Grammar Bank I

GRAMMAR BANK I
6 EDUCACIN PRIMARIA
CEIP BENITO PREZ GALDS
Name: .. Group:
English 6 Ed. Primaria
CEIP Benito Prez Galds
Majadahonda GRAMMAR BANK I
1
NDICE
BE: PRESENT SIMPLE . 3
HAVE GOT / BE OR HAVE GOT? ... 5
POSSESIVESS. DEMONSTRATIVES PRONOUNS. ..... 7
PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS .. 9
THERES / THERE ARE 11
QUESTION WORDS . 13
PRESENT SIMPLE 15
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY .. 17
SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS . 18
PRESENT CONTINUOUS ... 19
CAN / CANT .. 23
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES. 25
BE: PAST SIMPLE. THERE WAS / THERE WERE 27
PAST SIMPLE 29
PAST CONTINUOUS 31
COULD / COULDNT 33
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE 35
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND MOVEMENT .. 36
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS. . 41
SOME AND ANY. HOW MANY / HOW MUCH? .. 43
QUANTIFIERS: MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF / LOTS OF / FEW / LITTLE 45
IRREGULAR VERBS LIST 47
2
BE: PRESENT SIMPLE
Forma afirmativa: sujeto + am / is / are
Im French. Soy francs.
Afirmativa Formas contractas

I am Im
He / she / it is Hes / shes / its
You / we / they are Youre / were / theyre
Forma negativa: sujeto + am / is / are + not
Al hablar se suelen utilizar las formas contractas.
She isnt in the kitchen. No est en la cocina.
Negativa Formas contractas

I am not Im not
He / she / it is not He / she / it isnt
You / we / they are not You / we / they arent
Forma interrogativa: Am / Is / Are + sujeto ?
El signo de interrogacin se coloca al final de la frase.
En las respuestas breves afirmativas no se utilizan las formas contractas.
Are you from Spain? Yes, we are. Sois espaolas? S.
Interrogativa Respuestas breves

Afirmativa Negativa
Am I ? Yes, I am No, Im not
Is he / she / it ? Yes, he / she / it is No, he / she / it isnt
Are you / we / they ? Yes, you / we / they are No, you / we / they arent
Usos
El verbo be se traduce por ser y estar.
My friends are German. Mis amigos son alemanes.
We are tired. Estamos cansados.
Con ciertas expresiones se debe utilizar el verbo be, y no have. OJO!

Im thirteen. (NO I have thirteen). Tengo treces aos.
Im hungry (NO I have hungry). Tengo hambre.
Im hot (NO I have hot). Tengo calor.
3
ACTIVITIES
BE: PRESENT SIMPLE
1. Complete de text. Use be affirmative or negative.
My name is Mark and I (1) fourteen years old. I (2) from England Im
from Ireland. My favourite bands (3) .. the Black Eyed Peas and The Beatles. My
favourite subject (4) . Spanish. My favourite colour (5) red. My teacher (6)
. Irish - shes from Spain. My best friends (7) .. Kate and Ben. They (8)
. Fourteen theyre twuelve.
2. Write questios about Mark. Use be. Then answer the questions
What / be / Marks nationality? What is Marks nationality? Hes Irish.
1) How old / he / be? .
2) What / be / his favourite bands? .
3) What / be / his favourite colour? .
4) Which subject / he / be / good at? ..
5) Who / be / his best friends? .
6) How old / be / his best friends? ..
7) Where / his teacher / be / from? .
3. Now, write about you.
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
4
HAVE GOT
Forma afirmativa: sujeto + have / has + got + objeto directo.

En la tercera persona del singular se utiliza has got.
Lucy has got a sister. Lucy tiene una hermana.

I / we / you / they have got Ive / Youve / weve / theyve got
He / she / it has got Hes / shes / its got
Forma negativa: sujeto + have / has + not + got + objeto directo.

They havent got a bike. No tienen una bicicleta.

I / we / you / they have not got Ive / Youve / weve / they havent got
He / she / it has not got Hes / shes / it hasnt got
Forma interrogativa: Have / has + sujeto + got + objeto directo.

En las respuestas breves afirmativas no se utilizan las formas contractas. En las respuestas breves
no se utiliza got.
Has Bryan got a sister? Yes, he has. Tiene Bryan una hermana? S.

Afirmativa Negativa
Have I / we / you / they got ? Yes, I / we / you / they have No, I / we / you / they havent
Has he / she / it got? Yes, he / she / it has No, he / she / it hasnt
Usos.
Have got significa tener y se utiliza para expresar posesin.
Ive got a new mobile pone. Tengo un telfono mvil nuevo.
Have got tambin se utiliza para describir el aspecto fsico.
Has he got blue eyes? Tiene los ojos azules?
5
ACTIVITIES
HAVE GOT
1. Put the words in the correct order to make questions. Then write short answers.
you / have / a twin sister / got /? Have you got a twin sister? No, I havent.
1) got / friends / bikes / your / have /?-

2) brown eyes / you / have / got /? -
3) has / got / a balcony / your flat /? - ..
4) got / has / fair hair / best friend / your /? - ..
2. Complete the sentences. Use be or have got.

My brother has got glasses.
1) Robert . a sister.
2) I . really cold.
3) you thirteen? No, I
4) My dads eyes blue.
5) My friend long hair.
3. Write sentences about your family and friends. Use be and have got.
My mum has got a brother and a sister.
Mnica is my best friend.
1) .
2) .
3) .
4) .
5) .
4. Read the description and draw the monster Pitrinky. Later, draw your own monster and
describe it.
My monsters name is Pitrinky. Its red and
green. Its got three yellow eyes and a very
big mouth. Its nose is purple and very big.
Its got three long legs and two short arms.
Pitrinky is very fun.
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POSSESSIVES. DEMONSTRATIVES PRONOUNS
Possesives (Posesivo en s)
Se aade s a sustantivos y nombres propios para expresar posesin.
Janes dad (NO the dad of Jane). El padre de Jane.
My sisters friend (NO the friend of my sister). La amiga/el amigo de mi hermana.
Con sustantivos en plural acabados en s, slo se aade el apstrofo ().
His friends class. La clase de sus amigos.
Con nombres de lugares y cosas se utiliza la preposicin of, y no la forma s.
The capital of Spain is Madrid.(NO Spains capital is Madrid). La capital de Espaa es Madrid.
The title of the book. (NO the books title). El ttulo del libro.
Demonstrative pronouns (Pronombres demostrativos)

singular plural
This These
(este / esta / esto) (estos / estas)
That Those
(ese / esa / eso, aquel / aquella / aquello) (esos / esas, aquellos / aquellas)
En ingls los pronombres demostrativos slo tienen singular y plural. No tienen variacin de gnero.
This y these se refieren a algo o alguien que est cercano a la persona que habla.
This is a pencil. Esto es un lpiz.
These are my books. Estos son mis libros.
That y those se refieren a personas y cosas que estn ms lejos de la persona que habla.
Thats my brother. Ese / aquel es mi hermano.
Those are his French books. Esos / aquellos son sus libros de francs.
This se utiliza para presentar a la gente.
This is Joseph. Este es Joseph.
That se utiliza para confirmar que algo es correcto.
Are you Mary? Thats right. (NO Yes). Eres Mary? S.
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ACTIVITIES
POSSESSIVES. DEMONSTRATIVES PRONOUNS
1. Rewrite the sentences. Use the possessive s and .

