or literary person or event.
The use allusions is not confined to literature alone. Their occurrence is
fairly common in our daily speech. Look at some common allusion
examples in everyday life. (welqf` GKB ei wewfb `wKvYi `kb h m`h
mw nq ZvK DjL Ajvi/ Allusion ejv nq) D`vniY:
n Z^x, fvMxi Zzwi Kvgbvi ab
Zc^xq wefxwlKv, Kwei ^cb| - kvgvc` PeZx
-GLvb GKB Z^xK Kvgbvi, wefxwlKvi Ges ^c ej wewfb `wKvY _K MnY
Kiv nqQ|
Dont act like a Romeo in front of her. Romeo is a
reference to Shakespeares Romeo, a passionate lover of Juliet, in
Romeo and Juliet.
The rise in poverty will unlock the Pandoras box of crimes.
This is an allusion to one of Greek Mythologys origin myth,
Pandoras box.
This place is like a Garden of Eden. This is a biblical
allusion to the garden of God in the Book of Genesis.
Hey! Guess who the new Newton of our school is?
Newton, means a genius student, alludes to a famous scientist
Isaac Newton.
Stop acting like my ex-husband please. Apart from
scholarly allusions we refer to common people and places in our speech.
4. Anecdote (Kvb ew ev NUbvK K` Ki QvULvUv AvKlYxq gRvi M)

A short and humorous (funny) story about a real event or
person. An anecdote is a short and amusing but serious account,
which may depict a real/fake incident or character. hgb-
A mother tells her son a story about a family vacation when she
was growing up.
5. Anaphora
The repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of
successive clauses or verses. hgb-
Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better and
better
My life is my purpose. My life is my goal. My life is my
inspiration.
I want my money right now, right here, all right?
6. Antithesis (ciiweivax kvejx eenvi )

The combination of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases.
Antithesis, literal meaning opposite, is a rhetorical device in which
two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a
contrasting effect.
wKQz Common Antithesis Gi D`vniYt
Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.
Man proposes, God disposes.
Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing.
Speech is silver, but silence is gold.
Patience is bitter, but it has a sweet fruit.
Money is the root of all evils: poverty is the fruit of all goodness.
You are easy on the eyes, but hard on the heart.
mvwnZ Antithesis Gi wKQz D`vniYt
D`vniY # 1
Alexander Pope in his An Essay on Criticism says:
To err is human; to forgive divine.
D`vniY # 2
The opening lines of Charles Dickens novel A Tale of Two Cities
provides an unforgettable antithesis example:
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age
of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it
was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season
of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we
had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going
direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.
(we.`. 35Zg wewmGm wjwLZ cixvq GB AskUzKzi BsiwR _K evsjvq Abyev` GmwQjv)
D`vniY # 3
In Shakespeares Julius Caesar we notice antithesis in
characters of Mark Antony and Marcus Brutus. Brutus is portrayed
as a noblest of Romans close to Caesar and a person who loved Rome
and Caesar. Antony, on the contrary, is shown as a man with evil
intentions of harming Caesar and taking charge of Rome. These
antithetical characters highlight the conflict in the play.
D`vniY # 4
John Milton in Paradise Lost says:
Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heavn.
7. Apostrophe (m^vab Ajvi)

Breaking off discourse to address some absent person or thing, some
abstract quality, an inanimate object, or a nonexistent character. hgb-
Oh! Lift me as wave, a leaf, a cloud! (wc we kwj)
Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How I wonder what you are.
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky.
(A well-known nursery rhyme The Star by Jane Taylor)
8. Assonance (îvbycvm)
The same vowel sound of the short vowel -e- repeats itself in
almost all the words excluding the definite article. The words do share
the same vowel sounds but start with different consonant sounds unlike
alliteration that involves repetition of the same consonant sounds. Below
are a few assonance examples that are more common.
wKQz Common Assonance Gi D`vniYt

We light fire on the mountain.
I feel depressed and restless.
Go and mow the lawn.
Alone, alone, all, all alone
Alone on a wide, wide sea. (The Rime of the Ancient Marriner)
The engineer held the steering to steer the vehicle.
mvwnZ Assonance Gi D`vniYt

William Wordsworth employs assonance to create an internal rhyme in
his poem Daffodils:
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high oer vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
9. Aside Ges Soliloquy Gi ga cv_K:
An aside is a dramatic device in which a character speaks to the
audience. By convention the audience is to realize that the character's
speech is unheard by the other characters on stage. It may be addressed
to the audience expressly (in character or out) or represent an unspoken
thought.
mvwnZ Aside Gi D`vniYt
In the play Shakespeare's Macbeth, Macbeth has the following aside:
Time, thou anticipatest my dread exploits.
Here is another example in the Shakespeare play Hamlet:
A little more than kin, and less than kind.
A soliloquy is a device often used in drama when a character speaks to
himself or herself, relating thoughts and feelings, thereby also sharing
them with the audience, giving off the illusion of being a series of
unspoken reflections. If other characters are present, they keep silent
and/or are disregarded by the speaker.
mvwnZ Soliloquy Gi D`vniYt
To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them?
(The most famous soliloquy in Shakespeare's Hamlet)
10. Blank Verse (Awgvi Q`)
A Blank Verse is a poem with no rhyme but does have iambic
pentameter. This means it consists of lines of five feet, each foot
being iambic, meaning two syllables long, one unstressed followed
by a stressed syllable. [Blank Verse njv: Awgj wenxb Avqvw^K cUvwgUvi PiY
m^wjZ c`Q`| evsjv mvwnZ Awgvi Qì ceZK gvBKj gaym~`b `]
11. Ballad (jvKMv_v)
A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. MxwZ
KweZvi Avw` ic wnme wePvi Kiv nq Mv_v ev evjvWK| BZvwjq k Ballare _K
evjvW (Ballad) ki Drcw| Ballare A_ bZ Kiv| A_vr KweZvi m bZ I
bvUKxqZvi wgkY Mv_vi mw|M v_v KweZvq cg, ag, exiZ, ivRbxwZ, mvgvwRK cm,
nvmimi NUbv vb cvq| GQvovI jvKRxeb ev MvgxY Rxebi cmI Gi welqe| GZ
ew wKsev mvgwK Rxebi e`bv KiY Kvwnbxi cvavb _vK| evjvWK MxwZKvwnbx ev
Romantic Folck Song-I ejv nq |
Ballad Gi D`vniYt
BsiwR mvwnZ IqvWm&Iqv_, nvwW, KvjwiR, KxU&m cgyL Kwe G RvZxq cPzi KweZv
wjLQb| John Keatss La Belle Dame sans Merci, Thomas Hardys
During Wind and Rain, and Edgar Allan Poes Annabel Lee. etc. evsjv
mvwnZ G RvZxq KweZvi DrK D`vniY ggbwmsn MxwZKv| GQvovI iex`bv_ Mv_v KweZv
AbyKiY kgwY cYiv, Rmxg D`&`xbi bKmx Kuv_vi gvV mvRb evw`qvi NvU Mv_v
KweZvi AZzjbxq wb`kb|
12. Couplet (wc`x kvK)
Two lines with rhyming ends. Shakespeare often used a couplet to end a
sonnet. (Avi Rhyme njvt Repeatition of similar ending sounds.)
Shakespeare'i myweLvZ Sonnet 18 Gi kl `yB jvBb `Lyb:
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade

Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest:
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this and this gives life to thee.
13. Comedy (wgjbvZK bvUK):

Aristotle Gi gZ, A comedy is an imitation of men worse than
the average; worse however, not as regards any and every sorts of fault
but only as regards particular kind, the ridiculous.
Rxebi nvwm-Avb` fiv nvj&Kv (light) w`KUv Avb`Nb cwiek wgjb-gayi Avek
bvUK wPwZ nj ZvK KgwW (comedy) ej| Gme bvUK bvqK-bvwqKvi wgjbi h ck
ic dzU IV, Zv-B KgwWi m`h I `xw| KgwW I UvRwWi wewfbZv kwYMZ bq- gvvMZ|
KgwWi nvmimi myiwU ew cZ nvmg AkRj cwiYZ nj ZLbB Zv UvRwWZ icvi
nZ cvi| A_vr gvbe-Pwii h KZzKven w`KwU cxob Ki bv, e_v `q bv, ei nvmim
mw Ki ZvB KgwWi DcRxe| KgwWi kwYwefvM: KgwWK gvUvgywUfve KqK kwYZ fvM
Kiv hvq| h_v-
(1) Kveagx KgwW: KgwWi welq hLb weZ Kbvi RMr _K AvZ nq ev h KgwW
AZwaK Kbv ev AveMceY, m KgwWK Kveagx KgwW ejv nq| D`vniY- Shakespeare
Gi Twelfth Night|
(2) Pvg~jK KgwW: h KgwWZ cv-cvxiv lohg~jK AvPiYi viv cwZcK bvRnvj
Kivi ga w`q bvU cwiYwZ Awbevh Ki Zvj- m KgwWK Pvg~jK KgwW ejv nq| G
kwYi bvUK Pwivb Acv AvLvbfvM iPbvi Ici ewk iZ Ìqv nq| Dryden Gi
'The Spanish Friar'. xiv` cmvì Rqkx G kwYfz bvUK|
(3) msjvcagx KgwW: KgwWZ hLb msjvci cvavb m~wPZ nh, ZLb ZvK msjvcagx KgwW
ejv nq| Pwimg~ni Awfewi NUbv ev AvLvbfvM Acv msjvci wewkZvB ewk
KvhKix nq| Shakespeare Gi As You like it, iex`bv_i wPiKzgvi mfv G RvZxq
KgwW|
(4) Farce (dvm) ev cnmb: G RvZxq KgwWZ Pwi mw I msjvci cvavbi cwieZ GKwU
mvgwMK nvmimvZK cwiwwZ mw Kiv nq Ges NUbv, Pwi cfwZ me B mveZvi wekl
Kvbv evaevaKZv _vK bv|
(5) Comedy of Humour (wnDgvi KgwW): G RvZxq bvUK A^vfvweK I ivgvKi
cwiwwZ wbgvY ev fveveMi AvwZkh cwijwZ nq|
(6) Comedy of Manners (KgwW Ad gvbvi&m ev DBU): G RvZxq KgwWZ mvgvwRK
ixwZ cwZ ev AvPvi-AvPiY DcvcbvB g~L welq| GLvb AveMi cwieZ Pwii eywewK
cvavb Ìqv nq| It is also known as Restoration Comedy.
14. Chiasmus: (evKvjvi)

A verbal pattern in which the second half of an expression is
balanced against the first but with the parts reversed.
mvwnZ Chiamus Gi D`vniYt
D`vniY #1
Love as if you would one day hate,
and hate as if you would one day love.
Bias (6th Century B.C.)
D`vniY #2
Bad men live that they may eat and drink,
whereas good men eat and drink that they may live. Socrates (5th
Century B.C.)
D`vniY #3
His time a moment, and a point his space.
(Alexander Pope, Essay on Man)
D`vniY #5
Do I love you because youre beautiful?
Or are you beautiful because I love you? (Oscar Hammerstein, Do I
Love You Because Youre Beautiful?)
D`vniY #6
In his face. Divine compassion visibly appeered,
Love without end, and without measure Grace (John Milton, Paradise Lost)
15. Elegy (GwjwR ev kvKMxwZ)
g~j wMK k Elegeia Gi A_ njv lament, e`bvi AvwZ| GB k _K
Elegy ki Drcw| Elegia ev Elegos Kej kvK A_ evSvZ eeZ nZv bv|
cvPxb wMK Ges jvwUb mvwnZ GwjwRqvK (Elegiac) bvg 6+5 gvvq iwPZ GK aibi
KweZv cPwjZ wQj| mgqi weeZb GwjwR ejZ GLb Kej kvK KweZvKB evSvq| G
ixwZi KweZvq Kwei ewMZ kvK wekl aibi kvK KweZv|
S. T. Coleridge Gi gZ,
Elegy is a form of poetry natural to the reflective mind. It may
treat of any subject, but it must treat of no subject for itself; but always
and exclusively with reference to the poet. As he will feel regret for the
past or desire for the future, so sorrow and love became the principal themes
of the elegy. Elegy presents every thing as lost and gone or absent and
future.
A famous example of elegy is Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a

Country Churchyard (1750). wMK Kwe weqb iwPZ Lament for Adonis wekl
aibi kvK KweZv| Milton Gi Lycidus Ges Shelley Gi Adonis Ges evsjv
mvwnZ hZx`bv_ mbi 22 k kveY 1348 iex`bv_i KweZvQ iY, KvRx
bRij Bmjvgi wPbvgv, Rmxg D`&`xbi Kei G RvZxq KweZvi Abb `v|
16. Euphemism (kwZKUz cì cwieZ KvgjZi cì cqvM)

The substitution of an inoffensive expression for one
considered offensively explicit.
Euphemism Examples in Everyday Life
Euphemism is frequently used in everyday life. hgb-
You are becoming a little thin on top (bald).
Our teacher is in the family way (pregnant).
He is always tired and emotional (drunk).
We do not hire mentally challenged (stupid) people.
He is a special child (disabled or retarded).
mvwnZ Euphemism Gi D`vniYt
D`vniY #1
John Donne in his poem The Flea employs euphemism. He says:
Mark but this flea, and mark in this,
How little that which thou denies me is;
It suckd me first, and now sucks thee,
And in this flea our two bloods mingled be.
Thou knowst that this cannot be said
A sin, nor shame, nor loss of maidenhead;
Yet this enjoys before it woo,
And pamperd swells with one blood made of two; Euphemism Gi D`vniY
And this, alas! is more than we would do.
In order to persuade his beloved to sleep with him, the speaker in
the poem tells her how a flea bit both of them and their blood got mixed
in it. This is a euphemism.
D`vniY #2
Examples of euphemism referring to sex are found in William
Shakespeares Othello and Antony and Cleopatra. In Othello, Act
1 Scene 1, Iago tells Brabantio:
I am one, sir, that comes to tell you your daughter and the Moor
are now making the beast with two backs.
Here, the expression making the beast with two backs refers to the act
of having sex.
D`vniY #3
The Squealer, a character in George Orwells Animal
Farm, uses euphemisms to help the pigs achieve their political ends.
To announce the reduction of food to the animals of the farm, Orwell
quotes him saying:
For the time being, he explains, it had been found necessary to
make a readjustment of rations.
Substituting the word reduction with readjustment was an attempt
to suppress the complaints of other animals about hunger. It works because
reduction means cutting food supply while readjustment implies changing the
current amount of food.
17. Hyperbole (AwZkqvw)

