Muscular System esophagus, bronchi and in the walls

of blood vessels.
Characteristics common to muscle
tissue

Contractility: ability of the muscle to

shorten.

Extensibility: ability of muscle to

lengthen.
Cardiac muscle only in the walls of
Elasticity: ability of muscle to return the heart.
to normal size.
Similar to:
Atrophy: is the wasting of muscle
tissue skeletal muscle -striated

Hypertrophy: is the increase in size smooth muscle- involuntarily

of muscle tissue. controlled

Controlled by nerve stimuli.

Fed by capillaries.

Different types muscle tissue

Structure of skeletal muscle
Smooth

Cardiac

Skeletal

Skeletal Muscles (striated or

voluntary muscles)

are those which attach to bones

and have the main function of
contracting to facilitate movement of
our skeletons.

Structure of skeletal muscle

Smooth muscle (Unstriated)
Involuntary muscle due to our
inability to control its movements.
Found in the walls of hollow
organs such as the stomach,
Epimysium:
This is the connective tissue wrap
just under the deep fascia that
surrounds the entire muscle
Perimysium:
This connective tissue surrounds
each individual fascicle (bundle of
 muscle fibers).
Endomysium:
This is the connective tissue
wrapped around each
individual muscle cell (fiber).
Myofibrils: threadlike fibrils
that make up the contractile
part of a striated muscle fiber.
Muscle fibers are made up of a group
o f myofibrils.
Myofibrils contain myofilaments.
The myofibrils have distinct,
repeating microanatomical units,
termed sarcomeres, which represent
the basic contractile units of the
muscle fiber/cell (myocyte).
Myofilaments (actin & myosin)
are responsible for muscle
movement.
Myofilaments: (Thick and Thin)
Myosin: thick filaments
Actin: thin filaments
A unit of thick and thin filaments is
known as a Sarcomere.
These structures hold the key to
muscle contraction. The staggered
thin and thick filaments has the effect
as one might pull a rope towards
oneself hand over hand.
Structure of
skeletal muscle
Origin and insertion of muscles
Origin: the point where the tendon
attaches to the bone which does not
move during muscle action.
Insertion: the point where the tendon
attaches to the bone which moves
during an action.
e.g. Action of biceps muscle: Scapula
is origin (Proximal point) and radius
is the insertion. (distal point)
State the origin and insertion of the
following muscles:
(show a picture of each with your
answer)
Anterior muscles
deltoid
pectoralis major & minor
iliopsoas
sartorius
quadriceps group
 (rectus femoris, vastus
intermedialis,

vastus medialis, vastus lateralis.)

Tibialis anterior

Abdominus rectus

External obliques

Biceps brachii

Rectus Femoris

Origin inferior pelvis

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Intermedius

Vastus Medialis

Origin proximal femur

Rectus
Femoris Actions: flex hip, extend
knee (two joint muscle)

Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Intermedius Action: extend Posterior Muscles
knee (single joint muscle)
Trapezius
Vastus Medialis
triceps brachii

latissimus dorsi

gluteus maximus

hamstrings group (biceps femoris,

semitendinosus,
semimembranosus)

gastrocnemius

soleus

erector spinae

State the
origin and insertion of the following
muscles:

(show a picture of each with your

answer)
 One Joint Muscle

Two Joint Muscle