Tom has got a car. Its big. Toms car is big.
1) My sister has got a bike. Its new.- .
2) My parents have got a house. Its small.- ..
3) Andrew has got a sister. Shes eleven.- .
4) My brothers have got a motorbike. Its red.- ..
5) Claudia has got a cat. Hes cute.-
2. Rewrite the phrases. Use the possessive s, the possessive , and of

my brothers / computer My brothers computer.
the basketball team / the name The name of the basketball team.
1) England / the capital -

2) the teacher / book -
3) your friend / pet -
4) the film / the end - .
5) her eyes / the colour -
6) the students / classroom - .
3. Complete the sentences. Use this or these.
This is y dog. 3) . are your parents.
1) arent my books 4) Are ... our desk?

2) Is your brother? 5) .. is a green pencil.
4. Complete the sentences. Use that or those.

Those are my pens. 3) Are .. your grandparents?
1) .. s my teacher. 4) ..s our CD player.
2) .. isnt my classroom. 5) Are .. your books?
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PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
Pronouns and possessive adjectives. (Pronombres y adjetivos posesivos)

Pronombre sujeto Adjetivo posesivo (determinante posesivo)
I my (mi, mis)
You your (tu, tus, su, us, de usted)
He his (su, sus, de l)
She her (su, sus, de ella)
It its (su, sus, de un objeto o animal)
We our (nuestro/a, nuestros/as)
You your (vuestro/a, vuestros/as, de ustedes)
They their (su, sus, de ellos/as)
Los adjetivos posesivos acompaan a los sustantivos.

We like our car. Nos gusta nuestro coche. / Wheres my pen? Dnde est mi bolgrafo?
Los adjetivos posesivos no tienen variacin de nmero. No cambian dependiendo de si se posee una
cosa o varias.
My hair / my eyes. Mi pelo / mis ojos. Our dog / our books. Nuestro libro / nuestros
Your nose / your glasses. Tu nariz / tus gafas. libros.
His brother / his parents. Su hermano / sus Your house / your friends. Vuestra casa /
padres. vuestros amigos.
Its food / its toys. Su comida / sus juguetes. Their sister / their grandparents. Su hermana /
sus abuelos.
Ten cuidado al utilizar its e its OJO!
Its = adjetivo posesivo Its = It is (es)
My cat is brown, but its eyes are green Whats this? Its a pencil.
My gato es marrn, pero sus ojos son verdes. Qu es esto? Es un lpiz.
Indefinite pronouns. (Pronombres indefinidos)

Someone / anyone. Se utilizan para referirse a las personas.
En las oraciones afirmativas se utiliza someone:

Theres someone in the living room. Hay alguien en el saln.
En las interrogativas y negativas se utiliza anyone:
Is there anyone in the classroom? Hay alguien en la clase?
There isnt anyone in the restaurant. No hay nadie en el restaurante.
Something / anything. Se utilizan para referirse a las cosas.
En las oraciones afirmativas se utiliza something:

I want something to eat. Quiero comer algo.
En las oraciones interrogativas y negativas se utiliza anything:
Is there anything to do? Hay algo que hacer?
Beatriz hasnt got anything to drink. Beatriz no tiene nada para beber.
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ACTIVITIES
PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS.
1. Complete the sentences. Use the correct possessive adjectives.

I do my homework.
1) You do ... homework. 4) We do . homework.
2) He does . homework. 5) They do . homework.
3) She does homework 6) I do exercises.
2. Choose the correct options.
This is we / our school.
1) It / Its name is The City School. 6) Its / Its quarter to one.

2) She / Her has got green eyes. 7) He / His hair is red.
3) Have they / their got dark hair. 8) Are you / your her sister?
4) This is you / your notebook. 9) What are they / their names?
5) I / My best friend has got freckles.
3. Complete the sentences. Use pronouns and possessive adjectives.
AMY Whos that boy?
JOE Where?
AMY Hes got glasses. (1) . re black.
JOE Oh! (2) . names Paul. (3) .. s new.
AMY Is he in (4) .. class?
JOE No, he isnt. Hes in (5) sisters class.
AMY Your sisters class? But (6) . s in Year 7. So, hes eleven years old!
JOE Yes. (7) . s very big.
4. Complete the sentences. Use someone, anyone, something and anything.

Dont touch anything.
1) Im thirsty but I havent got to drink.
2) Theres . in the kitchen. Who is it?
3) Do you know . in Ireland?
4) Ow! Ive got in my eye!
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THERES / THERE ARE
Forma afirmativa:
There is + a + sustantivo contable en singular.

There is a picture on the wall. Hay un cuadro en la pared.
There is + some + sustantivo incontable.
Theres some money in the bag. Hay algo de dinero en la bolsa.
There are + some + sustantivo contable en plural.
There are some books. Hay unos / algunos libros.

Singular There is a / some Theres a / some
Plural There are some -
Forma negativa:
There is + not + a + sustantivo contable en singular.

There isnt a CD. No hay un / ningn CD.
There is + not + any + sustantivo incontable.
There isnt any milk . No hay (nada de) leche.
There are + not + any + sustantivo contable en plural.
There arent any chairs. No hay sillas / ninguna silla.

Singular There is not a / any There isnt a / any
Plural There are not any There arent any
Forma interrogativa:
Is there + a + sustantivo contable en singular.

Is there a table? Yes, there is. Hay una mesa? S.
Is there + any + sustantivo incontable.
Is there any milk? No, there isnt. Hay (algo de) leche? No.
Are there + any + sustantivo contable en plural.
Are there any pens? Yes, there are. Hay algn boli? S.

Afirmativa Negativa
Singular Is there a / some ? Yes, there is. No, there isnt.
Plural Are there any ? Yes, there are. No, there arent.
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ACTIVITIES
THERES / THERE ARE

There are / Theres two pencils.
1) Is there / Theres a purple notebook?
2) There arent / There isnt a green ruler.
3) There are / there arent any pens but there are two pencils.
4) Theres / Is there a blue bag.
5) Is there / Are there any new books?
2. Correct the mistakes.

There are any posters in your classroom? Are there any posters in your classroom?
1) There are a TV in my bedroom - ...
2) How many boys there are in your class? - ..
3) There isnt any chairs. - ..
4) Is there a lot of people in your family? - ...
5) What there is in the fridge? - ..
3. Write affirmative and negative sentences about your home. Use theres / there are and the
words in the box or your own ideas.
bookcase CD player chair computer desk
Theres a bookcase in my living room.
1) ..
2) ..
3) ..
4) ..
5) ..
6) ..
7) ..
8) ..
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QUESTION WORDS
Who? Quin?
Who is your favourite singer? Quin es tu cantante preferido?
When? Cundo? / A qu hora?
When is your birthday? Cundo es tu cumpleaos?
When do you go to bed? A qu hora te sueles acostar?
How often? Con qu frecuencia?
How often do you play tennis? Con qu frecuencia juegas al tennis?
What? Qu? / Cul?
What programmes do you watch on TV? Qu programas ves en la tele?
Whats your favourite subject? Cul es tu asignatura preferida?
What sports do you like? Qu deportes te gustan?
How? Cmo?
How are you? Cmo ests? / Qu tal ests?
How do you spell science? Cmo se deletrea science?
Where? Dnde?
Where is my dictionary? Dnde est mi diccionario?
Where do you live? Dnde vives?
Why? Por qu?
Why do you like him? Because hes fun. Por qu te gusta? Porque es divertido.
Which? Qu? / Cul?. Se utiliza cuando hay un nmero de personas o cosas limitado.
Which actor do you prefer, Brad Pitt or George Clooney?
Qu actor prefieres, Brat Pitt o George Clooney?
Which bus do you take to school? Qu autobs coges para ir al colegio?
ACTIVITIES How What When Where

