TITLE:- SQUARE DRILLING

Synopsis

Submitted for the partial fulfillment of

B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering

Session: 2013-14

Submitted By: Supervised By:

1. AEKANSH JAIN, (1006840006) PRANSHU AGARWAL

2. ASHISH JAIN, (1006840019)

3. ASHISH RAJPUT, (1006840022)

4. MANJEET SINGH, (1006840049)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MEERUT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

GBTU, LUCKNOW
1. Objective and scope of the project :-

The machine which can cut holes is a drilling machine and which uses special tools to cut square
cross section is a square drilling machine. The main objective of our project is to make square
holes using a drilling machine .The scope of this project is not only limited to carrying
cylindrical blocks where motion is flat and horizontal and doesnt bob up and down (the reason
being the vertical cross section of cylinder is a circle) but also find many applications where
drilling a circular hole doesnt find applications and a square hole comes into role.

2. Introduction:-

Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut or enlarge a hole of circular cross-section
in solid materials. The drill bit is a rotary cutting tool, often multipoint. The bit is pressed against
the workpiece and rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minute. This
forces the cutting edge against the workpiece, cutting off chip (swarf) from the hole as it is
drilled.

Exceptionally, specially-shaped bits can cut holes of non-circular cross-section; a square cross-
section is possible. A Reuleaux triangle is the simplest and best known Reuleaux polygon. It is a
curve of constant width, meaning that the separation of two parallel lines tangent to the curve is
independent of their orientation.

The Reuleaux triangle is a constant width curve based on an equilateral triangle. All points on a
side are equidistant from the opposite vertex.

3. Literature Review :-

Published in The Mathematics Teacher, October 1993 (Volume 86 Number 7) by SCOTT

SMITH. A bit that drills square holes it defies common sense. How can a revolving edge cut
anything but a circular hole? Not only do such bits exist (as well as bits for pentagonal,
hexagonal and octagonal holes), but they derive their shape from a simple geometric construction
known as a Reuleaux triangle (after Franz Reuleaux, 1829-1905) as shown in fig .
 Reuleaux triangle

4. Problem formulation:-

A Reuleaux triangle is the simplest and best known Reuleaux polygon. It is a curve of constant
width, meaning that the separation of two parallel lines tangent to the curve is independent of
their orientation. Because all diameters are the same, the Reuleaux triangle is one answer to the
question "Other than a circle, what shape can a manhole cover be made so that it cannot fall
down through the hole?" The term derives from Franz Reuleaux, a 19th-century German
engineer who did pioneering work on ways that machines translate one type of motion into
another, although the concept was known before his time. By the BlaschkeLebesgue theorem,
the Reuleaux triangle has the least area of any curve of given constant width. This area is

, where s is the constant width. The existence of Reuleaux polygons shows that
diameter measurements alone cannot verify that an object has a circular cross-section.

The area of Reuleaux triangle is smaller than that of the disk of the same width (i.e. diameter);

the area of such a disk is .This principle helps in drilling of square holes using a reuleaux
triangle as a tool base.
5. Methodology:-

To construct a Reuleaux triangle, start with an equilateral triangle of sides .With a radius equal to
s and the center at one of the vertices, draw an arc connecting the other two vertices. Similarly,
draw arcs connecting the endpoints of the other two sides. The three arcs form the Reuleaux
triangle. One of its properties is that of constant width, meaning the figure could be rotated
completely around between two parallel lines separated by a common distance.
It was with this property of constant width that the Reuleaux triangle was introduced in a sidebar
of our geometry text .

The constant width property can be used to transport loads, but not by using Reuleaux triangles
as wheels. If several poles had congruent Reuleaux triangles as cross sections, bulky items could
ride atop them Movement would occur as poles were transferred from back to front, providing a
moveable base of constant height.

But the Reuleaux triangle cannot be a wheel.Even if four Reuleaux triangle wheels were
synchronized, the load would rise and fall continuously youd need Dramamine to ride this
cart!

Not only does the Reuleaux triangles have practical and interesting applications, and is easy to
describe geometrically, but it generates a lot of discussion due to its non intuitive properties.
With this background, you can avoid the blunders. Further explorations into the topic might
include other figures of constant width (see Gardner and Rademacher/Toeplitz); further
identifying the curve of the Reuleaux triangles center as it cuts a square; and the shapes of bits
for pentagonal, hexagonal and octagonal holes.

6. Limitations:-

The only conceivable point for the axle, at the triangles centroid, is not the same distance from
the Reuleaux triangles sides. The reuleaux triangle centroid doesnt follow a circular path so
due to this fact square drilling tool is a competition by itself which need to be performed by
perfect edges and curves to obtain a perfect drill.
7. References:-

1. How to Drill Square, Hexagon, Octagon, and Pentagon Holes. Wilmerding, Penn: Watts
Brothers Tool Works, 1966.

2. Moise and Downs, Teachers Edition, p. 555

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuleaux_triangle

4. http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/DrillingASquareHole

5. http://www.mikesenese.com/DOIT/2011/10/drilling-square-holes-with-a-reuleaux-triangle

6. http://geogebra.org/en/wiki/index.php/How_to_drill_a_square_hole

7. http://seminarprojects.com/s/square-drill-ppt

8. http://www.scribd.com/doc/28569167/Square-Holes-with-Drill