Solas 74

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CNG C V AN TON SINH MNG CON NGI TRN BIN -

SOLAS-74
Cng c v an ton sinh mng con ngi trn bin c xem l mt trong
nhng hip nh quc t quan trng nht lin quan n tu bun. Cng c u
tin v lnh vc ny c thng qua nm 1914, Cng c th hai thng qua nm
1929 v Cng c th 3 thng qua nm 1948.
Vic thng qua Cng c SOLAS 60 vo ngy 17/06/1960 l thnh tu quan
trng u tin ca IMO sau ngy thnh lp. Cng c ny l mt bc t ph
quan trng trong cng vic hin i ho cc qui nh v kp thi phn nh s pht
trin ca khoa hc, cng ngh trong ngnh cng nghip hng hi. Cng c
SOLAS 60 c hiu lc t ngy 26 thng 05 nm 1965.
Ngy 01/11/1974 mt Cng c hon ton mi c thng qua Cng c
quc t v an ton sinh mng con ngi trn bin 1974 (SOLAS74). Khng nhng
ch cp nht c cc thnh tu mi nht ca khoa hc v cng ngh, m
SOLAS74 cn a ra c th tc b sung sa i hon ton mi nhm mc ch
bo m rng cc b sung sa i s c chp nhn trong mt khong th gian
nht nh. Cng c SOLAS74 c hiu lc vo ngy 25/05/1980.
1. Cu trc ca cng c SOLAS74:
Mc ch ch yu ca Cng c SOLAS l nhm a ra cc tiu chun ti
thiu v kt cu, trang b v khai thc tu bo v an ton sinh mng cho tt c
mi ngi trn tu bin, bao gm c hnh khch.
Ti thi im c thng qua (01/11/1974) SOLAS 74 ch bao gm cc iu
khon v 9 chng trong gm 1 chng qui nh chung v 8 chng k thut.
Cc iu khon nu ra cc qui nh chung v cc th tc k kt, ph chun, chp
nhn, thng qua, tn thnh, c hiu lc, hu b, b sung sa i,.v.v i vi
Cng c. Cc chng a ra cc tiu chun i vi kt cu, trang thit b v khai
thc tu m bo an ton. Cc iu khon c sa i bi Ngh nh th
1978.
Theo s pht trin khng ngng ca khoa hc cng ngh, cng nh cc vn
pht sinh trong thc tin hot ng ca ngnh hng hi, cc yu cu k thut
ca Cng c c b sung v sa i lin tc. Cho n nay cu trc ca Cng
c SOLAS74 c tng ln 14 chng trong c 13 chng k thut (xem
bng 1)
Bng 2.1: Cc chng ca Cng c SOLAS-74
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Chng Tn gi
Chng I Qui nh chung
Chng II-1 Kt cu Phn khoang v n nh; thit b ng lc v thit b in
Chng II 2 Kt cu Phng chy, pht hin chy v dp chy
Chng III Phng tin cu sinh v b tr cu sinh
Chng IV Thng tin v tuyn
Chng V An ton hng hi
Chng VI Ch hng
Chng VII Ch hng nguy him
Chng VIII Tu ht nhn
Chng IX Qun l an ton
Chng X Cc bin php an ton tu cao tc
Chng XI-1 Cc bin php c bit tng cng an ton hng hi
Chng XI-2 Cc bin php c bit tng cng an ninh hng hi.
Chng XII Cc bin php an ton b sung i vi tu ch hng ri.
2. Cc b sung sa i ca Cng c SOLAS74

Bng 2.2: Cc b sung sa i ca SOLAS
Tn b
Ngy Ngy c
TT sung sa Ni dung ch yu
thng qua hiu lc
i
- Qui nh thi hn kim tra.
Ngh nh - Tng cng kim tra ca PSC.
1. 17/02/1978 01/05/1981
th 1978 - Sa i mt s qui nh ca Chng
II-1, II-2 v V
- Sa i hu ht v cp nht Chng
B sung II-1 v II-2.
2. sa i 20/11/1981 01/09/1986
1981 - Sa i mt s ni dung ca Chng
III, IV, V v VII.
B sung - Sa i mt s ni dung ca Chng
3. sa i 17/06/1983 01/07/1986 II-1, II-2 v V.
1983 - Sa i ton b ni dung Chng III.
- Sa i Chng VII: a b lut IBC