1. Complete the questions. Use the words in the box.
Who Why
1) Whats his name?
2) .. do you like art? 5) .. do you have lunch?
3) often do you go to the cinema? 6) .. s your favourite actress?
4) . do you live?
2. Match the questions in exercise 1 with the correct answers.
Paul Williams. 1
a) Every weekend. ___ d) In Oxford. ___
b) Penlope Cruz. ___ e) Because its interesting. ___
c) At half past twelve. ___
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14
PRESENT SIMPLE
Forma afirmativa: sujeto + verbo. Afirmativa

I like tennis. Me gusta el tenis. / He likes tennis. Le gusta el tenis. I / we / you / they play
He / she / it plays.
Spelling rules: 3rd person singular. (Reglas ortogrficas: 3 persona del singular)
1) La forma de la 3 persona del singular (he / she / it) termina en s.
He plays basketball. Juega al baloncesto.
2) Los verbos que terminan en consonante + -y cambian la y por ies.
Study He studies science. l estudia ciencias.
Si el verbo termina en vocal + -y slo se aade s.
Play / plays buy / buys
3) Si el verbo termina en ss, -ch, -sh, -x, -o, -z se aade es.
Watch / watches go / goes
4) El verbo have es irregular.
Fred has lunch at 2:30 p.m. every day. Fred come a las dos y media todos los das.
Forma negativa: sujeto + dont / doesnt + infinitivo sin to

My brother doesnt play the guitar. Mi hermano no toca la guitarra.
I / we / you / they do not watch I / we / you / they dont watch
He / she / it does not watch He / she / it doesnt watch
Forma interrogativa: Do / Does + sujeto + infinitivo sin to

Does he meet his friends after school? Suele salir con sus amigos despus de clase?
En las respuestas breves afirmativas, do / does sigue al pronombre sujeto. En la negativa se utilizan
las formas contractas dont / doesnt.
Do you study French? Yes, I do / No, I dont. Estudias francs? S / No.

Afirmativa Negativa
Do I / we / you / they teach? Yes, I / we / you / they do No, I / we / you / they dont
Does he / she / it teach? Yes, he / she / it does No, he / she / it doesnt
Usos.
Expresar cosas que suceden habitualmente y describir rutinas.
I listen to music every day. Todos los das escucho msica.
Expresar verdades generales y definiciones.
Madrid is the capital of Spain. Madrid es la capital de Espaa.
Indicar gustos, opiniones y sentimientos.
I like dancing. Me gusta bailar.
En las formas negativa e interrogativa, el verbo principal NO lleva s en la 3 persona del singular.
She doesnt have lunch at school. (NO She doesnt has lunch at school)
OJO!
15
ACTIVITIES
PRESENT SIMPLE
1. Complete the sentences. Use the present simple affirmative of the verbs in the box.
chat like meet play study take
I like science. I think its really interesting.
1) I to my friends on the Internet.

2) I . my friends after school.
3) Luke .. computer games.
4) My sister . Geography and Maths.
5) My camera . great photos.
2. Write sentences. Use the present simple negative.

We / not go / to the cinema / on Sundays.- We dont go to the cinema on Sundays.
1) I / not watch / TV / after school. - .
2) They / not like / playing hockey - .
3) She / not chat / on the Internet - ..
4) You / not do / sport / at the weekend -
5) She / not have / lunch / in a restaurant -
3. Write questions. Use the present simple interrogative. Then write true short answers.
your friends / go / to the sports centre?
Does your friends go to the sports centre? Yes, they do. (No, they dont).
1) Your mother / wear / glasses?-

2) Your best friend / play / the piano? - ..
3) You / like / dogs? - .
4) Your parents / go / to the bowling alley? - .
5) Your brother / speak / English? - .
6) You / study / Maths - .
4. Write questions about people you know. Use your own ideas. Then write short answers.
Does your dad cook? Yes, he does.
1) .
2) .
3) .
4) .
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ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
0% never almost never sometimes often usually always 100%
nunca casi nunca a veces a menudo normalmente siempre
Usos.
Los adverbios de frecuencia se colocan delante del verbo principal.
They usually go to the shopping centre on Saturday.
Normalmente van al centro comercial los sbados.
She always walks to shool. Siempre va andando al colegio.
Do you often read comics? Lees cmics a menudo?
En el caso del verbo be, se colocan detrs.
My brother is never at home. Mi hermano nunca est en casa.
ACTIVITIES.
1. Put the words in the correct order. Use capital letters and punctuation where necessary.
never / is / late / he.- He is never late.
1) we / go / skateboarding / usually. - ..
2) often / in bed / reads / he / comics -
3) play / sometimes / I / baseball -
4) hungry / is / he / after / school / always - .
5) gymnastics / almost never / do / they -
2. Write sentences about your daily routine. Use the present simple and the adverbs of
frequency.
I always start school at 9:30 in the morning.
1)
2)
3) .
4) .
5) .
6) .
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SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS

Pronombre Pronombre
Los pronombres sujeto se utilizan para sustituir a los nombres de sujeto objeto
las personas, cosas y animales. I me
Roberto is twuelve. He is tall. Roberto tiene doce aos. Es
alto. You you
My friends are British. They live in Oxford. Mis amigos son
He him
britnicos. Viven en Oxford.
She her
El pronombre I siempre va en mayscula.
Sam and I go to the swimming pool. Sam y yo vamos a la It it
piscina. We us
It se utiliza para referirse a cosas, situaciones y animales. You you

Its a good book. Es un buen libro. They them
You significa: t, usted, vosotros y ustedes.

You are Italian. T eres italiano.
Los pronombres sujeto se colocan delante del verbo y nunca se pueden omitir.
Hes my friend. (NO Is my friend). Es mi amigo.
Los pronombres objeto se utilizan para reemplazar a un sustantivo como complemento directo o
indirecto en una oracin. Nunca se colocan delante del verbo principal.
Whos Ann? I dont know her. Quin es Ann? No la conozco.
ACTIVITIES.
1. Put the words in the correct order. Use capital letter and punctuation where necessary.
dont / him / know / you You dont know him.- T no lo conoces.
1) meet / cant / us / he.- .

2) her / listens to / never / he.-
3) remember / I / dont / you - .
4) me / they / with / are - .
5) she / it / like / doesnt -
6) them / we / never / visit -
Thats Trent. Do you know he / him ?
1) They / Them often go to the theatre. 4) Can we / us go to the concert, please?

2) Melissa helps I / me with the homework. 5) We like Nuria. She / Her is very nice.
3) Listen! Someone is calling we / us. 6) His grandma lives with he / him?
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PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Forma afirmativa: sujeto + am / is / are + forma en ing del verbo principal.
Hes talking to his teacher. Est hablando con su profesora.

I am reading. Im reading.
He / she / it is reading. Hes / shes / its reading.
You / we / they are reading. Youre / were / theyre reading.
Forma negativa: sujeto + am / is / are + not + forma en ing del verbo principal.
Hay dos contracciones posibles:
She isnt reading a book. / Shes not reading a book. No est leyendo un libro.
Forma interrogativa: Am / Is / Are + sujeto + forma en ing del verbo principal.
Is he looking at us? Nos est mirando?