An extravagant statement; the use of exaggerated terms for
the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect (evei Pq AwZiwZ Ki
ejv). A hyperbole is an extreme exaggeration used to make a point. It
is like the opposite of understatement. Hyperboles are comparisons,
like similes and metaphors, but are extravagant and even ridiculous. A
boring story can come to life or become comical with the use of a
hyperbole. Some examples of hyperboles include:
wKQz Common Hyperbole Gi D`vniYt

Ive told you a million times
I am so hungry I could eat a horse.
This car goes faster than the speed of light.
That new car costs bazillion dollars.
That joke is so old, the last time I heard it I was riding on a
dinosaur.
They ran like greased lightning.
He's got tons of money.
Her brain is the size of a pea.
He is older than the hills.
He is as skinny as a toothpick.
I have a million things to do.
Examples of hyperboles in advertising:

adds amazing luster for infinite, mirror-like shine (Brilliant
Brunette shampoo)
It doesn't get better than this (Oscar Meyer)
Example of hyperbole comes from "Hamlet" by Shakespeare:
I loved Ophelia. Forty thousand brothers
Could not with all their quantity of love
Make up my sum. What wilt thou do for her?
18. Irony (we`c/ evRwZ)
The use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. A
statement or situation where the meaning is contradicted by the
appearance or presentation of the idea. (wb`vQj cksmv Ges cksmvQj wb`v
nj Irony/ evRwZ Ajvi nq|) hgb-
(K) Qj fvj Ze g` cvb Ki|
- GLvb fvj Qj wb`v Kiv nqQ|
(L) AwZ eo ecwZ wmwZ wbcyY,
Kvb Y bvB Zvi Kcvj Avb| (fviZP`)
- GLvb wb`vQj cksmv ev wZi ebv mw nqQ|
wKQz Common Interesting Irony Gi D`vniYt
'The boy showed his merit by making twenty mistakes in ten
minutes'.
I posted a video on YouTube about how boring and useless
YouTube is.
The name of Britains biggest dog was Tiny.
The butter is as soft as a marble piece.
Brutus is an honourable man.
He is a brilliant student because he failed in the exam.
mvwnZ Irony Gi D`vniYt
D`vniY #1
Go ask his name: if he be married.
My grave is like to be my wedding bed.
(Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, Act I, Scene V.)
Juliet commands her nurse to find out who Romeo was and says if he were
married, then her wedding bed would be her grave. It is a verbal irony because
the audience knows that she is going to die on her wedding bed.
D`vniY #2
In the English drama King Lear written by Shakespeare,
King Lear banished his youngest daughter Cordelia from his
Kingdom; but in the end, she became her only shelter.
D`vniY #3
Irony examples are not only found in stage plays but in poems too. In his
poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Coleridge wrote:
Water, water, everywhere,
And all the boards did shrink;
Water, water, everywhere,
Nor any drop to drink.
19. Litotes (GK RvZxq A_vjvi hvZ bT_K ki mvnvh Zvi wecixZ
m`_K fvewUKB Rvivjvfve cKvk Kiv nq)
A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in
which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite. Litotes,
derived from a Greek word meaning simple, is a figure of speech
which employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other
words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite
expressions.
A few examples of litotes from daily conversations:
They do not seem the happiest couple around.
The ice cream was not too bad.
New York is not an ordinary city.
I cannot disagree with your point of view.
William Shakespeare was not a bad playwright at all.
He is not the cleverest person I have ever met.
She is not unlike her mother.
A million dollars is not a little amount.
You are not doing badly at all.
Your apartment is not unclean.
Examples of Litotes from Literature:
D`vniY #1
I am not unaware how the productions of the Grub Street brotherhood
have of late years fallen under many prejudices.
(Jonathan Swift, A Tale of a Tub)
D`vniY #2
Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.
From what Ive tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if I had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.
Fire and Ice by Robert Frost
20. Limerick (gRv`vi Qov)
It is a humorous verse of three long and two short lines rhyming aabba.
The third and fourth lines are usually shorter than the other three. GK
K_vq, Limerick is a funny poem of five lines.
GKwU Limerick Gi D`vniY:
The limericks an art form complex
Whose contents run chiefly to sex;
Its famous for virgins
And masculine urgins
And vulgar erotic effects.
21. Lyric (MxwZ KweZv)
A short poem with a song-like quality, or designed to be set to music;
often conveying feelings, emotions, or personal thoughts. Lyric poetry
is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings,
typically spoken in the first person. cvPxb hyM, exYvev`bi m cwiewkZ Mvb K
wjwiK ejv nZ|
22. Metaphor (`v/icKvjvi)
An implied comparison between two unlike things that actually
have something important in common. (hgb- "the curtain of night" or "all
the world's a stage.") A metaphor is a word or phrase that is used to make
a comparison between two people, things, animals, or places. They can
be very helpful for kids who are learning the meaning of specific words
because they provide a more visual description of the word or thought.
h_v, hic, hgb cfwZ DcgvevPK ki cqvM bv Ki Ges Dfqi ga mvaviY Yi
DjL bv Ki, mgvb aghy `yB ei mv`k c`kbB Metaphor/`v| hgb:
(K) igvjv cydj fvw co Wvj|

bvix nqv heb, ivwLe KZKvj\ -gqbvgZxi Mvb
GLvb Dfqi ga mv`keva njI Zvrch wfb Ges Kv_vI mv`kevPK k bB|
(L) Avgvi bvn Mv, fvjevm ay, fvjevm gvi Mvb,
ebi cvLxi K wPb ivL Mvb nj Aemvb| - KvRx bRij Bmjvg
GLvb Dcgq- cwgK (Avgvq k ewZ), Dcgvb- ebi cvLx| G `yqi ga
evei Kvbv mv`k bB| wK Zvì mvaviY ag- cwgKi wbRi cwZ bq, Zvi Mvbi cwZ
fvjevmv; Avi Mvb kl Mvbi cvLxi cwZ AvMni Afve- G `yqi ga GKwU `~ivMZ mv`k
j Kiv hvq|
wKQz Kid-Friendly Metaphors:

