Analoga, del griego (ana reiteracin o comparacin y logos estudio), significa

comparacin o relacin entre varias cosas, razones o conceptos; comparar o relacionar

dos o ms seres u objetos a travs de la razn; sealando caractersticas generales y
particulares comunes que permiten justificar la existencia de una propiedad en uno, a
partir de la existencia de dicha propiedad en los otros.1

En el aspecto lgico, permite comparar un objeto con otros, en sus semejanzas y en sus
diferencias.2 Una analoga permite la deduccin de un trmino desconocido a partir del
anlisis de la relacin que se establece entre dos trminos de ella conocidos.

La sintaxis es la parte de la gramtica que estudia las reglas y principios que gobiernan la
combinatoria de constituyentes sintcticos y la formacin de unidades superiores a estos,
como los sintagmas y las oraciones gramaticales. La sintaxis, por tanto, estudia las formas
en que se combinan las palabras, as como las relaciones
sintagmticas y paradigmticas existentes entre ellas. La sintaxis para Leonard Bloomfield,
era el estudio de formas libres compuestas completamente por formas libres. Central a
esta teora de la sintaxis eran las nociones de clases de forma (form classes) y estructura
constituyente. (Estas nociones eran tambin relevantes, aunque menos centrales, en la
teora de la morfologa). Bloomfield defini clases de forma ms bien de manera
imprecisa, en trminos de algn "rasgo fontico o gramtico reconocible comn y
compartido por todos los miembros".

La prosodia es una rama de la lingstica que analiza y representa formalmente aquellos

elementos de la expresin oral tales como el acento, los tonos y la entonacin.

La prosodia trata la manifestacin concreta en la produccin de las palabras. Desde el

punto de vista fontico-acstico, la variacin de la frecuencia fundamental, la duracin y
la intensidad que constituyen los parmetros prosdicos fsicos. La prosodia puede
dividirse convenientemente en dos aspectos:

El primero considera aspectos suprasegmentales, es decir, que trata la entonacin de la

frase en su conjunto.

El segundo controla la meloda, fenmenos locales de coarticulacin, acentuacin.

El trmino semntica se refiere a los aspectos del significado, sentido o interpretacin de

signos lingsticos como smbolos, palabras, expresiones o representaciones formales. En
principio las expresiones del lenguaje formal o de una lengua natural admiten algn tipo
de correspondencia con situaciones o conjuntos de cosas que se encuentran en el mundo
fsico o abstracto que puede ser descrito por dicho medio de expresin.

La ortografa (del latn orthographia y del griego orthographa 'escritura

correcta')1 es el conjunto de reglas y convenciones que rigen el sistema
de escritura habitual establecido para una lengua estndar.
La ortografa frecuentemente ha protagonizado debates, la reforma de la ortografa
alemana de 1996 llev a un amplio debate, y finalmente no fue aplicada ni en Austria ni
en Suiza. Igualmente la propuesta de reforma ortogrfica del francs de 1988 fue
ampliamente contestada entre 1988 y 1991, llegando algunos peridicos a boicotear la
reforma.
A verb, from the Latin verbum meaning word, is a word (part of speech) that
in syntax conveys an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence
(happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand). In the usual description of English,
the basic form, with or without the particle to, is the infinitive. In many languages, verbs
are inflected (modified in form) to encode tense, aspect, mood, and voice. A verb may also
agree with the person, gender or number of some of its arguments, such as its subject,
or object. Verbs have tenses: present, to indicate that an action is being carried out; past,
to indicate that an action has been done; future, to indicate that an action will be done.

An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb, determiner, noun
phrase, clause, or sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency,
degree, level of certainty, etc., answering questions such as how?, in what
way?, when?, where?, and to what extent?. This function is called the adverbial function,
and may be realised by single words (adverbs) or by multi-word expressions (adverbial
phrases and adverbial clauses).
Adverbs are traditionally regarded as one of the parts of speech. However, modern
linguists note that the term "adverb" has come to be used as a kind of "catch-all"
category, used to classify words with various different types of syntactic behavior, not
necessarily having much in common except that they do not fit into any of the other
available categories (noun, adjective, preposition, etc.)
In linguistics, an adjective (abbreviated ADJ) is a describing word, the main syntactic role
of which is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object
signified.[1]
Adjectives are one of the English parts of speech, although historically they were classed
together with the nouns.[2] Certain words that were traditionally considered to be
adjectives, including the, this, my, etc., are today usually classed separately,
as determiners.

Article: The article is the variable part of the sentence that has the function fo liting the
extensin of the noun. Example: He, the, the, the, nail, a.

Noun: A noun is a class of words that can function as the subject of a sentence and which
designates or identifies an animate or inanimate being.

Example: Treadmill, ball, keyboard, display.

Prepositions are words which link nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a
sentence.[1]
Prepositions usually describe the position of something, the time when something
happens and the way in which something is done,[2] although the prepositions "of," "to,"
and "for" have some separate functions.[3]
Prepositions can sometimes be used to end sentences. For example, "What did you put
that there for?"[4]Example 2: Pen is a device to write with.
The table below shows some examples of how prepositions are used in sentences.
Conjunction: Is a Word or set of them that links prepositions phrases or words.

Example: Also, although, when, where.

In linguistics, an interjection is a word or expression that occurs as an utterance on its

own and expresses a spontaneous feeling or reaction.[1][2] The category is quite
heterogeneous, and includes such things as exclamations (ouch!, wow!), curses (damn!),
greetings (hey, bye), response particles (okay, oh!, m-hm, huh?), and hesitation markers
(uh, er, um). Due to its heterogeneous nature, the category of interjections partly overlaps
with categories like profanities, discourse markers and fillers.

Example: Ah!, Wow!, Hey!, Hello!, Ok!.

Infinitive time: This means that they indicate in which the action is done so that the verbs
in infinitive have no time nor person nor number so they require another verb to
complement each other verb to complement each other and always end in ar, er, go

Example: Leave, walk, to draw, cry

Preterite: Is an absolute time of perfective aspect because the action enunciated is

considered finished or of global way.

Example: I opened, Closed, I wrote, I played, I Cried

Participle: Is an impersonal form of the verb is a nonconjugable form of the verb that is
generally as an adjective.

Example: She had already walked a lot.

Ive already been your friend.

Simple Present: Is one of the present these used in English

Example: We do not like that.

You like that

Simple Past: Is used to speak of a concrete action that began and ended in the past.

Example: Drop loose

to run

jump jump
Perfect Present

The auxiliary verb to have is used in the present and the past participle of the verb.

Example: Ive worked

Present Past: It is not necessary to express explicitly that the action in the past was
completed before an eartier action.

Example: she had finished her homework

Pronoun: Are words or morphemes whose referent is not fixed but is determined in
relation to others that have usually been named.

Example: I will eat at my house.

 COMPENDIO DE GRAMATICA INGLESA

ENGLISH GAMMAR COMENTARY

STUDENT: JEANSY ELIZABETH ARIAS SALES

TEACHER: LIC. HEBER NATHAN

QUINTANILLA SALAS

DATE: OCTOBER 12TH, 2017

CODE: 4

GRADE: 9 A