Afirmativa Negativa
Am I reading? Yes, I am. No, Im not.
Is he / she / it reading? Yes, he / she / it is. No, he / she / it isnt.
Are you / we / they reading Yes, you / we / they are. No, you / we / they arent.
En las respuestas breves afirmativas no se utilizan las formas contractas.
Are you eating? Yes, I am. (NO Yes, Im). Ests comiendo? No.
En la forma negativa de las respuestas breves se pueden utilizar indistintamente ambas

contracciones:
Is she playing volleyball? No, she isnt. / No, shes not. Est jugando al voleibol? No.
Spelling rules: -ing form. Reglas ortogrficas: forma ing del verbo.
1) Con la mayora de los verbos, se aade ing al infinitivo. Play / playing speak / speaking.
2) Los verbos acabados en una e muda pierden la e antes de aadir ing.
Write / writing dance / dancing.
3) En los monoslabos acabados en una consonante precedida de una vocal, la consonante se
duplica y se aade ing. Run / running chat / chatting.
Usos.
El present continuous indica que una accin est ocurriendo mientras se habla. A menudo va
acompaado de expresiones como now (ahora), right now (ahora mismo), at the moment (en este
momento) y today (hoy).
What are you doing at the moment? Im eating a hamburguer
Qu ests haciendo en este momento? Estoy comiendo unahamburguesa.
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Los verbos que expresan sentimientos y procesos mentales no se suelen utilizar en la forma
continua. Son verbos como:
understand (entender) think (pensar) know (saber)
remember (recordar) like (gustar) love (amar)
hate (odiar) want (querer) OJO!
I hate dogs. (NO Im hating dogs). Odio a los perros.
Idont know. (NO Im not knowing). No s.
Present continuous with future meaning. Presente continuo con valor de futuro.
El present continuous con valor de futuro se utiliza para describir los planes que cada uno tiene para
el futuro inmediato. Este tipo de oraciones suele incluir expresiones temporales. En castellano es
ms normal utilizar el present simple para referirse al futuro inmediato.
Im going to the disco this evening. Esta tarde voy a la discoteca.
Are you coming with us? Vienes con nosotros?
ACTIVITIES
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1. Choose the correct sentence: a or b

a) The lifeguard is swimming. b) The lifeguard are swimming. a
1) a) Im not to waiting for a taxi b) Im not waiting for a taxi. .. ___
2) a) The construction workers are talking b) The contruction workers talking are. ___
3) a) My friends and I arent watching TV b) My friends and I dont are watching TV. .. ___
4) a) The waiter is bring our pizza now b) The waiter is bringing our pizz now. .... ___
2. Write sentences. Use the present continuous negative.

We / not practise / the violin We arent practising the violin.
1) You / not chat / on the Internet. -
2) The / not do / their homework.- .
3) You / not listen / to the teacher - ..
4) Daniel / not read / a magazine.-
5) Helen / not run.- ...
3. Write the ing form.

chat chatting. play - start -
listen - . watch - study - ..
run - . speak - .. wash - ..
write - .. draw - swim - ..
20
ACTIVITIES
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
4. Write true sentences. Use the present continuous affirmative or negative.

I / sit / at a desk. Im sitting / Im not sitting at a desk.
1) I / talk / on the phone.- ..
2) It / rain -
3) We / listen / to music -
4) I / use / a dictionary - ..
5) I / write / with a pen - ..
5. Complete the questions and short answers. Use the present continuous.
Is she watching (watch) a film? No, she isnt.
1) .. he . (play) computer games? No, .
2) .. they .. (have) breakfast? Yes,
3) .. she (do) aerobics? No,
4) .. you (wait) for me? No,
5) .. it .(snow) outside? Yes, ..
6. Present continuous with future meaning. Complete the dialogue. Use the present
continuous.
Meg What are you doing (you / do) this evening?

Adam I (1) (stay) here. Why?
Meg Martin and I (2) (go) to the bowling alley. We (3)
(meet) at six oclock. Do you want to come?
Adam I cant. I (4) (finish) my history project this evening.
Meg Oh, well. Another time maybe.
7. What are you doing after school today? Write five sentences. Use the present continuous.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
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1) Andy sometimes .. comics. (to read)
2) We never . TV in the morning. (to watch)
3) Listen! Sandy in the bathroom. (to sing)
4) My sister usually .. in the kitchen. (to help)
5) My mother . breakfast now. (to make)
6) They often .. the bathroom. (to clean)
7) Look! The boys . home. (to come)
8) Every day his grandfather . for a walk. (to go)
9) I .. with my friend at the moment. (to chat)
10) Cats .. mice. (to eat)
11)
22
CAN / CANT
La forma can es la misma para todas las personas.

Respuestas breves
Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa Afirmativa Negativa
I can dance I cant dance Can I dance? Yes, I can No, I cant
You can dance You cant dance Can you dance? Yes, you can No, you cant
He can dance He cant dance Can he dance? Yes, he can No, he cant
She can dance She cant dance Can she dance? Yes, she can No, she cant
It can dance It cant dance Can it dance? Yes, it can No, it cant
We can dance We cant dance Can we dance? Yes, we can No, we cant
You can dance You cant dance Can you dance? Yes, you can No, you cant
They can dance They cant dance Can they dance? Yes, they can No, they cant
Forma afirmativa: sujeto + can + infinitivo del verbo sin to.

I can play the piano. Yo s tocar el piano.
Forma negativa: sujeto + cant (can not) + infinitivo del verbo sin to. En la negativa es ms
normal utilizar la forma contracta.
I cant help you. No puedo ayudarte.
Forma interrogativa: Can + sujeto + infinitivo del verbo sin to.
Can you swim? Sabes nadar?
Con el verbo can nunca se utiliza un auxiliar para forma la negativa o la interrogativa.
I cant see the blackboard (NO I dont can see the blackboard). No puedo ver la pizarra.
En las respuestas breves negativas se suele utilizar la forma contracta.
Can Jon ski? No, he cant. Jon sabe esquiar? No.
Usos.
Can se utiliza para expresar capacidades, posibilidades y habilidades. Se traduce por poder o
saber.
Can he play the guitar? Sabe tocar la guitarra?
En frases interrogativas y respuestas breves, can tambin se utiliza para pedir y dar permiso.
Can I go to the cinema tonight? Yes, you can. / No, you cant.
Puedo ir al cine esta noche? S / No.
23
ACTIVITIES
CAN / CANT
1. Write questions with can. Then write short answers.

play the piano speak French dance
Joey x x
Ana and Tom x
Joey Can Joey play the piano? No, he cant

1)
2)
Ana and Tom 3)
4)
5)
2. What can you do? Write true sentences. Use can or cant.
speak Japanese.- I cant speak Japanese.
1) Play chess -
2) Dance hip-hop - .
3) Ride a bike - ...
4) Cook Spanish omelette - ..
5) Run very fast -
6) Draw very well - .
3. Write sentences about you and your best friend. Use can or cant.
Me I can . and I can also
I cant or .
My best friend My best friend can and
..
..
24
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
Comparative adjectives. Adjetivos en grado comparativo.