v GAS vo chng ny.
B sung
Thm qui nh 23-2 v 42-2 ca
sa i
4. 28/01/1988 29/01/1990 Chng II-1 lin quan n cc ca trn
1988
thn tu khch ro ro.
(thng 04)
B sung Thm mt s yu cu vi Chng I-1:
sa i n nh tai nn tu khch, kim tra trng
5. 28/01/1988 29/04/1990
1988 lng tu khch, kim tra trng lng
(thng 10) tu khng ca tu khch.
Ngh nh H thng hi ho kim tra v cp giy
6. 11/11/1988 03/02/2000
th 1988 chng nhn
B sung p dng h thng thng tin an ton
sa i hng hi v cu nn ton cu
7. 11/11/1988 01/02/1992
1988 (GMDSS); Chng IV c thay i
(thng 11) hon ton.
B sung
8. sa i 11/04/1989 01/02/1992 Sa i Chng II-1 v II-2.
1989
- a ra phn B-1 mi ca Chng II-
B sung 1: phn khoang v n inh ca tu ch
9. sa i 05/1990 01/02/1992 hng kh.
1990
- Sa i b lut IBC v GAS
- Thay i ln vi Chng VI (i tn
Chng ny t Ch hng ht thnh
B sung Ch hng. Cc yu cu ca Chng
10. sa i 24/05/1991 01/02/1994 ny p dng khng nhng ch i vi
1991 hng ht, m c cc loi hng khc.
- Sa i Chng II-1, III v V.
B sung
sa i
11. 10/04/1992 01/10/1994 Sa i Chng II-1 v II-2
1992
(thng 4)
B sung
sa i - Sa i Chng II-1 v II-2.
12. 11/12/1992 01/10/1994
1992 - Sa i B lut IBC, GAS v BCH.
(thng 12)
B sung 01/06/1996
sa i
1994 (Chng X,
- Thm 3 chng mi: IX, X v XI
(thng 5 XI)
13. 24/05/1994 - Thng qua Ngh quyt v vic qui
Hi ngh 01/07/1998
ca cc trnh b sung sa i yu cu k thut.
Chnh ph (Chng
k kt) IX)
B sung
sa i - B sung thm 3 Qui nh mi cho
1994 Chng V (Qui nh 8-1, 15-1 v 22).
14. 25/04/1994 01/06/1996
(thng 5 - Sa i Chng II-2
U ban - Sa i B lut IBC v GAS.
MSC)
B sung
sa i Sa i Chng VI v Chng VII: yu
15. 1994 09/12/1994 01/07/1996 cu v S tay chng buc hng ho cho
(thng tu hng.
012)
B sung
sa i
16. 16/05/1995 01/01/1997 Sa i qui nh 8 ca Chng V
1995
(thng 5)
B sung
sa i
1995
- Sa i Chng II-1, cc yu cu vi
29/11/1995
17. (thng 11 01/07/1997 khch ro - ro
Hi ngh
- Sa i Chng III, IV, V v VI.
ca cc
Chnh ph
k kt)
- Sa i ton b Chng III. Mt s
ln cc yu cu k thut ca Chng III
c a vo b lut LSA.
B sung
sa i - a ra phn A-1 mi v cc qui nh
18. 04/06/1996 01/07/1998 3-1, 3-2 mi ca Chng II-1
1996
(thng 6) - Sa i Chng VI: yu cu v xp d
hng i vi tu ch hng ri.
- Sa i Chng XI.
- Sa i B lut IBX v BCH.

B sung - Sa i Chng II-1, II-2, V v VII.
sa i
19. 06/12/1996 01/07/1998 - p dng bt buc B lut FTP.
1996
(thng 12) - Sa i b lut IBC.
B sung - Sa i Chng V: a ra qui nh 8-

sa i 2 mi v Dch v giao thng tu thu
20. 04/06/1997 01/07/1999 VTS.
1997
(thng 6) - Sa i Chng II-1
B sung
sa i
1997
Thm Chng XII mi vi mc ch
(thng 11
21. 27/01/1997 01/07/1999 nng cao an ton i vi tu ch hng
Hi ngh
ri.
ca cc
Chnh ph
k kt)
B sung
sa i
22. 18/05/1998 01/07/2002 - Sa i Chng II-1, IV v VI.
1998
(thng 5)
B sung
sa i
23. 27/05/1999 01/01/2001 -Sa i chng VII
1999
(thng 5)
Sa i
24. 2000 26/05/2000 01/02/2002 Sa i chng III quy tc 28.2
(thng 5)
Sa i -Sa li chng V lp t VDRs, AIS.
25. 2000 06/12/2000 01/07/2002
(thng 12) - Sa li chng II-2
Sa i
26. 06//2001 01/01/2003 - B sung vo chng VII, HSC Code.
2001
Sa i
Sa i chng VII, IMDG Code bt
27. 2002 24/05/2002 01/01/2004
buc thc hin
(thng 5)
28. Sa i 13/12/2002 01/07/2004 - Chng V, i chng XI thnh hai
2002 chng XI-1, XI-2, thm quy tc mi