The snow is a white blanket.
The hospital was a refrigerator.
The classroom was a zoo.
America is a melting pot.
Life is a roller coaster.
Their home was a prison.
His heart is a cold iron.
She is a peacock.
He is a shining star.
The alligators teeth are white daggers
The slide on the playground was a hot stove.
Her lovely voice was music to his ears.
Time is money.
My teacher is a dragon.
Toms eyes were ice.
The detectives face was wood as he listened to her story.
She feels that life is a fashion show.
The world is a stage.
My kids room is a disaster area.
The children were flowers grown in concrete gardens.
Kisses are the flowers of affection.
His words were cotton candy.
The cast on his broken leg was a plaster shackle.
Janes ambitions are a house of cards.
Her long hair was a flowing golden river.
The computers at school are old dinosaurs.
Laughter is the music of the soul.
He is a night owl.
Maria is a chicken.
Her teddy bear was her best friend, never telling her secrets.
The peaceful lake was a mirror.
Terry was blue when his goldfish died.
The wind was an angry witch.
The ballerina was a swan, gliding across the stage.
Her angry words were bullets to him.
Your brain is a computer.
Jamal was a pig at dinner.
You are my sunshine.
The car was a furnace in the sun.
Thank you so much. You are an angel.
That coach is an ogre.
Bens temper was a volcano, ready to explode.
The kids were monkeys on the jungle gym.
The sun is a golden ball.
The clouds are balls of cotton.
Sues room is a zoo with fish, a gerbil and a parakeet.
The stars are sparkling diamonds.
Those two best friends are two peas in a pod.
He is a walking dictionary.
Donations for the popular charity were a tsunami.
Necessity is the mother of invention.
My big brother is a couch potato.
The road was a ribbon stretching across the desert.
The teenagers stomach was a bottomless pit.
The thunder was a mighty lion.
I am so excited. My pulse is a race car.
The moon is a white balloon.
The stormy ocean was a raging bull.
Her tears were a river flowing down her cheeks.
Metaphor: Situation vs. the Real Thing:

You may have often heard expressions such as:
He drowned in a sea of grief.
She is fishing in troubled waters.
Success is a bastard as it has many fathers, and failure is an
orphan, with no takers.
23. Metonymy (evKvjviwekl jYv)

It is a figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the
name of something else with which it is closely associated.
Metonymy, Synecdoche and Metaphor
Metonymy is often confused with another figure of speech called
synecdoche. They resemble each other but are not the same. Synecdoche
refers to a thing by the name of one of its parts. For example, calling a
car a wheel is a synecdoche. A part of a car i.e. a wheel stands for
the whole car. In a metonymy, on the other hand, the word we use to
describe another thing is closely linked to that particular thing, but is not
a part of it. For example, Crown which means power or authority is a
metonymy.
Metonymy is different from a metaphor. A metaphor draws
resemblance between two different things as in You are sunlight and I
moon Sun And Moon from Miss Saigon. Sunlight (and moon) and
human are two different things without any association but it attempts to
describe one thing in terms of another based on a supposed similarity.
Metonymy, however, develops relation on the grounds of close
associations as in The White House is concerned about terrorism.
The White House here represents the people who work in it.
Examples of Metonymy in Everyday Life

England decides to keep check on immigration. (England refers
to the government.)
The pen is mightier than the sword. (Pen refers to written words
and sword to military force.)
The Oval Office was busy in work. (The Oval Office is a
metonymy as it stands for people at work in the office.)
Let me give you a hand. (Hand means help.)
Metonymy Examples from Literature
D`vniY #1
Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.
(Shakespeares Julies Caesar Act I.)
Mark Anthony uses ears to say that he wants the people present there to listen
to him attentively. It is a metonymy because the word ears replaces the
concept of attention.
D`vniY #2
As he swung toward them holding up the hand
Half in appeal, but half as if to keep
The life from spilling.
(From Out, Out by Robert Frost)
In these lines, the expression The life from spilling is a metonymy that refers
to spilling of blood. It develops a link between life and blood. The loss of too
much blood means loss of life.
D`vniY # 3
But now my oat proceeds,
And listens to the herald of the sea
That came in Neptunes plea,
He asked the waves, and asked the felon winds,
What hard mishap hath doomed this gentle swain?
(from Lycidas written by John Milton)
In the above-mentioned lines, John Milton uses oat for a musical instrument
made out of an oak-stalk. Thus, oat represents the song that the poet is
composing next to the ocean.
24. Ode (v):

h ckwg~jK (Address) MxwZ KweZvq Kvbv mygnvb ev Mvxh eK welqe
ev Dcv`vb Avkq Ki Kwe wewfb aibi IR^x Q` AvZMZ AbyfwZi fveg~wZ `vb Kib,
ZvK Ode ev v KweZv bvg AwfwnZ Kiv nq| iex`bv_i el kl, mZb ì
bgvi gvwnZjvji iex` Rqx evsjv v (Ode) RvZxq KweZv| BsiwR mvwnZ
Gray Gi The Bard, Milton Gi Ode on the Morning of Christ's, Keats Gi
Ode to a Nightingale weLvZ v KweZv|
25. Onomatopoeia (AbyKvi k)

The use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the
objects or actions they refer to. Onomatopoeia is when a words
pronunciation imitates its sound. When you say an onomatopoeic
word, the utterance itself is reminiscent of the sound to which the word
refers. Poets use onomatopoeia to access the readers auditory sense and
create rich soundscapes. It is one of many poetic devices dealing with
the sounds of poetry. Many people confuse onomatopoeia with
interjections; however, they are two different and distinct concepts.
Interjections are one of the eight parts of speech. An interjection is a
sudden outburst of emotion or excitement, such as ouch or wow.
wKQz Common Onomatopoeia Gi D`vniYt
1. The sheep went, Baa.