Spelling rules: comparative forms. Reglas ortogrficas: formas comparativas.
1. Si el adjetivo tiene una sola slaba (short adjective), se aade er.- tall / taller.
2. Si acaba en una e muda, se aade r. large / larger.
3. Si es un monoslabo y acaba en consonante, precedida de una sola vocal, la consonante final se
duplica y se aade er. big / bigger.
4. Si acaba en consonante + -y, la y se transforma en i y se aader er. easy / easier.
5. Si tiene dos o ms slabas (long adjective), se coloca more delante del adjetivo.
important / more important.
Usos. Los adjetivos en grado comparativo se utilizan para comparar dos o ms cosas o personas
entre s. These shoes are big, but those shoes are bigger.
Estos zapatos son grandes, pero esos son ms grandes.
Cuando se quiere comparar distintos grados de una cualidad, se utiliza than detrs del adjetivo en
grado comparativo.
Jane is taller than Sue. (NO, Jane is taller that Sue). Jane es ms alta que Sue. OJO!
Superlative adjectives. Adjetivos en grado superlativo.
Sigue las mismas reglas ortogrficas que los comparativos pero:
- En los adjetivos cortos (short adjectives) se aade el sujeto est.
- En los adjetivos largos (long adjectives), se coloca most delante del adjetivo.
El superlativo se forma colocando the delante del adjetivo en grado superlativo.
Big / the biggest rich / the richest important / the most important
Usos. Los adjetivos en grado superlativo se utilizan para comparar tres o ms cosas o personas
entre s, cuando se quiere indicar que una es superior o inferior a las dems.
December 21st is the shortest day of the year. El 21 de diciembre es el da ms corto del ao.
I think Chemistry is the most difficult subject. Creo que Qumica es la asignatura ms difcil.
En el superlativo se pueden construir preguntas con Whats? o Whos? Cul es? o Quin es?
Whats the most famous monument in France? Cul es el monumento ms famoso en Francia?
Whos the best presenter on TV? Quin es el mejor presentador de la tele?
La preposicin in se utiliza con el adjetivo en grado superlativo para destacar un miembro del grupo
Shes the richest person in the world. (NO Shes the richest person of the world).
OJO!
Adjetivos con formas irregulares en el comparativo y superlativo.
Adjetivo Comparativo Superlativo
good better best
bad worse worst
far further furthest
25
ACTIVITIES
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
1. Complete the sentences. Use comparatives.

My brother is tall, ,but my sister is taller.
1) Great Britain is large, but Greenland is .
2) Skateboarding is exciting, but windsurfing is ..
3) The Sahara Desert is dry, but the Atacama Desert is .
4) Mulhacn in Spain is high, but Mont Blanc in France is .
5) London is cold, but Oslo is
2. Complete the sentences so that they are true. Use comparatives.

Tom Cruise is richer than my parents. (poor / rich)
1) Seville is .. London. (cold / hot)
2) Dogs are .. bears (small / big)
3) The desert is . the rainforest (dry / wet)
4) Giraffes are horses. (short / tall)
5) Spain is .. the USA. (small / large)
3. Write the comparative and the superlative of the adjectives.

Adjective Comparative Superlative
near nearer than the nearest
easy
difficult
wide
happy
big
wonderful
cold
hot
good
bad
expensive
4. Write questions about your country. Use superlative adjectives. Then answer the questions
Hot month Which is the hottest month? July is the hottest month.
1) Long river - ..
2) Modern city -
3) High mountain - ..
4) Important museum - ...
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BE: PAST SIMPLE

Negativa. Respuestas breves
Afirmativa Negativa Forma contracta Interrogativa Afirmativa Negativa
I was I was not I wasnt Was I ? Yes, I was No, I wasnt
You were You were not You werent Were you ? Yes, you were No, you werent
He was He was not He wasnt Was he ? Yes, he was No, he wasnt
She was She was not She wasnt Was she ? Yes, she was No, she wasnt
It was It was not It wasnt Was it ? Yes, it was No, it wasnt
We were We were not We werent Were we ? Yes, we were No, we werent
You were You were not You werent Were you ? Yes, you were No, you werent
They were They were not They werent Were they ? Yes, they were No, they werent
At ten o`clock I was at school. A las diez yo estaba en el cole.

Yesterday he wasnt at the sports centre. Ayer l no estaba en el polideportivo.
They werent my parents. No eran mis padres.
Were you in bed at ten o`clock? No, we werent. Estbais en la cama a las diez? No.
THERE WAS / THERE WERE (haba / hubo)

Interrogativa y
Afirmativa Negativa respuestas breves
Singular There was There was not Was there ?
(There wasnt ) Yes, there was.
No, there wasnt.
Plural There were There were not Were there ?
(There werent ) Yes, there were.
No, there werent.
There was, there wasnt y Was there? se utilizan con sustantivos contables en singular y con los
no contables:
There wasnt a chemist in King Street. No haba ninguna farmacia en King Street.
There was some milk in the fridge. Haba un poco de leche en la nevera.
Was there any cheese on the table. Haba queso encima de la mesa?
There were, there werent y Were there ? se utilizan con sustantivos contables en plural:
There were some books on the desk. Haba algunos libros encima del escritorio.
There werent any children at the museum. No haba ningn nio en el museo.
Were there any apples in your bag? Haba alguna manzana en tu bolsa?
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ACTIVITIES
BE: PAST SIMPLE. THERE WAS / THERE WERE
1. Complete the sentences. Use the past simple affirmative or negative of be.
I wasnt at the cinema. I was at home.
1) Im thirteen now. Las year I .. twuelve.
2) It was Sunday so we at school.
3) They in Rome. They went to Pisa.
4) Our team won so we .. happy.
5) The music very loud so I couldnt sleep.
2. Are these sentences correct (C) or incorrect (I)? Correct the mistakes.
There werent a sports programme. - I - There wasnt a sports programme.
1) There wasnt any action films - ___ -
2) There were two chat shows - ___ - ....
3) There wasnt any documentaries - ___ - .
4) There werent any reality shows. - ___ - .
5) There were a romantic comedy. - ___ - .
3. Put the words in the correct order to form questions.
horror films / Were / on / there / TV? any Were there any horror films on TV?
1) talent show / there / a / on / Was / cannel 5? - .

2) 6:30? / at / cartoons / there / any / Were - .
3) a / TV? / there / Was / police drama / on - .
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PAST SIMPLE
Past simple affirmative (regular verbs): sujeto + infinitivo del verbo sin to + -ed
Spelling rules: past simple affirmative (regular verbs).
1. Con la mayora de los verbos, se aade ed al infinitivo del verbo sin to.
listen / listened - work / worked
2. Si el verbo acaba en un e muda, se aade d.- like / liked - arrive / arrived.
3. Si acaba en consonante +y, la y se transforma en i y se aade ed.
worry / worried study / studied
4. Los verbos que terminan en y no duplican la consonante final. play / played
5. Si el verbo acaba en una consonante, precedida de una sola vocal, se duplica la ltima
consonante y se aade ed. - stop / stopped chat / chatted.
Past simple affirmative (irregular verbs): sujeto + forma verbal irregular de pasado
(ver lista de verbos irregulares).- go / went see / saw drink / drank have / had.
Past simple negative: sujeto + didnt (did not) + infinitivo del verbo sin to.
She didnt finish her breakfast.- No termin el desayuno.
Past simple interrogative: Did + sujeto + infinitivo del verbo sin to.
Did you see the match on Saturday? Viste el partido el sbado?
Negativa. Respuestas breves
Afirmativa Negativa Forma contracta Interrogativa Afirmativa Negativa
I studied I did not study I didnt study Did I study? Yes, I did No, I didnt
You studied You did not study You didnt study Did you study? Yes, you did. No, you didnt
He studied He did not study He didnt study Did he study? Yes, he did No, he didnt
She studied She did not study She didnt study Did she study? Yes, she did No, she didnt
It studied It did not study It didnt study Did it study? Yes, it did No, it didnt
We studied We did not study We didnt study Did we study? Yes, we did No, we didnt
You studied You did not study You didnt study Did you study? Yes, you did No, you didnt
They studied They did not study They didnt study Did they study? Yes, they did No, they didnt
Usos.
El past simple se utiliza para hablar de acciones que ocurrieron en un momento determinado del
pasado. Las expresiones de tiempo fijan la accin en un momento concreto:
last night (anoche) yesterday (ayer) last year (el ao pasado)
when I was young (cuando era joven) in 1998 (en 1998)
I went to the cinema last night. Anoche fui al cine.
We played football yesterday. Ayer estuvimos jugando al ftbol.
She went to the beach last year. El ao pasado fue a la playa.
When I was young I had a scooter. Cuando era joven tena una motocicleta.
In 2008, the Olympics were in Beijing, China. Las Olimpiadas de 2008 se celebraron en Beijing, China
29
ACTIVITIES
PAST SIMPLE
1. Complete the text. Use the past simple affirmative of the regular and irregular verbs in the
box. chat / do / go / have / leave / meet / walk / play
Yesterday evening, I had dinner, (1) my homework and (2)