XI-1/5.
Sa i -Thm quy tc mi XII/12, XII/13
29. 12/12/2002 01/07/2004
2003 - Sa i b sung chng II-1, II-2, III.
Sa i
30. 06/2003 01/07/2006 Sa i, b sung Chng V
2003
Sa i
31. 05/2004 01/07/2006 B sung cho chng III, V.
2004
Sa i
32. 1/7/2006 01/07/2009 Solas III, ix, XII, II
2006
3. Tm tt ni dung mt s chng ca SOLAS-74:
Chng I: Qui nh chung
Chng I gm 3 phn (A, B v C) v 21 qui nh, a ra cc yu cu chung v
phm vi p dng Cng c, cc trng hp min gim, th tc kim tra v cp
giy chng nhn cho tu xc nhn rng tu tho mn cc yu cu thch hp ca
SOLAS74, th tc kim tra ca Chnh quyn Cng ca cc Chnh ph k kt cng
c, th tc iu tra v bo co tai nn hng hi lin quan n Cng c.
Ni dung chnh ca Chng I nh sau:
- Phm vi p dng:
Cng c SOLAS74 khng p dng cho cc tu sau: (tr khi c qui nh khc
cc Chng k thut t chng II-1 n Chng XII):
Tu chin v tu qun s khc;
Tu hng c tng dung tch GT<500;
Tu c thit b y khng phi l c gii;
Tu g c kt cu th s;
Tu du lch khng tham gia vo hot ng thng mi;
Tu c.
- Min gim, thay th tng ng:
Chnh quyn hnh chnh c th xem xt min gim p dng tt c cc yu cu
ca SOLAS74 i vi cc tu khng thng xuyn hot ng tuyn quc t,
nhng trong cc hon cnh c bit phi thc hin mt chuyn i quc t.
Chnh quyn hnh chnh c th xem xt min gim p dng mt s cc yu
cu ca Chng II-1, II-2, III, IV v V ca Cng c nu xt thy hp l.
Chnh quyn hnh chnh c th xem xt v cho php s dng cc vt liu, thit
b, cu kin, vv khc vi yu cu ca SOLAS74 nhng vi iu kin l chng
phi tng ng vi cc yu cu ca Cng c.
- Kim tra v cp giy chng nhn:
C quan thc hin chc nng kim tra v cp giy chng nhn:
Chnh quyn hnh chnh chu trch nhim thc hin vic kim tra v cp giy
chng nhn.
Chnh quyn hnh chnh c th u quyn cho cc t chc c nhn c cng
nhn h thc hin vic kim tra v cp giy chng nhn. Tuy nhin trong mi
trng hp, Chnh quyn hnh chnh phi hon ton m bo tnh cht y v
tnh hiu qu ca cc t gim st v kim tra v phi c trch nhim thc hin
cc bin php cn thit tho mn ngha v ny.
Trong thi hn hiu lc ca giy chng nhn, phi thc hin cc t kim tra
t xut (unscheduled survey) xc nhn rng tu v cc trang thit b ca n
c duy tr trng thi tho mn v ph hp vi mc ch s dng an ton. Nu
chnh quyn hnh chnh qui nh kim tra hng nm bt buc th khng p dng
hnh thc kim tra t xut. Kim tra hng nm bt buc hin nay c hu ht
cc Chnh quyn hnh chnh p dng.
Cc loi hnh kim tra:
Kim tra tu khch:
Tu khch phi thc hin cc loi hnh kim tra sau:
Kim tra ln u: thc hin trc khi a tu vo s dng;
Kim tra nh k: thc hin 12 thng mt ln;
Kim tra bt thng: thc hin trong cc trng hp cn thit: tu hon ci,
tu b tai nn v sa cha, tu i c,v.v
Kim tra thn tu, thit b ng lc v trang thit b
(tr cc trang thit b lm c s cp giy chng nhn an ton trang thit b
v giy chng nhn an ton v tuyn in tu hng), phi thc hin cc loi hnh
kim tra sau:
Kim tra ln u: thc hin trc khi a ra tu vo s dng;
Kim tra nh k thc hin 5 nm mt ln;
Kim tra hng nm bt buc: thc hin 12 thng mt ln vi tt c cc loi tu
hng. Tuy nhin vic kim tra ny c th c thc hin trong khong 3 thng
so vi ngy n nh kim tra. Nu tu thc hin kim tra t xut th khng phi
p dng kim tra hng nm bt buc.
Kim tra trung gian: trong thi gian hiu lc 5 nm cp GCN an ton kt cu,
tu du trn mi tui phi c kim tra ny phi thc hin trong khong thi
gian 6 thng so vi ngy ht mt na hn hiu lc cp giy chng nhn an ton
kt cu (thng thng l 2,5 nm). Nhn chung hin nay hu ht cc Chnh quyn
hnh chnh u thc hin mt t kim tra trung gian vo trng vi t kim tra
hng nm th 2 hoc th 3.
tu b tai nn v sa cha, tu i c..
Kim tra trang thit b cu sinh v cc trang thit b khc cu tu hng
(kim tra an ton trang thit b):
Trang thit b cu sinh, trang thit b hng hi, trang thit b cu ho v trang
thit b trnh va, phi thc hin cc loi hnh kim tra sau:
Kim tra hng nm bt buc: tt c cc loi tu hng u phi thc hin kim
tra hng nm an ton thit b ti thi im GCN an ton trang thit b c hiu
lc c 12 thng. Tuy nhin vic kim tra ny c th c thc hin trong
khong 3 thng so vi ngy n nh kim tra. Nu tu thc hin kim tra t
xut th khng phi p dng kim tra hng nm bt buc.
Kim tra trung gian: tu du trn 10 tui phi c kim tra trung gian thay
cho kim tra hng nm bt buc.
tu b tai nn v sa cha, tu i c,.v.v
Kim tra thit b v tuyn in ca tu hng (kim tra an ton v tuyn in):
Thit b v tuyn in ca tu hng, gm c thit b v tuyn in dng cho
phng tin cu sinh, phi thc hin cc loi hnh kim tra sau:
tu b tai nn v sa cha, tu i c, vv
- Cc loi chng nhn cp giy cho tu, thi hn hiu lc v gia hn giy
chng nhn:
Giy chng nhn cp cho tu khch:
Tu khch sau khi hon thnh kim tra ln u hoc nh k v tho mn cc
yu cu lin quan ca Chng II-1, II-2, III, IV v V c cp giy chng nhn an
ton tu khch vi thi hn hiu lc 12 thng.
Km theo GCN an ton tu khch phi c danh mc trang thit b ca GCN an

ton tu khch (mu P).
Ti thi im GCN an ton tu khch ht hn hiu lc, m chnh quyn hnh
chnh khng th thc hin kim tra inh k cho tu, th chnh quyn hnh chnh c
th xem xt gia hn giy chng nhn vi thi hn cho tu v c cng ng
k hoc ni kim tra. Trong mi trng hp thi hn gia hn ny khng c qu
5 thng, v ch dng cho mc ch a tu v ni kim tra nh k v cp mi
GCN an ton tu khch.
Nu GCN an ton tu khch cha c gia hn nh trn th chnh quyn hnh
chnh c th xem xt gia hn khng qu 1 thng.
Giy chng nhn cp cho tu hng:
a. Giy chng nhn an ton kt cu tu hng:
Tu hng c tng dung tch GT 500, sau khi hon thnh kim tra ln u
hoc nh k nh nu 1.3.2.2 v tho mn cc yu cu tng ng ca chng II-
1, II - 2 (ngoi tr cc trang thit b v s cu ho), c cp Giy chng nhn
an ton kt cu tu hng vi thi hn hiu lc 5 nm.
Trong mi trng hp GCN an ton kt cu tu hng khng c php gia
hn.
b. Giy chng nhn an ton trang thit b tu hng:
hoc nh k nh nu 1.3.2.2 v tho mn cc yu cu tng ng ca Chng
II- 1, II- 2, III, IV, v V, c cp Giy chng nhn an ton trang thit b vi thi
hn hiu lc 24 thng.
Km theo GCN an ton trang thit b tu hng phi c Danh mc trang thit b
ca GCN an ton trang thit b tu hng (mu E).
Ti thi im GCN an ton trang thit tu hng ht hn hiu lc, m Chnh
quyn hnh chnh khng th thc hin kim tra nh k trang thit b an ton cho
tu th Chnh quyn hnh chnh c th xem xt gia hn Giy chng nhn vi thi
hn cho tu v c cng ng k hoc ni kim tra. Trong mi trng hp
thi hn gia hn ny khng c qu 5 thng, v ch dng cho mc ch a tu
v ni kim tra nh k trang thit b an ton v cp mi GCN an ton trang thit
b tu hng.
Nu GCN an ton trang thit b cha c gia hn nh trn th Chnh quyn
hnh chnh c th xem xt gia hn khng qu 1 thng.
c. Giy chng nhn an ton v tuyn in tu hng:
hoc nh k nh nu 1.3.2.4 v tho mn cc yu cu tng ng ca Chng
IV, c cp Giy chng nhn an ton v tuyn in vi thi hn hiu lc 12