2. It is not unusual for a dog to bark when visitors arrive.
3. Silence your cellphone so that it does not beep during the movie.
4. Dad released a belch from the pit of his stomach.
5. The bridge collapsed creating a tremendous boom.
6. The large dog said, Bow-wow!
7. Are you afraid of things that go bump in the night?
8. My brother can burp the alphabet.
9. Both bees and buzzers buzz.
10. The cash register popped open with a heart warming ca-ching.
11. The birds chirp filled the empty night air.
12. The clanging pots and pans awoke the baby.
13. If you want the red team to win, clap your hands right now!
14. The cadets swelled with pride when they heard the clash of the
cymbals at their graduation ceremony.
15. The dishes fell to the floor with a clatter.
16. Nothing annoys me more than rapidly clicking your pen.
17. The bride and groom were not surprised to hear the familiar sound
of clinking glasses.
18. The horses hooves clip-clopped on the cobblestones.
19. Those clucking chickens are driving me crazy!
20. The dim-witted pigeon repulsed us with its nerve crawling coo.
21. If youre going to cough, please cover your mouth.
22. The prisoner was terrified to hear the crack of the whip.
23. We roasted marshmallows over the crackling fire.
24. The two-year old crashed into the cabinet.
25. The cabinet opened with a distinct creak.
26. Dissatisfied with her work, Beth crinkled up the paper and threw it
in the trash.
27. The swamp frogs croaked in unison.
28. The teacher heard the distinct crunch of ruffled potato chips.
29. Jacob could not sleep with the steady drip-drop of water coming
from the sink.
30. The root beer fizzed over the top of the mug.
31. The flag flapped in wind.
32. Did you forget to flush the toilet?
33. Daryl gargled the mouthwash.
34. The wounded soldier groaned.
35. As Tom got closer, the dog began growling.
36. Juan had a hard time hearing the teacher over his grumbling
stomach.
37. When Mom asked Tommy how his day went, Tommy just grunted.
38. Vince gulped down the Mountain Dew.
39. The patient sounded like he was hacking up a lung.
40. If you have the hiccups, you should try drink a glass of water.
41. The snake slithered and hissed.
42. If you see anyone coming, honk your horn.
43. The wolves howled at the moon.
44. The new pencil sharpener hummed efficiently.
45. They knew that the principal was coming because they heard the
jingle of his keys.
46. Someone is knocking on the door.
47. That cat will keep meowing until you pet it.
48. John was disturbed by the strange moaning.
49. The cow aggressively mooed at the passing freight train.
50. Janet murmured the answer under her breath.
51. While lounging in the slop pile, the pigs oinked excitedly.
52. The hail pattered on the tin gutter.
53. When he saw the cheese, the mouse could not help but to
peep excitedly.
54. The lunch lady plopped a scoop of something on Kristens tray.
55. Billy will cry if you pop his balloon.
56. After eating the knight, the dragon let out a puff of smoke.
57. Most cats purr if you pet them behind the ears.
58. The kind man shared his bread with the quacking ducks.
59. My favorite singers have raspy voices.
60. Tim would have stepped on the snake had he not heard the rattle of
its tail.
61. The race-car driver revved his engine.
62. Our peaceful dinner ended when the phone began ringing.
63. I secretly ripped up the birthday checks that my grandmother sent me.
64. The lions mighty roar could be heard across the Savannah.
65. The earthquake rumbled the foundations of our house.
66. When the wind blew the leaves rustled.
67. He took off so quickly that his tires screeched.
68. When Reuben saw what he thought was a ghost, he shrieked like a
woman.
69. I love the sound of bacon sizzling on a weekend.
70. You could hear the slap echo across the valley.
71. The thirsty dog slurped the dirty water from the puddle.
26. Oxymoron (wecixZvjvi)

A figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms
appear side by side. (wecixZagx `ywU k cvkvcvwk em| hgb- I see a wild
civility.)
Oxymorons from Everyday Life:
Open secret
Tragic comedy
Disgustingly delicious
Seriously funny
Awfully pretty
Foolish wisdom
Original copies
Liquid gas
Great Depression
Jumbo shrimp
Deafening silence
Pretty ugly
Pretty fierce
Pretty cruel
Definitely maybe
Living dzead
Cruel to be kind
Pain for pleasure
Clearly confused
Act naturally
Beautifully painful
Painfully beautiful
Walking dead
Only choice
Amazingly awful
Alone together
Virtual reality
Random order
Original copy
Happy sad
Run slowly
Awfully good
Awfully delicious
Small crowd
Dark light
Light darkness
Dark snow
Open secret
Passive aggressive
Appear invisible
Awfully lucky
Awfully pretty
Big baby
Tiny elephant
Wake up dead
Goodbye reception
Growing smaller
Least favorite
True myth
Typically weird
Typically odd
Naturally strange
Weirdly normal
Unpopular celebrity
Worthless gold
Sad joy
Liquid food
Heavy diet
Noticeable absence
Quiet presence
Short wait
Sweet agony
Oxymorn Gi D`vniYt
"I can resist anything, except temptation." - Oscar Wilde
"I like a smuggler. He is the only honest thief." - Charles Lamb
"And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true." - Alfred Tennyson
"Modern dancing is so old fashioned." - Samuel Goldwyn
"A business that makes nothing but money is a poor business." -
Henry Ford
"I am busy doing nothing." - Oxymorons
"A little pain never hurt anyone." - Word Explorations
"I am a deeply superficial person." - Andy Warhol

"No one goes to that restaurant anymore - It's always too
crowded." - Yogi Berra
"We are not anticipating any emergencies." - Word Explorations
"A joke is actually an extremely really serious issue." - Winston
Churchill
"I like humanity, but I loathe persons." - Edna St. Vincent Millay
"Always be sincere, even though you do not necessarily mean
it." - Irene Peter
Difference between Oxymoron and Paradox

It is important to understand the difference between a paradox
and an oxymoron. A paradox may consist of a sentence or even a group
of sentences. An oxymoron, on the other hand, is a combination of two
contradictory or opposite words. A paradox seems contradictory to the
general truth but it does contain an implied truth. An oxymoron,
however, may produce a dramatic effect but does not make sense.
mvwnZ Oxymorn Gi D`vniYt
D`vniY # 1
Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate!
O anything, of nothing first create!
O heavy lightness! Serious vanity!
Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms!
Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health!
Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is!
This love feel I, that feel no love in this.
Dost thou not laugh?
Romeo and Juliet, Act I, Scene I, written by William Shakespeare.
We notice a series of oxymoron being employed when Romeo confronts the
love of an inaccessible woman. An intense emotional effect is produced to
highlight his mental conflict by the use of contradictory pairs of words such as
hating love, heavy lightness, bright smoke, cold fire, and sick health.
D`vniY # 2
I find no peace, and all my war is done
I fear and hope, I burn and freeze like ice,
I flee above the wind, yet can I not arise;
In Sir Thomas Wyatts Petrarchs 134th sonnet,
The contradicting ideas of warpeace, burn .freeze, and flee

abovenot rise produce a dramatic effect in the above-mentioned lines.
D`vniY #3
The bookful blockhead ignorantly read,
With loads of learned lumber in his head,
With his own tongue still edifies his ears,
And always listning to himself appears.
Essays of Criticism by Alexander Pope
D`vniY #4
In Hamlet Shakespeare makes use of oxymoron in his plays to develop a paradox.
I will bestow him, and will answer well
The death I gave him. So, again, good night.
I must be cruel, only to be kind:
Thus bad begins and worse remains behind.
One word more, good lady.
In the above lines taken from Hamlet, he draws two contradictory ideas be
cruelbe kind. The contradiction is understood in the context of the play.
Hamlet wants to kill Claudius, the murderer of his father, who has married his
mother. Hamlet does not want his mother to be the beloved of his fathers
murderer. Therefore, he is of the view that this murder will purge her.
27. Paradox (AvcvZ weivax njI mZ/ weivavfvm)