computer games. Then I (3) . my friends at (4) and danced.
We (5) the disco at eleven oclock but we missed the last bus so we (6)
.. home. I (7) .. to bed at midnight.
2. Make these sentences negative. Then write questions and short answers.
I bought a DVD yesterday I didnt buy a DVD yesterday.
Did you buy a DVD yesterday? No, I wasnt.
1) He had salad for dinner. - .
...
2) She met her friends at the cinema. - .
...
3) Cervantes wrote Hamlet. - .
...
4) Ben won 2,000 on the game show.- .
...
5) I left my bag at home. - .
...
6) Liam went shopping yesterday. -
..
7) I saw Justin Bieber at the disco. -
..
3. Complete the questions. Use the past simple.
What did you do yesterday? I went shopping in London.
1) What ..? - I bought some clothes.
2) Where ? - I had lunch in Notting Hill.

I saw some famous people.
3) Who ? - I saw Hugh Grant and Julia Robers.
4) When ..? - I got home at nine oclock.
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PAST CONTINUOUS
Forma afirmativa: sujeto + was / were / forma en ing del verbo principal.
Las night I was reading a magazine. Anoche estuve leyendo una revista.
Yesterday you were swimming. Ayer estuvisteis nadando.
Forma negativa: sujeto + was / were + not + forma en ing del verbo principal.
I wasnt doing my homework. No estaba haciendo los deberes.
They werent playing chess. No estaban jugando al ajedrez.
Forma afirmativa Forma negativa Forma contracta
I / he / she / it was eating I / he / she / it was not eating I / he / she / it wasnt eating
You / we / they were eating You / we / they were not eating You / we / they werent eating
Forma interrogativa: Was / Were + sujeto + forma en ing del verbo principal.
Were you buying a book for your brother? Estabas comprando un libro para tu hermano?
Was she dancing at the disco? Estaba bailando en la discoteca?
En las respuestas breves negativas se suelen utilizar las formas contractas:

Were you listening to the news? No, I wasnt. Estabas escuchando las noticias? No.

Afirmativa Negativa
Was I / he / she / it eating? Yes, I /he / she / it was. No, I / he / she / it wasnt.
Were you / we / they eating? Yes, you / we / they were. No, you / we / they werent.
Usos
El past continuous se utiliza para hablar de algo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento
determinado del pasado.
At six oclock yerterday morning I was sleeping. Ayer a las seis de la maana estaba durmiendo.
Este tiempo verbal tambin se utiliza para referirse a una accin prolongada que tuvo lugar en el
pasado.
I was watching films all day yesterday. Ayer me pas todo el da viendo pelculas.
Past simple and past continuous.
A menudo utilizamos el past simple con el past continuous para describir una accin breve que
sucedi mientras se estaba desarrollando otra ms larga.
I was looking at the magazines when I saw Helen. Estaba mirando las revistas cuando vi a Helen.
It was raining when I left school. Estaba lloviendo cuando sal del colegio.
Past time expressions.
Last night. Anoche Last summer. El verano pasado.

Last Friday. El viernes pasado Yesterday. Ayer.
Last week. La semana pasada. The day before yesterday. Anteayer.
Last weekend. El pasado fin de semana. All day yesterday. Ayer todo el da.
Last month. El mes pasado. Yesterday afternoon. Ayer por la tarde.
Last May. El pasado mes de mayo. Yesterday morning. Ayer por la maana.
Last year. El ao pasado. For hours. Durante horas.
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ACTIVITIES
PAST CONTINUOUS
1. Write sentences. Use past simple of be and de past continuous.

At ten o`clock
Rita: at home, play chess Rita was at home. She was playing chess.
1) Greg: at the beach, swim -
2) Peter and Zo: in the park, run - ..
3) Debbie: at school, do an exam - ..
4) Ric and Ella: in a caf, have lunch -
5) Tim: at the bakers, buy bread - ...
2. Complete the text. Use the past continuous affirmative and negative.
I was walking (walk) in the park with Tom.
We (1) (chat) about school. It was warm but the sun
(2) (not shine). Suddenly, it started to rain. We (3) ..
........................................... (not carry) umbrellas so we ran home. But we didnt have a key and
Mum and Dad werent at home they (4) . (work). It (5) .
... (rain) hard so we got really wet!
3. Put the words in the correct order to make questions about yesterday. Then write short
answers.
Studying / you / at 9:00 / were/ ? (No) Were you studying at 9:00? No, I wasnt.
1) at 11:00 / dancing / were / you / ? (No) -
2) was / shining / the sun / ? (Yes) -
3) having / at 8:00 / you / were / dinner / ? (No) - .
4) wearing / you / were / jeans / ? (Yes) - ..
4. Write sentences. Choose the correct order for the verbs. Use the past simple and the past
continuous.
I was waiting for the bus when I saw John. (see / wait)
1) Ed his homework when his friends (do / arrive)
2) We . tennis when it to rain (play / start)
3) She in England when she .her boyfriend (meet / live)
4) You very fast when you . an accident (have / drive)
5) We .... a film when we . your text message (watch / get)
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COULD / COULDNT
Afirmativa Negativa Formas contractas

I could read I could not read I couldnt read
You could read You could not read You couldnt read
He could read He could not read He couldnt read
She could read She could not read She couldnt read
It could read It could not read It couldnt read
We could read We could not read We couldnt read
You could read You could not read You couldnt read
They could read They could not read They couldnt read
I could write when I was three. A los tres aos ya saba escribir.
I couldnt hear you. No poda orte.