thng.
Km theo GCN an ton v tuyn in tu hng phi c Danh mc trang thit
b ca GCN an ton v tuyn in tu hng (mu R).
Nu t kim tra nh k trang thit b v tuyn in ca tu hng c tng
dung tch 300 GT< 500 c tin hnh trong khong 2 thng trc ngy ht hn
ca GCN an ton v tuyn in hin c, th GCN an ton v tuyn in tu hng
mi c th cp vi hn hiu lc l 12 thng tnh t ngy ht hn ca GCN hin c.
Ti thi im GCN an ton v tuyn in tu hng ht hn hiu lc, m Chnh
quyn hnh chnh khng th thc hin kim tra nh k trang thit b v tuyn in
cho tu th Chnh quyn hnh chnh c th xem xt gia hn Giy chng nhn vi
thi hn cho tu v c cng ng k hoc ni kim tra. Trong mi trng
hp thi hn gia hn ny khng c qu 5 thng, v ch dng cho mc ch a
tu v ni kim tra nh k trang thit b v tuyn in v cp mi GCN an ton
v tuyn in tu hng.
Nu GCN an ton v tuyn in cha c gia hn nh trn th Chnh quyn
hnh chnh c th xem xt gia hn khng qu 1 thng.
- Kim sot:
Khi tu cng ca mt quc gia thnh vin ca Cng c SOLAS 74, th n
phi chu s kim sot ca cc thanh tra vin c Chnh ph quc gia thnh vin
u quyn m bo rng tu c y cc giy chng nhn hp l v trng
thi ca tu cng nh trang thit b l tho mn v ph hp vi cc giy chng
nhn.
Trong trng hp pht hin thy giy chng nhn ht hiu lc hoc tu
cng nh trang thit b ca tu trng thi khng tho mn hoc khng ph hp
vi giy chng nhn, th Thanh tra vin phi p dng cc bin php c th tin
tng hoc m bo rng tu c th ri cng i n ni sa cha m khng gy
nguy him cho tu v ngi trn tu.
Chng II - 1: " Kt cu - Phn khoang v n nh; thit b ng lc v
thit b in".
Chng II -1 gm c 5 Phn (A,B,C,D v E) v 54 Qui nh, a ra cc yu
cu lin quan n Phn khoang v n nh tu, thit b ng lc, trang b in v
cc yu cu b sung i vi bung my khng c ngi trc ca thng xuyn.
Ni dung chnh ca Chng II -1 nh sau:
- Phn khoang v n nh:
Phn A v B a ra cc yu cu sau y lin quan n phn khoang v n nh
ca tu:
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Tu khch phi c phn chia thnh cc khoang kn nc sao cho sau khi
thn tu b h hng gi nh, tu vn ni t th n nh.
Tu khch phi p ng c y cc yu cu v n nh trng thi cui
cng sau khi tu b tai nn, c xt n cc nh hng sau i vi m men gy
nghing tu: do hnh khch dn v mt bn mn tu, do h tt c cc xung cu
sinh vi y ngi v trang thit b xung v do p lc ca gi.
Tu khch v tu hng phi b tr vch bung my, vch chng va, vch ui,
y i v hm trc chn vt tho mn cc yu cu tng ng ca chng ny
m bo kh nng chng chm.
B tr cc l vo cc khoang / kt ca khu vc cha hng tu ch du phi
tho mn cc yu cu v v tr, kt cu, kch thc v iu kin thng gi.
Kt cu v cch b tr ca cc ca kn nc trn cc vch kn nc, cc ca
trn mn tu, cc ca s, cc l trn boong..v.v
Cc yu cu v b tr h thng ht kh trn tu khch hng v tu hng.
Yu cu v trang b thng bo n nh cho thuyn trng, s kim sot tai
nn cho tu khch v tu ch hng kh.
Cc yu cu v kim tra, kim sot tnh trng cc ca kn nc trn thn tu
v cc vch ngang kn nc ca tu khch.
- Thit b ng lc:
Phn C a ra cc yu cu sau y i vi cc thit b ng lc ca tu:
Yu cu chung i vi cc my trn tu.
Thit b tu chy li.
H thng my li.
H thng thit b iu khin my chnh v my ph.
Ni hi v h thng cp nc ni.
H thng ng ng hi nc.
Cc h thng: h thng kh nn, h thng thng gi bung my, h thng lin
lc gia bung my v bung li,v..v..
Yu cu v chng ting n.
- Trang b in:
Phn D a ra cc yu cu sau y lin quan n thit b in trn tu:
Ngun in chnh v h thng chiu sng.
Ngun in s c v b tr hot ng cc trang thit b in trong trng hp
xy ra s c.
11
Yu cu i vi h thng khi ng ca my pht in s c.