A statement that appears to contradict itself. (hgb- That I may
rise and stand, overthrow me and bend). Paradox can prove to be very
revealing about human nature and the way that we speak. If someone
says to you "I'm a compulsive liar," do you believe them or not? That
statement in itself is a paradox, because it is self contradictory, which is
precisely what a paradox is. At the most basic level, a paradox is a
statement that is self contradictory because it often contains two
statements that are both true, but in general, cannot both be true at the
same time.
hLvb `ywU welqi ga cKZ weiva bB wK AvcvZ weiva AvQ ej gb nq, mLvb
weivavfvm Ajvi (Paradox) nq| hgb-
fwelZi j Avkv gvì gvS mi-
Nywgq AvQ wki wcZv me wkì Ai|
- Mvjvg gvdv|
-GLvb wki Ai wki wcZv Nywgq AvQ- G ee AvcvZ weivax| wK wkB gvbyli
wcZv G wPi mZ ee AvcvZ weivai Aemvb|
Paradox Gi D`vniYt
There is no one so poor as a wealthy miser.
I'm nobody.
"What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young." - George
Bernard Shaw
Wise fool
Bittersweet
"I can resist anything but temptation."-Oscar Wilde
I'm a compulsive liar- am I lying when I say that?
A rich man is no richer than a poor man.
Nobody goes to that restaurant because it is too crowded.
You shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim.
If you didn't get this message, call me.
The person who wrote something so stupid can't write at all
Men work together whether they work together or apart. - Robert Frost
Be cruel to be kind
The beginning of the end
mvwnZ Paradox Gi D`vniY:
D`vniY #1
In George Orwell's Animal Farm, the words "All animals are equal,
but some are more equal than others" are part of the cardinal rules.
Clearly this statement does not make logical sense. However, the point of
a paradox is to point out a truth, even if the statements contradict each
other.
Orwell is trying to make some sort of political statement here. Perhaps it is that
the government claims that everyone is equal when that is clearly false, or
perhaps it is that individuals have skewed perceptions of what it means to be
equal. The interpretation is up to the reader to decide.
D`vniY #2
In Shakespeare's Hamlet, the title character states "I must be cruel to be
kind." On the surface, once again, this statement does not seem to make
much sense. Can an individual convey kindness through evil?
However, Hamlet is speaking about his mother, and how he plans to ultimately
slay Claudius in order to avenge his father's death. His mother is now married to
Claudius, so of course this will be a tragedy for her. However, he does not want
his mother to be the lover of his father's murderer (unbeknownst to her) any
longer, and so he believes the murder will be for her own good.
28. Personification (ewic `vb)

A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is
endowed with human qualities or abilities. (Kvb Ro ev eMZ welqK
Rxe ev ewi Yvejx viv g~Z Kiv | hgb- Let not Ambition mock their
useful toil.)
Common Examples of Personification
'Death, thou shalt not die.'
The wind whispered through dry grass.
The flowers danced in the gentle breeze.
Time and tide waits for none.
The fire swallowed the entire forest.
Lightning danced across the sky.
The wind howled in the night.
The car complained as the key was turned.
The waves beside them danced
(from I wandered lonely as a cloud)
The avalanche devoured anything standing in its way.
Traffic slowed to a crawl.
The door protested as it opened slowly.
My house is a friend who protects me.
The moon played hide and seek with the clouds.
That book was so popular, it flew off the shelves.
My cars headlights winked at me.
She is so beautiful the camera loves her.
The stairs groaned as we walked on them.
Winters icy grip caused people to shudder.
Our vacuum hums a happy tune while it cleans.
You need to cross over at the mouth of the river.
Time flies and waits for no one.
My flowers were begging for water.
The ivy wove its fingers around the fence.
The thunder was grumbling like it was angry.
Hail pounded the houses and streets.
The cactus saluted those who drove past.
The wildfire ran through the forest at an amazing speed.
When I didnt make the team, my dream of being a star died.
Personification in Advertising
Oreo: Milk's favorite cookie
Nothing hugs like Huggies - Huggies diapers
Goldfish - The snack that smiles back - Goldfish snack crackers
Kleenex says bless you - Kleenex facial tissues
The car that cares - Kia
Unwrap a smile - Little Debbie snack cakes
Carvel - It's what happy tastes like - Carvel ice cream
mvwnZ Personification Gi D`vniYt
D`vniY #1
Taken from Act I, Scene II of Romeo and Juliet,
When well-appareled April on the heel
Of limping winter treads.
There are two personification examples here. April cannot put on a dress, and
winter does not limp and it does not have a heel on which a month can walk.
Shakespeare personifies the month of April and the winter season by giving
them two distinct human qualities.
D`vniY #2
Emily Elizabeth Dickinson employs personification in her poem Have
You Got A Brook In Your Little Heart.
Have you got a brook in your little heart,
Where bashful flowers blow,
And blushing birds go down to drink,
And shadows tremble so?
The bashful flowers, blushing birds and trembling shadows are examples of
personification.
D`vniY #3
Katherine Mansfield wrote in her short story How Pearl Button Was
Kidnapped,
Pearl Button swung on the little gate in front of the House of Boxes. It
was the early afternoon of a sunshiny day with little winds playing hide-
and-seek in it.
It personifies wind by saying that it is as playful as little children playing
hide-and-seek on a shiny day.
D`vniY #4
William Blake personifies Sunflowers in his poem Two Sunflowers Move
in a Yellow Room.
Two Sunflowers
Move in the Yellow Room.
Ah, William, were weary of weather,
said the sunflowers, shining with dew.
Our traveling habits have tired us.
Can you give us a room with a view?
The flowers are depicting a human characteristic of weariness caused by the
weather. In a human way, they make a request to the poet to put them in a room
with a window with plenty of sunshine.
D`vniY # 5
Ten thousand (daffodils) saw I at a glance, / Tossing their heads in
sprightly dance. / The waves beside them danced; but they / Out-did the
sparkling waves in glee
"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" by William Wordsworth
D`vniY # 6
Humpty Dumpty
Sat on a wall.
Humpty Dumpty
Had a great fall.
Nursery Rhyme
29. Pun (klvjvi/_K k cqvM)
A play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same
word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words. A
pun is a joke that makes a play on words. A pun, also called
paronomasia, uses words that have several meanings or words that sound
similar but have different meanings. GKwU k GKevi gv eeZ nq wewfb A_
cKvk Kij ZvK kl Ajvi (Pun) ejv nq| GB Ajvi ^vaxb I c_Kfve eeZ
nZ cvi Avevi Ab Ajviii mv_ hy ev GKv nqI eeZ nZ cvi| kli ga
w`q ev GKwU K_v GKevigv eenvi Ki GKvwaK A_i ebv mw KiZ cvib| cvVK
ev kvZv mB ebvi mvb Kieb| hgb-
K ej Cki ev PivPi,
hvnvi cfvq cfv cvq cfvKi| - Cki
1g A_ t Cki- mwKZv, - Mvcb, cfvKi- m~h|
2q A_ t Cki - Kwe CkiP`, cfvKi- msev` cfvKi cwKv|
mvwnZ Pun Gi D`vniYt
A chicken crossing the road is poultry in motion.
The flock of doves decided to stage a coo.
Peacocks are meticulous because they show attention to de tail.