Afirmativa Negativa
Could I read? Yes, I could. No, I couldnt
Could you read? Yes, you could. No, you couldnt
Could he read? Yes, he could. No, he couldnt
Could she read? Yes, she could. No, she couldnt
Could it read? Yes, it could. No, It couldn`t
Could we read? Yes, we could. No, we couldnt
Could you read? Yes, you could. No, you couldnt
Could they read? Yes, they could. No, they couldnt
Could you talk when you were two? Yes, I could. / No, I couldnt.
Sabas hablar cuando tenas dos aos? S. / No.
Usos.
Could y couldnt son formas del pasado de can y cant. Expresan la capacidad de hacer algo en
el pasado, y se traducedn por poder / no poder o saber / no saber.
He could swim when he was four. Con cuatro aos ya saba nadar.
I couldnt speak English when I was young. Cuando era joven no saba hablar ingls.
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ACTIVITIES
COULD / COULDNT
1. Write quetions and short answers.
ride a bike / you / seven (yes) Could you ride a bike when you were seven? Yes, I could.
1) read / you / two (no) - .
2) swim / you / six (yes) -
3) play the guitar / you / four (no) -
2. Fill in the blanks below to complete the sentences. Use can / cant / could / couldnt
1. I ___________ go to the party last night because I was sick.
2. A: ___________ Noel cook Italian food? B: Yes, he ___________.
3. My sister ___________ swim last year, but now she ___________.
4. They ___________ go shopping yesterday because the store was closed.
5. A: ___________ you read when you were four years old? B: Yes, I __________.
6. Ellie ___________ ride a bicycle. She rides it to school every day.
7. Im very tired, so I ___________ go out to the park to play.
8. A: ___________ you see the moon last night? B: No, I ___________.
9. When ___________ I talk to you about the company report?
10. Most dinosaurs walked on land, but some ___________ fly or even swim.
11. Excuse me, I ___________ hear you right now. The music is too loud.
12. I ___________ drive a truck when I was only sixteen years old.
13. Douglas hit the tree because he ___________ stop his car.
14. How many hot dogs ___________ you eat at one time?
15. I ___________ read without my reading glasses. Where are they?
34
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
Las preposiciones de lugar se utilizan para expresar dnde se encuentra una persona o cosa.
behind detrs (de The bike is behind the tree

La bici est detrs del rbol.
in en (dentro de) The book is in my bag.
El libro est en mi bolsa.
in front of delante de Carlos is sitting in front of Vernica.
Carlos est sentado delante de Vernica.
next to al lado de The park is next to my school.
El parque est al lado de mi colegio.
on En, sobre,encima de The computer is on the table.
El ordenador est encima de la mesa.
under debajo de The shoes are under the bed.
Los zapatos estn debajo de la cama.
ACTIVITIES
Im sitting on / under the chair.
1) The book is in / next to the ruler.
2) The tree is on / behind the house.
3) The car is in front of / in the bus.
2. Look at the picture and write ten sentences. Use the prepositions of place.
The lamp is on the table.

1) .
2) .
3) .
4) .
5) .
6) .
7) .
8) .
9) .
10) .
35
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND MOVEMENT
IN, ON and AT se utilizan para hablar de lugares:
Utilizamos in cuando nos referimos a espacios cerrados (rooms, buildings) y reas

delimitadas (towns, parks, countries, continents):
In my pocket. En mi bolsillo. / In her car. En su coche. / In Germany. En Alemania.
Utilizamos on con superficies (walls, floors, shelves) y lneas (paths, coast, the equator):
On the grass. En el csped. / On the sea. En el mar. / On the third floor. En el tercer piso /
On the line. En la lnea.
Usamos at con un punto concreto (at the bus stop) y cuando nos referimos a un edificio tanto
a su interior como a su exterior:
A: Lets meet at the cinema.
B: Ok. Shall we meet in the cinema itself or on the pavement outside?
MORE PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE.
There is a woman in the phone box.

Hay una mujer en la cabina de telfonos.
There are people outside the cinema.
Hay personas fuera del cine.
The people are on the pavement.
La gente est en la acera.
There is a clock above the cinema entrance.
Hay un reloj por encima de la entrada del cine.
The cinema entrance is under the clock.
La entrada del cine est debajo del reloj.
The bank is next to / beside the cinema.
El banco est al lado del cine.
The phone box is opposite the cinema.
La cabina de telfono est frente al cine.
The bank is between the cinema and the caf.
El banco est entre el cine y la cafetera.
There is a hill behind the town.
Hay una montaa detrs de la ciudad.
The car is in front of the bank.
El coche est delante del banco.
INTO, ONTO and TO se utilizan para hablar de movimientos y sus opuestos son OUT OF, OFF and
FROM:
We moved the chairs into my bedroom. / We moved the chairs out of my bedroom.
Metimos las sillas en mi habitacin. / Sacamos las sillas de mi habitacin.
The actor ran onto the stage. / The actor ran off the stage.
El actor entr en escena. / El actor sali de escena.
They walked to the next town. / We drove from London to Edimburgh.
Caminamos hasta la siguiente ciudad. / Condujimos desde Londres hasta Edimburgo.
36
MORE PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT.
They ran across the field to the road.

Corrieron a travs del campo hasta la carretera.
Jim cycled along the road to the next town.
Jim fue en bici por el camino hasta la siguiente ciudad.
I walked up the hill and ran down the other side.
Sub andando hasta la cima y baj corriendo por el otro lado.
The bus went past the bus stop without stopping.
El autobs fue ms all de la parada de autobs sin parar.
The train goes through three tunnels.
El tren pasa por tres tneles.
37
ACTIVITIES
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND MOVEMENT
38
39
40
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable and uncountable nouns.
Los sustantivos contables son aquellos que se pueden contar. Tienen una forma para el singular y
otra para el plural, y el verbo de la oracin concuerda con ellos en nmero.
The tomatoes are in the fridge. Los tomates estn en la nevera.
The apple is in my bag. La manzana est en mi bolsa.
Delante de los sustantivos contables se utilizan los artculos a / an y the o un numeral.
a lemon the lemon two lemons
Los sustantivos incontables no se pueden contar. No tienen forma de plural. El verbo que los
acompaa siempre va en singular.
bread (NO two breads)
The bread is on the table. El pan est encima de la mesa.
Los sustantivos incontables no pueden ir precedidos del artculo a / an, ni tampoco de un numeral.
milk (NO one milk)
Los sustantivos se suelen referir a conceptos inmateriales como la vida (life) y el amor (love), bien a
cosas que no se pueden contar por unidades: agua (water), pan (bread), arroz (rice), leche (milk).
Pero se habla de vasos o litros de agua, barras de pan, granos de arroz, cajas de leche
There is (hay) se utiliza con los sustantivos incontables.
Theres some orange juice in the bottle. Hay un poco de zumo de naranja en la botella.
Rebanada de pan slice of bread Loncha de jamn slice of ham
Barra de pan loaf of bread. Plato de sopa bowl of soup
Tableta de chocolate chocolate bar Onza de chocolate chocolate ounce
Filete de ternera fillet of beef Chuleta de cordero mutton chop
Taza de caf cup of coffee. Botella de agua water bottle.
Tarrina de mantequilla tub of butter Cartn (tetrabrik) de leche milk carton.
41
ACTIVITIES
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
1. Write C (countable) or U (uncountable).
Bike C
1) money ___ 4) T-shirt ___
2) fruit ___ 5) coffee ___
3) film ___ 6) car ___
2. Complete the sentences with the words from exercise 1. Use a / an where necessary.
I want a bike so I can go cycling.
1) My parents gave me .. for my birthday so Im going to buy a new phone.
2) I always have .. coffee with milk.
3) My sister can drive .
4) Our local shop sells fresh .
5) I saw . on TV last night.
6) Its hot today so Im wearing
3. Write C (countable) or U (uncountable).
1) Beans ___ 11) Brown bread ___