Cc yu cu v cc bin php ngn nga in git, chy v cc ri ro khc v
in.
- Cc yu cu b sung i vi bung my khng c ngi trc ca thng
xuyn:
Phn E a ra cc yu cu b sung sau y i vi thit b ng lc v trang
b in ca bung my khng c ngi trc ca thng xuyn:
Yu cu v ngn nga chy.
Yu cu v h thng ht kh, v tr iu khin cc van thng bin, ca x di
ng nc.
Hot ng iu khin my chnh t bung li.
H thng bo ng, h thng an ton, h thng thng tin gia bung iu
khin my chnh vi bung li v bung ca s quan my.
Cc yu cu c bit i vi h thng in.
Chng II - 2: "Kt cu - Phng chy, pht hin chy v dp chy"
Chng II - 2 gm c 4 Phn A, B, C v D v 63 Qui nh, a ra cc yu cu
v bo v cc khng gian chng li ha hon bng bin php kt cu, cc trang
thit b pht hin, bo ng chy, dp chy v cc phng tin thot him trong
trng hp xy ra chy.
Ni dung chnh ca Chng II -2 nh sau:
- Cc qui nh chung:
Phn A a ra cc qui nh chung i vi cc bin php phng, pht hin v
dp chy tt c cc loi tu:
Cc nguyn tc c bn ca cc bin php phng, pht hin v dp chy trn
tu l:
Phn chia tu thnh cc vng thng ng chnh bng cc vch kt cu v
chu nhit.
Cch ly khng gian sinh hot vi cc phn cn li ca tu bng cc vch
kt cu v chu nhit.
Hn ch s dng cc vt liu chy c.
Pht hin chy ngay vng pht sinh.
C lp v dp tt m chy ngay ti vng pht sinh.
Bo v cc phng tin thot thn v cc li i li thc hin vic dp
chy.
12
Tnh sn sng s dng ca cc trang thit b dp chy.

Gim thiu kh nng bt la ca hi hng chy c.
Cc tiu chun chu la p dng cho cc vch ca cc khoang v cc boong
ph hp vi mc quan trng ca cc khoang c bo v chng chy.
Cc yu cu i vi h thng dp chy bng nc: s lng v sn lng bm
dp chy, ng knh v p sut ca ng ng dp chy chnh, s lng v v tr
ca hng ly nc, s lng v tiu chun vi rng cu ha v lng phun.
Cc yu cu i vi h thng dp chy c nh trn tu: H thng dng kh
CO2, h thng dng halon, h thng dng bt, h thng phun sng c p sut cao.
Cc h thng dp chy c nh v cc trang thit b dp chy ca bung my,
bung ni hi.
Cc yu cu lin quan n b tr trong bung my: ca ra vo, l ly nh sng,
l thng gi, cc phng tin ng nhanh cc qut gi, bm nhin liu..v.v..
Cc yu cu i vi h thng pht hin v bo chy: H thng pht hin, bo
chy v phun nc t ng, h thng pht hin v bo chy c nh i vi bung
my khng c ngi trc ca thng xuyn.
Cc yu cu i vi h thng du t, du bi trn v cc du d chy khc.
Cc yu cu i vi trang thit b cho ngi cha chy, u ni b quc t v
s cu ho.
- Cc bin php an ton chng chy i vi tu khch:
Phn B a ra cc bin php an ton chng chy i vi tu khch nh sau:
Cc yu cu phn chia tu khch thnh cc khng gian thng ng chnh v
khng gian nm ngang bng cc vch v boong chng chy.
Cc phng tin thot thn trong trng hp xy ra ho hon, bin php bo
v cu thang v thang my trong khu vc sinh hot v phc v.
B tr v kt cu, b tr, thng gi v trang thit b pht hin chy, dp chy
cho cc khng gian dng cha cc xe c gii c nhin liu trong cc kt ca xe
chy ng c xe.
Yu cu v h thng dp chy c nh cho cc khoang hng.
Yu cu v h thng tun ra, pht hin, bo ng chy v truyn thanh cng
cng.
Cc yu cu c bit i vi cc tu ch trn 36 hnh khch.
- Cc bin php an ton chng chy i vi tu hng:
Phn C a ra cc bin php an ton chng chy i vi tu hng nh sau:
13
Cc yu cu v kt cu chng chy i vi cc bung lm vic, phc v, sinh