Energizer Bunny arrested -- charged with battery.
Fun Puns
She had a photographic memory but never developed it.
The two pianists had a good marriage. They always were in a chord.
The grammarian was very logical. He had a lot of comma sense.
Guerrilla warfare is more than just throwing a banana.
The cartoon animator felt imprisoned by his job. He could not
free himself from his cel.
A pessimist's blood type is always B-negative.
Dockyard: A physician's garden.
Two peanuts walk into a bar, and one was a-salted.
Reading while sunbathing makes you well red.
30. Satire (eagx iPbv)

jvwUb k Sature lans _K
Satire kwU Drcb| Satire is a
literary composition, in verse
or prose, in which human folly
and vice are held up to scorn,
derision, or ridicule. AvPvi-
eenvi, ixwZ-bxwZ mskvabi Dk
Zxe klvZK fvlvq h iPbv jLv nq, ZvK eagx iPbv (Satire) ej| jvK
wkv, jvK-Pwi mskvab I mgvRi `ybx wZ-Ljbi Rb G RvZxq KweZv
DrK PveyK|
Jonathan Swifts 1726 novel Gullivers Travels is an
example of satirical fiction.
D`vniY: The hungry judges soon the sentence sign, And
wretches hang that jurymen may dine.
31. Simile (wmwgwj, Drcv/ my Zzjbvg~jK Ajvi)

A stated comparison (usually formed with "like" or "as")
between two fundamentally dissimilar things that have certain qualities
in common. Dcgqi mv_ Dcgvbi mv`k KwZ nj ZvK Simile (Drcv
Ajvi) ej| GB Ajvi- hb/ evanq cfwZ weZKevPK k cvq eeZ nq| hgb-
mvivM wSwjwgwj wSjgi vZLvwb euvKv
Avuavi gwjb nj, hb Luvc XvKv
euvKv Zjvqvi| - iex`bv_ VvKzi|
Simile examples that begin with as:
As big as an elephant
As black as coal
As blind as a bat
As bold as brass
As brave as a lion
As bright as a button
As busy as a bee
As cheap as dirt
As clean as a whistle
As clear as mud
As clear as crystal
As cold as ice
As cool as a cucumber
As cunning as a fox
As cute as a bug's ear
As dead as a doornail
As deaf as a post
As dry as a bone
As dull as dishwater
As easy as ABC
As fit as a fiddle
As flat as a pancake
As free as a bird
As fresh as a daisy
As gentle as a lamb
As good as gold
As hard as nails
As heavy as lead
As innocent as a lamb
As long as a month of Sundays

As happy as a dog with two tails
As difficult as nailing jelly to a tree
As loose as a goose
As mad as a hatter
As mad as a hornet
As nutty as a fruitcake
As old as the hills
As pale as death
As playful as a kitten
As pleased as Punch
As proud as a peacock
As quick as lightning
As regular as clockwork
As scarce as hen's teeth
As sharp as a razor
As sick as a dog
As silent as the grave S= wmwgwj, m= gUvdvi
As slippery as an eel
As slow as molasses in January
As sly as a fox
As snug as a bug in a rug
As solid as the ground we stand on
As sour as vinegar
As steady as a rock
As stiff as a board
As honest as the day is long
As straight as an arrow
As strong as an ox
As stubborn as a mule
As sturdy as an oak
As sweet as pie
As tall as a giraffe
As thin as a rake
As tight as a drum
As timid as a rabbit
As tough as old boots
As quiet as a church mouse
As nervous as a long tailed cat in a room full of rocking chairs
As useless as a chocolate teapot

As plain as the nose on your face
As warm as toast
As welcome as a skunk at a lawn party
As white as snow
As wise as an owl
Similes Can Also Start with "Like"
(Sing) like an angel
(Act) like an animal
(Eat) like a bird
(Fight) like cats and dogs
(Work) like a dog
Like a dream
(Soar) like an eagle
Like fingernails on a chalkboard
Like a fish
(Racing) like a frightened rabbit
(Have eyes) like a hawk
(Eat) like a horse
(Sleep) like a log
Like a moth to the flame
(Eat) like a pig
Like a pile of rocks
Like a rose
Like a screaming baby
Like stars
(Meandered) like a stream
Like two peas in a pod
Like a volcano
Well-known similes are:
cute as a kitten, comparing the way someone looks to the way
a kitten looks
as busy as a bee comparing someones level of energy to a
fast-flying bee
"as happy as a clam" comparing someone's happiness to the
contentment of a clam
"Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're

going to get." comparing the uncertainty of life to the uncertainty
of choosing a chocolate from a box
I wandered lonely as a cloud.
My love is like a red, red rose.
They fought like cats and dogs.
My love for you is as deep as the ocean.
I am so thirsty, that my throat is as dry as a bone.
32. Sonnet (mbU)

Sonnet is a poem of fourteen lines using any of a number of
formal rhyme schemes, in English typically having ten syllables per line.
BZvjxq mbUv (Sonetto) k _K mbU ki Drcw| hvi A_ sound, g`y awb ev
Mvb| mbU GK RvZxq gbq KweZv| BZvjxq Kwe cvK (Petrarch) mbUi RbK| evsjv
Kve mvwnZ gvBKj gaym~`b ` c_g mbU iPbv Kib| Zuvi LvwZ ay ceZK wnmeB
bq, DuPz ìi mbU iPwqZv wnmeI| mbUi c_g AvU jvBbi eKK ejv nq AK
(Octave) Ges cii Qq jvBbi eKK ejv nq lU&K ev lK (Sestet)| c_g AvU
jvBb (AK) h fve-Kbvi BwZ Kiv nq, lU&K Zv cwic~YZv jvf Ki|
Shakespeare mbUi AK I lUK wefvM gb Pjb wb| Milton Ges Wordsworth
BZvwjqvb cvbyM| Milton gvUvgywU KvwmK Q` cqvMi ccvwZ wQjb, wK BsiwR
mbU AviK iKg wgji cPjb ewk `Lv hvq - KLKL, MNMN, QQ (abab, cdcd, efef,
gg)| Shakespeare Gi mbUB G ixwZ ewk j Kiv hvq|
33. Synecdoche (wmbKWwK/jYv)

A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole
(for example, ABCs for alphabet) or the whole for a part ("England won
the World Cup in 1966"). A synecdoche is a type of trope, which is a
figure of speech. When used in literature, a synecdoche will add to the
visual imagery of the passage and enhance the readers experience.
Difference between Synecdoche and Metonymy
Synecdoche examples are often misidentified as metonymy
(another literary device). Both may resemble each other to some extent
but they are not the same. Synecdoche refers to the whole of a thing by
the name of any one of its parts. For example, calling a car wheels is a
synecdoche because a part of a car wheels stands for the whole car.
However, in metonymy, the word we use to describe another thing is
closely linked to that particular thing, but is not necessarily a part of it.
For example, crown that refers to power or authority is a metonymy

used to replace the word king or queen.
Synecdoche Examples from Everyday Life

The word bread refers to food or money as in Writing is my
bread and butter or sole breadwinner.
The phrase gray beard refers to an old man.
The word sails refers to a whole ship.
The word suits refers to businessmen.
The word boots usually refers to soldiers.
The word glasses refers to spectacles.
Coppers often refers to coins.
mvwnZ Synecdoche Gi D`vniYt