2) Butter ___ 12) eggs ___
3) Grapes ___ 13) lettuce ___
4) Macaroni ___ 14) olive oil ___
5) Onions ___ 15) oysters ___
6) Pears ___ 16) salmon ___
7) Rice ___ 17) turkey ___
8) Walnuts ___ 18) apricot ___
9) Chicken ___ 19) yoghurt ___
10) Ice cream ___ 20) beef ___
42
SOME AND ANY. HOW MANY / HOW MUCH?
Some and any.
Some y any se utilizan con sustantivos tanto contables como incontables.
Theres some pasta for lunch. Hay pasta para comer.
There arent any shoes in my size. No hay zapatos de mi talla.
Some se utiliza en oraciones afirmativas. Con los sustantivos en plural se traduce por unos / unas /
algunos / algunas, mientras que su traduccin es un poco de / algo de con los sustantivos
incontables.
Hes got some books. Tiene unos / algunos libros.
Is there any lemonade in the fridge? Hay (algo de) limonada en la nevera?
Sustantivos incontables Sustantivos contables

Afirmativa Theres some water. There are some bananas.
Negativa There isnt any water. There arent any bananas.
Interrogativa Is there any water? Are there any bananas?
Any se utiliza en las oraciones negativas e interrogativas.
En las oraciones negativas any acompaa a sustantivos contables en plural y sustantivos

incontables. Se traduce por ningn / ninguna o nada de.
We havent got any carrots. No tenemos zanahorias / ninguna zanahoria.
There isnt any money in the wallet. No hay (nada de) dinero en la cartera.
En las oraciones interrogativas any acompaa a sustantivos contables en plural y sustantivos

incontables. Su traduccin es algunos / algunas o algo de.
Are there any supermarkets near here? Hay supermercados / algn supermercado por aqu
cerca?
Is there any lettuce in that sandwhich? Ese sndwich lleva (algo de) lechuga?
En las oraciones interrogativas se utiliza any, pero cuando se ofrece o se pide algo tambin se
puede utilizar some.
Do you want some sandwhiches? Queris unos sndwiches? OJO!
Would you like some water? Le apetece (un poco de) agua?
Can I have some bread, please? Me trae (un poco de) pan, por favor?
How many / How much?
How much? significa Cunto/a?. Slo se utiliza con los sustantivos incontables.
How much money have you got? Cunto dinero tienes?
How many? significa Cuntos/as?. Slo se utiliza con los sustantivos contables en plural.
How many magazines did she buy? Cuntas revistas compr?
43
ACTIVITIES
SOME AND ANY. HOW MANY / HOW MUCH ?

There isnt some / any pasta.
1) We visited some / any museums on holiday.
2) I saw some / any lions at the zoo.
3) Did you buy some / any books last month?
4) I havent got some / any biscuits.
5) Were making some / any salad.
2. Complete the questions. Use How many / How much ?

How much chicken is there?
1) people are there at the party?
2) time have we got?
3) tea do you want?
4) students are there?
5) homework have you got?
3. Look at the fridge and write sentences. Use there is / are / isnt / arent and a / some / any.
Carrot - There is a carrot

1) Pizza - .
2) Rice - ...
3) Orange juice -
4) Ham - ..
5) Apple - ..
6) Pears -
7) Milk -
8) Hamburguer - .
9) Ice-cream - .
10) Peppers -
11) Jam -
12) Tomatoes - ..
44
MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF / LOTS OF / FEW / LITTLE
45
ACTIVITIES
MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF / LOTS OF / FEW / LITTLE
1. This bag is very heavy because it has got __________ books in it.
A) a little B) a lot of C) a few
2. Meral and Ahmet have got _________ friends from America.
A) any B) much C) a few
3. Have we got _________milk in the fridge, mother?
A) many B) a few C) any
4. How ______money have you got in your purse?
A) many B) any C) much
5. My mother has got _________ friends.
A) a little B) a lot of C) much
6. We have got ________ apples and ________ oranges in the fridge.
A) a little / some B) many / a little C) a few / some
7. Are there ________ children in the school garden?
A) a little B) any C) much
8. My teacher hasnt got _________ 6th grade student this year.
A) some B) any C) a few
9. Sam, ____ there _____ milk in the fridge?
A) are / any B) is / any C) is / a few
10. How _______ cheese has she got in the basket?
A) many B) much C) any
11. There are _______ English teachers at this school this year.
A) many B) much C) a little
12. We havent got ______ toothpaste but we have got _______ toothbrushes.
A) some / some B) some / any C) any / some
46
47

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GRAMMAR BANK I

CEIP BENITO PREZ GALDS

BE: PRESENT SIMPLE . 3

HAVE GOT / BE OR HAVE GOT? ... 5

POSSESIVESS. DEMONSTRATIVES PRONOUNS. ..... 7

PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS .. 9

THERES / THERE ARE 11

SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS . 18

PRESENT CONTINUOUS ... 19

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES. 25

BE: PAST SIMPLE. THERE WAS / THERE WERE 27

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND MOVEMENT .. 36

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS. . 41

SOME AND ANY. HOW MANY / HOW MUCH? .. 43

QUANTIFIERS: MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF / LOTS OF / FEW / LITTLE 45

IRREGULAR VERBS LIST 47

BE: PRESENT SIMPLE

Forma afirmativa: sujeto + am / is / are

Im French. Soy francs.

Afirmativa Formas contractas

Forma negativa: sujeto + am / is / are + not

Al hablar se suelen utilizar las formas contractas.

She isnt in the kitchen. No est en la cocina.

Negativa Formas contractas

Forma interrogativa: Am / Is / Are + sujeto ?

El signo de interrogacin se coloca al final de la frase.

En las respuestas breves afirmativas no se utilizan las formas contractas.

Are you from Spain? Yes, we are. Sois espaolas? S.

Interrogativa Respuestas breves

El verbo be se traduce por ser y estar.

My friends are German. Mis amigos son alemanes.

We are tired. Estamos cansados.

Con ciertas expresiones se debe utilizar el verbo be, y no have. OJO!

1. Complete de text. Use be affirmative or negative.

. Fourteen theyre twuelve.

What / be / Marks nationality? What is Marks nationality? Hes Irish.

1) How old / he / be? .

2) What / be / his favourite bands? .

3) What / be / his favourite colour? .

4) Which subject / he / be / good at? ..

5) Who / be / his best friends? .

6) How old / be / his best friends? ..

7) Where / his teacher / be / from? .

3. Now, write about you.

Forma afirmativa: sujeto + have / has + got + objeto directo.

Lucy has got a sister. Lucy tiene una hermana.

Afirmativa Formas contractas

Forma negativa: sujeto + have / has + not + got + objeto directo.

Negativa Formas contractas

Forma interrogativa: Have / has + sujeto + got + objeto directo.

Interrogativa Respuestas breves

Ive got a new mobile pone. Tengo un telfono mvil nuevo.

Have got tambin se utiliza para describir el aspecto fsico.

Has he got blue eyes? Tiene los ojos azules?

1) got / friends / bikes / your / have /?-

2. Complete the sentences. Use be or have got.

POSSESSIVES. DEMONSTRATIVES PRONOUNS

Janes dad (NO the dad of Jane). El padre de Jane.

My sisters friend (NO the friend of my sister). La amiga/el amigo de mi hermana.

Con sustantivos en plural acabados en s, slo se aade el apstrofo ().

His friends class. La clase de sus amigos.

Con nombres de lugares y cosas se utiliza la preposicin of, y no la forma s.

a) Every weekend. _ d) In Oxford. _

b) Penlope Cruz. _ e) Because its interesting. _