hot.
Qui nh v cc phng php bo v chng chy cho cc khng gian sinh hot
v phc v: c th p dng mt trong ba phng php sau: Phng php IC,
Phng php IIC, Phng php IIIC.
Cc phng tin thot thn trong trng hp xy ra ho hon, bin php bo
v cu thang v ging my trong khu vc sinh hot, phc v v trm iu khin.
B tr v kt cu ca cc ca trn kt cu chng chy.
Yu cu i vi cc h thng pht hin, cha chy v thng gi cho cc
khoang hng.
Cc yu cu c bit v an ton chng chy i vi tu ch hng nguy him.
- Cc bin php an ton i vi tu ch du:
Phn D a ra cc bin php an ton chng chy b sung i vi tu ch du
nh sau:
B tr v cch ly ca cc khu vc sau trn tu: Bung my, bung bm, khu
vc sinh hot, cc kt lng, phng tin ngn du trn trn boong chy vo khu
vc sinh hot.
Cc yu cu v kt cu chng chy i vi cc bung lm vic, phc v, sinh
hot.
B tr thng hi, ty kh, kh kh v thng gi cho khu vc cha hng: Thit
b ngn chn ngn la i vo kt hng, cc l x p sut, cc van p sut / chn
khng.
Yu cu v cc bin php bo v cc khoang hng chng chy:
H thng bt trn boong c nh.
H thng kh tr c nh cho cc kt hng: p dng cho cc tu c DWT>
20000 tn.
Cc yu cu k thut i vi h thng kh tr.
Yu cu v h thng dp chy c nh i vi bung bm hng.
Chng III:" Trang b v h thng cu sinh".
T thng 06/ 1996, Chng III: " Trang b v h thng cu sinh" ca SOLAS
74 c thay i ton b theo B sung sa i 1996. Chng III gm c 2 phn
(phn A v B) v 37 Qui nh. im khc bit c bn ca Chng III theo B
sung sa i 1996 l ton b cc yu cu k thut ca tt c cc trang thit b cu
sinh c a vo B lut quc t v trang b cu sinh (B lut LSA).
Ni dung chnh ca Chng III nh sau:
14
- Qui nh chung:
Phn A a ra cc qui nh chung v cc vn sau:
Phm vi p dng.
Cc min gim.
Cc nh ngha v thut ng.
Cc th tc nh gi, th nghim v ph duyt cc trang thit b v h
thng cu sinh.
- Yu cu i vi tu v trang b cu sinh:
Phn B a ra cc yu cu i vi tu lin quan n hot ng cu sinh v
nh mc, cch b tr, hng dn s dng, bo dng cc trang thit b cu sinh,
gm c trang thit b thng tin lin lc dng cho phng tin cu sinh. Phn B
gm 5 mc, vi cc ni dung chnh l:
Mc I: "Tu hng v tu khch":
Yu cu v trang thit b thng tin lin lc lin quan n hot ng cu sinh:
thit b v tuyn in cu sinh (thit b VHF cm tay, thit b Radar Transponder),
pho hiu cp cu (12 qu pho d ), h thng thng tin lin lc v bo ng
trn tu, h thng truyn thanh cng cng bo v kn.
Yu cu v b tr cc phao trn, yu cu v nh mc cc phao o, b qun o
chng mt nhit v cc ti gi nhit.
Yu cu v bng phn cng trch nhim, cc hng dn trong trng hp s
c, bin ch ngi cho cc phng tin cu sinh.
Yu cu i vi vic b tr tp trung v a ngi ln cc phng tin cu
sinh.
Yu cu ct gi cc phng tin cu sinh (xung cu sinh, xung cp cu,
phao b, h thng s tn hng hi).
Yu cu i vi h thng h v thu hi phng tin cu sinh, xung cp cu.
Qui nh hng dn thc tp trong cc trng hp s c: Thc tp ri tu,
thc tp cha chy, hun luyn s dng cc trang thit b cu sinh, cu ho trn
tu v vic ghi nht k v cc t thc tp, hun luyn ny.
Qui nh v hot ng bo dng v kim tra nh k cc trang thit b cu
sinh trn tu.
Mc II: "Tu khch":
Mc ny a ra cc yu cu b sung i vi cc phng tin v trang thit b
cu sinh ca tu khch:
15
nh mc trang b cu sinh ca tu khch: xung cu sinh, phao b, xung

cp cu.
nh mc trang b cu sinh c nhn: phao trn, phao o, qun o bi, dng c
chng mt nhit.
Cc yu cu i vi cc h thng a ngi ln phng tin cu sinh, vic ct
gi phng tin cu sinh, cc trm tp trung hng dn v a hnh khch ln
phng tin cu sinh.
Cc yu cu b sung i vi tu khch ro - ro.
Yu cu trang b sn my bay trc thng h cnh trn tu khch ro ro v
cc tu khch di 130m tr ln.
Yu cu i vi h thng tr gip quyt nh ca thuyn trng tu khch
trong cc trng hp s c: chy, h hng, nhim, tai nn i vi ngi....v.v
Mc III: " Tu hng":
Mc ny a ra cc yu cu b sung i vi cc phng tin v trang thit b
cu sinh ca tu hng:
nh mc trang b cu sinh ca tu hng: xung cu sinh, phao b, xung cp
cu.
nh mc trang b c nhn: phao trn, phao o, qun o bi, dng c chng
mt nhit.
Cc yu cu i vi cc h thng a ngi ln xung cu sinh v h xung.
Mc IV:" Cc yu cu i vi trang b cu sinh v b tr trang b cu sinh ":
Mc ny qui nh r l tt c cc trang b cu sinh v vic b tr chng phi
tho mn cc yu cu ca B lut LSA.
Mc V:" Cc qui nh khc":
Mc ny a ra cc yu cu khc p dng cho tt c cc tu:
S tay hng dn v cc phng tin hun luyn trn tu.
Bng phn cng trch nhim v cc hng dn s c.
Chng IV:" Thng tin v tuyn"
a. Phm vi p dng chng IV.
Tu chy tuyn quc t:
Tu khch mi kch thc (tu ch t 12 hnh khch tr ln ).
Tu hng c GT t 300 tr ln.
b. Thut ng v nh ngha:
16
Gii thch cc thut ng nh ngha. (xem qui nh 2/ IV SOLAS).

Gii thch r vng hot ng A1, A2, A3, A4.
A1: Vng phm vi ph sng ca ti thiu 1 trm VHF DSC thng thng
khong cch 20 - 30 hi l.
A2: Vng phm vi ph sng ca ti thiu 1 trm MF DSC thng thng
khong cch 100 - 150 hi l.
A3: Vng phm vi ph sng ca h thng INMASAT t 70 v bc n
70 v nam.
A4: Vng hai u cc ngoi vng A3.
c. Min gim:
Qui nh chung v min gim. (Xem qui nh 3/ IV SOLAS).
Lu mi min gim u phi c Giy chng nhn min gim i km.
d. Chc nng, thit b v phng tin thc hin chc nng thng tin.
1. Pht thng tin cp cu t tu vo b bng hai phng tin ring v c
lp: Cc thit b c th s dng thc hin VHF DSC,MF DSC, MF/ HF DSC
NBDP, INMARSAT A/C, 406 MHz EPIB, 1,6 GHZ EPIRB.
2. Thu cc thng tin cp cu t b n tu: VHF DSC, MF DSC, MF DSC,
MF/ HF DSC NBDP, NAVTEX, EGC, HF MSI.
3. Pht v thu cc thng tin cp cu t tu n tu: VHF DSC,MF DSC,
MF/HF DSC NBDP.
4. Pht v thu cc thng tin phi hp tm cu: VHF DSC, MF/ HF DSC,
Two - way VHF.
5. Pht v thu cc thng tin phi hp tm cu: VHF DSC, MF DSC, MF/
HF DSC.
6. Pht v thu cc tin hiu nh v: Radar - Transponder, 406 MHZ
EPIRB, 1,6 GHZ, EPIRB.
7. Pht v thu cc thng tin an ton Hng Hi: NAVTEX, EGC, HF, MSI,
MF DSC, MF/ HF DSC NBDP, INMARSAT A/ C.
8. Pht v thu cc thng tin v tuyn in ni chung ti h thng hoc
mng v tuyn trn b: VHF DSC, MF DSC, MF/ HF DSC NBDP, INMARSAT
SES.
9. Pht v thu cc thng tin lin lc tm gn gia tu vi tu: VHF, Two -
way VHF.
Lu : Cc thit b thng tin lin lc k trn cn c xem xt ph hp vi
vng hot ng ca tu trong hon cnh c th.
17
e. Cam kt (Ngha v) ca chnh ph thnh vin.

