Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Nanoporous materials : Bulk materials(Activated Carbon, Zeolites, Metal Organic Frameworks) [Adsorbent, Catalyst]
+ Membranes
Ch.1. Introduction
- Adsorption : / Absorption :
Adsorption processes
Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) : Liquid phase (when separation factor < 2)
Adsorptive separation
(Isotherm )
: &
(ex. N2/O2 separation using zeolites -> a large majority of processes .. High productivity)
- Molecular sieving
Kinetic separation
Air separation can be accomplished with about 1/4 of the work that is needed for the same separation
by using N2-selctive zeolite
- Other examples
Commercial adsorbents
High selectivity
Regenerability
Fast adsorption/desorption
Cost
Working capacity
- Regeneration
Ch.2. Introduction
Adsorption occurs when the interaction potential energy is equal to the work done to bring a gas
molecule to the adsorbed state
= G = 0 = ( 0 ) ............. (2.1)
Dipole moment : a quantity that describes two opposite charges separated by a distance
=qr
Quadruple moment : Molecules have quadrupole moments dues to the concentration of electric charge at
four separates.
Isosteric heat of adsorption (H) at low coverage vs. sorbate-sorbent interaction potential ()
For a given sorbent, the sorbate-sorbent interaction potential depends on the properties of the sorbate
F, electrostatic interactions
(1) Sorbents without charges on surfaces (e.g. activated carbon)
D, R dominates ( Ind = 0)
Molecular weight ( & x) of sorbates should be different
e.g.) Xe/Kr : Xe (4.04 * 10-24 cm3) > Kr (2.48 * 10-24 cm3)
Separation is possible (Non-polar )
Equilibrium isotherms of all components in gas mixture, in P&T range of operation, must be considered
Based on isotherms, the following factors that are important to the design of the separation process can
be estimated
Capacity of sorbent, in operating P&T range
Method of sorbent regeneration (e.g. PSA, VSA, PVSA, or TSA)
Length of unusable (or unused) bed (LUB)
ex) PSA : adsorption (5-10 bar) / desorption (0.1-1 bar), T : 20~30
PSA : ,
VSA : ,
PVSA : ,
TSA : , ( : cycle time, )