D`vniY # 1
Coleridge employs synecdoche in his poem The Rime of the Ancient
Mariner:
The western wave was all a-flame.
The day was well was nigh done!
Almost upon the western wave
Rested the broad bright Sun
The western wave is a synecdoche as it refers to the sea by the name of one of
its parts i.e. wave.
D`vniY # 2
Look at the use of synecdoche in the lines taken from Shakespeares
Sonnet 116:
O no! It is an ever-fixed mark
That looks on tempests and is never shaken.
The phrase ever-fixed mark refers to a lighthouse.
D`vniY # 3
Look how Shelly uses synecdoche in his poem Ozymandias:
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read
Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,
The hand that mocked them.
The hand in the above lines refers to the sculptor who carved the lifeless
things into a grand statue.
34. Tragedy (weqvMvK bvUK)

wekLvZ gbxlx Aristotle UvRwWi msv wb`k KiZ wMq ejQb,
A tragedy is the imitation of an action that is serious and also, as
having magnitude, complete in itself; in appropriate and pleasurable
language;... in a dramatic rather than narrative form; with incidents
arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish a catharsis of these
emotions. kxkP` `vm Aristotle Gi GB weLvZ msvwUK Gfve Abyev` KiQb-
ig bvqK ev bvwqKvi MwZgvb Rxeb Kvwnbxi `k ciiv DcvwcZ KiZ: h bvUK
`kKi `q Dw` fxwZ I KiYv ckgb Kwiqv Zvnvi gb KiY- imi Avb` mw Ki,
ZvnvB UvRwW|
AvZ civfZ ev AwffZ gvbe Rxebi KiY KvwnbxK mvaviYZ Tragedy
ejv nq- msvwU mgvjvPK kxkP` `vmi| mvaviY A_ gZy, weQ` ev `y:LRbK NUbvi
ga w`q h bvUK kl nq, ZvK UvRwW bvUK ej| Rxebi myKvgj weKvki wecixZ
h Pig `ytL, ggvwK Rvjv, e_Zv I Ac~YZv Awbevh nq IV Zv-B UvRwWi DcRxe|
wMK UvRwWZ Rxebi GB KiY cwiYwZ wbqwZ wbavwiZ, è weo^bvi dmj| Avi
kcxqii UvRwWZ ^xKZ fyji `yfvM weklfve cKvwkZ| A_vr Zuvi UvRwWZ
gvbyl Zvi cZb ev gZzi Rb wbRB `vqx wK wMK UvRwWZ gZy AeavwiZ bq|
wvdvi gvjv Zvi Doctor Faustus (W. dm&Uvm) bvUK Ggb GK ewi Rxebi
UvRwW Ab KiQb, whwb ivRv ev ivReskvZ KD bb|
35. Understatement (b~bvw)

A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker deliberately
makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is.
Understatement is way of speaking which minimizes the significance of
something. When using understatement, a speaker or writer often
employs restraint in describing the situation at hand and uses an
expression with less emphasis or strength than would be expected.
One very famous example of understatement occurred during a

plane crash in 1982. After all four engines of British Airways Flight 9
failed due to volcanic ash, the captain of the flight made the following
announcement: Ladies and Gentlemen, this is your Captain
speaking. We have a small problem. All four engines have stopped.
We are doing our damnedest to get them going again. I trust you are
not in too much distress. The situation at hand was clearly much more
severe than a small problem, as the captain described it.
mvwnZ Understatement Gi D`vniYt

D`vniY # 1
Ill go with you and Ill stay with you all the time. They just let
the air in and then its all perfectly natural.
(Hills like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway)
Ernest Hemingway was a king of understatement, and believed it was an
extremely important aspect of writing well. In this famous short story of his, a
couple is discussing the womans upcoming abortion.
D`vniY # 2
In Mark Twains Huckleberry Fin,
[Aunt Sally] Good gracious, anybody hurt?
[Huck] Nom. Killed a nigger.
Dream is not that which you see while sleeping;

it is something that will not let you sleep.
(gvbyl Nywgq hv `L Zv ^c bq;
^c Zv- hv gvbylK NygvZ `q bv)
-G wc R Avyj Kvjvg


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A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 1

for BCS and other competitive exams

Confidence Research Work Ltd.

A Handbook on English Literature

First Edition (Hand Written) : 16 December 2013

Reserved by the Publisher

Fixed Price: Tk. 100.00

Table of Contents (m~wPc)

1. The Old English Period 11

2. The Middle English Period 15

b) The Augustan Period: 74

5. The Romantic Period 89

6. The Victorian Period 113

7. The Modern and The Post Modern Periods 13

9. GK bRi iZc~Y mvwnwZK`i Dcvwa 189

10. Aviv wKQz iZc~Y Z_ 190

Previous Questions: 192

11. Top 35 Figures of Speech 216

GB eBwU mvgwMK BsiwR mvwnZ mwKZ| hyivR Z_v

Important Periods of English Literature

2. The Middle English Period : 1066-1500

1400-1485/1500: The Dark/ Barren Period

3. The Renaissance : 1500-1660

4. The Neo-Classical Period : 1660-1798

1745-1785/98: The Age of Sensibility

5. The Romantic Period : 1798-1832

6. The Victorian Period : 1832-1901

Shorter 1901-1910: The Edwardian Period

8. The Post Modern Period : 1939-present

1. The Old English Period

1. The Old English Period

G hyM mwKZ wKQz iZc~Y Z_:

G hyMi Ab bvg The Anglo Saxon Period;

Anglo Saxon Period Gi wKQz iZc~Y mvwnwZK:

BsiwR mvwnZi Avw` wb`kb:

GB gnvKvei jLKi bvg

GwUK The Earliest Epic (gnvKve) in England-I ejv nq

KvewU vwbwfqv Aji cUf~wgZ iwPZ njI Bsjvi RvZxq

GB Heroic Epic wUZ 3182 wU jvBb wQj| gnvKvei bvqKi bvg

2. The Middle English Period

2. The Middle English Period

gahyMi wKQz iZc~Y NUbv:

In 1295, English Parliament was established.

Middle English Period Gi wKQz iZc~Y mvwnwZK:

2. John Wycliff: (DBwKd, 1331-1384)

Titles Evening Star of English Scholasticism (gahyMxq

He was an English scholastic philosopher, theologian,

3. Sir Thomas Malory: (1415-1471)

4. Dante: (`v AvwjwMwi; 1265-1321)

Drama & Play Gi ga cv_K:

When life shows you a hundred reasons to cry,

ibmuv hyM mwKZ wKQz iZc~Y Z_:

ivbx GwjRve_i (1558 -1603) c~ e G hy Mi

Mona Lisa wfwi AuvKv KwZ nwjKvi Madonna and Child

a. The Elizabethan Period

Titles of the Age:

G hyMi wKQz iZc~Y Z_: ivbx GwjRve_

A good face is the best letter of recommendation.

Elizabethan Period Gi wKQz iZc~Y mvwnwZK:

1. Thomas Norton (1532-1584) Ges

2. Christopher Marlowe: (1564-1593)

Famous Tragedies of Marlowe:

(i) Doctor Faustus (Wi dvm&) ***