Ngha v ca chnh ph thnh vin: Thit lp cc trm thng tin trn b ph
hp, cung cp thng tin v cc trm ny cho IMO nhng cha hon thnh, cha
cng b vic trc canh v cc vng A1, A2.
f. Yu cu chung i vi tu.
g. Yu cu trang thit b chung cho cc tu.
h. Trang b v tuyn in vng bin A1.
i. Trang b v tuyn in vng bin A2.
j. Trang b v tuyn in vng bin A3.
k. Trang b v tuyn in vng bin A4.
(Cc mc t 6 - 11 xem SOLAS v cc ti liu tham kho gii thch theo yu
cu ca hc vin).
l. Trc canh:
Yu cu trc canh ph hp vi trang b ca tu ti cc tn s gi v cp cu
VHF DSC, MF DSC, MF. HF DSC, INMARSAT.
Vic trc canh 2182 KHZ: Cc tu trang b tho mn GMDSS c th c
min trang b ny tuy nhin lu vi c i tu bin Vit Nam hin nay vn cn
p dng do i tu Vit Nam cha c trang b GMDSS cha c phng thc
trc canh cho i tu Vit Nam.
m. Ngun in.
Yu cu v ngun in cung cp chnh thc cho thit b VT. cung cp
cho cc thit b VT v np cho c qui VT.
Yu cu v ngun in d phng: c qui cung cp cho cc thit b thu pht
thng tin cp cu trong thi gian ti thiu l 01 gi i vi tu tho mn qui nh
II - 1/ 42 hoc 43 v 06 gi i vi cc tu cn li.
n. Tiu chun k thut.
Tt c cc thit b lp xung tu phi c chnh quyn duyt. Vic ph duyt
ca chnh quyn hnh chnh i vi thit b th hin cc giy chng nhn thit b
tho mn, c lp t trn tu.
Chnh quyn hnh chnh phi a ra Tiu chun k thut p dng i vi cc
thit b khoong thp hn cc tiu chun ca IMO. ng kim Vit Nam p dng
lun cc tiu chun k thut ca IMO. Cc tiu chun ny c nu r ti cc ngh
quyt ca IMO cho tng thit b.
Lu : Cc ngh quyt lin quan ca IMO n tiu chun k thut thit b c
th thay i trong tng thi k.
18
o. Yu cu v bo dng. (Tham kho A.702 (17)).

Gii thch v yu cu bo dng:
Trang b p: Trang b gp i thit b thu pht cc cuc gi cp cu. Vng
A1 trang b p VHF DSC, A2 MF DSC, A3 MF/ HF DSC hoc INMARSAT SES,
A4 MF/ HF DSD.
Bo dng trn b. Phi c nhn vin kh nng sa cha v bo dng
thit b trn bin, c danh mc thit b d tr thay th c duyt trn tu, c
cc dng c o v sa cha.
i vi vng hot ng A1, A2, phi p dng ti thiu mt bin php.
i vi vng hot ng A3, A4 phi p dng ti thiu hai bin php.
p. Nhn vin VT.
Cc loi bng cp VT theo h GMDSS: c 04 loi ROC, GOC, cp 2 v cp
1 GMDSS.
Phm vi s dng: ROC ch ph hp vi tu hot ng vng A1, cc hng cn
li ph hp vi tu hot ng ti mi vng.
nh bin ti thiu: Mi quc gia c yu cu ring v s quan VT, Vit Nam
ch yu cu ti thiu 01 s quan c bng GOC tr ln l .
q. Cc h s ng kim cp cho tu.
Giy chng nhn: Ch thi hn hiu lc khng qua 12 thng, c hay khng
mt giy chng nhn min gim i km, khi p dng h thng kim tra hi ho
thi hn giy ny c th l 5 nm.
Ph bn i km giy chng nhn. Lun lun phi i km giy chng nhn.
Gip kim tra nhanh cc thit b VT c trang b trn tu.
Danh mc thit b c duyt. c cp khi kim tra ln u thit b VT
cho tu phi c lu gi cn thn trn tu phc v cho cc t kim tra hng
nm.
Bin bn kim tra hng nm (check list).
r. Cc ti liu lin quan cn c trn tu
Danh mc cc i tu, tn s lin lc, m hiu, h hiu.
Ti liu hng dn bo qun, bo dng, s dng v sa cha cc thit b
c lp t trn tu.
Bng hng dn cc th tc, trnh t gi cp cu.
s. Cc ti liu tham kho hiu thm v chng IV SOLAS 74
Th l v tuyn in. ITU
19
Cc ngh quyt lin quan ca IMO

S tay GMDSS
Chng IX: " Qun l an ton "
Chng IX c son tho to ra s p dng bt buc i vi B lut
qun l an ton (ISM Code) v c ph chun theo ngh quyt ca i hi
ng IMO trong thng 11 nm 1993 A.741 (18).
Chng ny cng vi B lut ISM yu cu mt h thng qun l an ton phi
c thit lp bi Ch tu hoc bt c ngi no c trch nhim vi tu tng t
nh vy ng thi phi duy tr, thc hin h thng qun l an ton, p ng cc
i hi v an ton v phng chng nhim mi trng.
Mc tiu ca qun l an ton l:
Thc hnh an ton trong khai thc tu.
Bo v, ngn nga vic gy nhim mi trng sinh thi.
Tu v trang thit b c duy tr trong tnh trng an ton.
Sn sng cc quy trnh hnh ng ng ph vi cc tnh hung khn cp.
Theo quy nh ca chng ny v B lut ISM (Bt u c hiu lc p dng
i vi cc tu khch v tu du t 01/07/1998 v c hiu lc y vi cc tu
khc vo 01/07/2002), Ch tu v tu phi c cc giy chng nhn sau:
Giy chng nhn ph hp (Document Of Compliance-DOC)
Giy chng nhn Qun l an ton (Safety Management Certificate-SMC)
Thi hn ca giy chng nhn l 5 nm.
Chng X: " Bin php an ton i vi tu cao tc"
- Chng ny a ra cc yu cu p dng i vi cc tu cao tc sau:
Tu khch m thi gian thc hin hnh trnh t ni tr n trng thi ton ti
vi tc thit k khng qu 4 ting.
Tu hng c tng dung tch GT500 m thi gian thc hin hnh trnh t ni
tr n trng thi ton ti vi tc thit k khng qu 8 ting.
- Tu cao tc l tu c th t c tc ln nht bng hoc ln hn tr s
sau:
3,70,1667(m/ giy).
Trong : (m3) l lng chim nc ng vi chiu chm thit k ca tu.
- Thit k, kt cu, trang thit b v hot ng ca cc tu cao tc phi tho
mn yu cu ca B lut quc t v tu cao tc (B lut HSC) theo Ngh quyt
MSC. 36 (63).
20
- Tu cao tc c cp giy chng nhn an ton tu cao tc theo qui nh ca

b lut HSC (High Speed Craft Code).
Chng XI-1: "Cc bin php c bit tng cng an ton hng hi"
Ni dung chnh ca Chng XI bao gm:
Qui nh 1: Yu cu cc c quan c Chnh quyn hnh chnh u quyn phi
chu trch nhim thc hin vic kim tra ph hp vi cc hng dn c IMO
thng qua theo Ngh quyt A. 739 (28) thng 11/ 1993
Qui nh 2: Yu cu vic p dng chng trnh kim tra nng cao i vi cc
tu c trch nhim thc hin vic kim tra ph hp vi cc hng dn c IMO
thng qua theo Ngh quyt A. 739 (18).
Qui nh 3: Yu cu tt c cc tu khch c tng dung tch GT 100, tu hng
c dung tch GT 300 phi c n nh s phn bit ph hp vi Ngh quyt
A.600 (15) ca IMO. S phn bit (hay s IMO) phi c trao cho tu ngay
giai on t sng chnh v khng thay i trong sut cuc i tu. S phn bit
c ghi vo cc giy chng nhn theo qui nh ca Cng c SOLAS.
Qui nh 4: Qui nh ny a ra cc yu cu lin quan n hot ng kim
sot ca Chnh quyn cng. Cc thanh tra vin ca Chnh quyn cng c th thc
hin thanh tra cc tu nc ngoi vo cng ca mnh kim tra cc yu cu v
hot ng trn tu, " khi c cc chng c r rng" thuyn trng hoc thuyn vin
khng thnh tho vi cc qui nh hot ng thit yu lin quan n an ton ca
tu.
IMO a ra cc hng dn khuyn ngh v hot ng kim sot ca Chnh
quyn cng trong Ngh quyt A. 742 (18), c thng qua thng 11/ 1993.
Hot ng kim sot ca Chnh quyn cng thng thng ch gii hn vic
kim tra cc giy chng nhn v ti liu trn tu. Khi pht hin thy giy chng
nhn khng hp l hoc khi c cc chng c r rng rng trng thi ca tu hoc
cc trang thit b ca n hay cc thuyn vin trn tu khng ph hp vi cc tiu
chun hin hnh th vic thanh tra chi tit c th c tin hnh.
- Quy nh 5 (mi): Yu cu cc tu phi c cp GCN l lch lin tc
(Continuous Synopsis Record-CSR) ca Chnh quyn hnh chnh.
Chng XI-2: "Cc bin php c bit tng cng an ninh hng hi"
Chng ny c ph chun trong thng 12/2002 v c hiu lc vo
01/07/2004. Quy tc XI-2/3 ca chng ny l c s ca B lut An ninh tu bin
v bn cng. B lut gm 2 phn, phn A l cc yu cu bt buc lin quan n
cc iu khon ca chng XI-2 SOLAS-74 v phn B l cc hng dn thc
hin phn A.
B lut yu cu cc chnh quyn hnh chnh phi thit lp cc cp an ninh
v m bo cung cp thng tin v cp an ninh cho cc tu treo c ca mnh.
21
Quy tc XI-2/4 xc nhn Thuyn trng c ton quyn a ra cc quyt nh

cn thit m bo an ninh cho tu m khng b cn tr bi Ch tu, ngi thu
tu hoc nhng ngi khc.
Quy tc XI-2/5 yu cu mi tu bin thuc phm vi cng c phi trang b h
thng bo ng an ninh tu bin vi mt lch trnh cho hu ht cc tu phi lp t
xong khng chm hn ngy 31/12/2004 v s cn li n nm 2006.
H thng bo ng ny phi khng gy ra tn hiu bo ng trn tu, khng
pht sang cc tu khc m ch pht v cho c quan c thm quyn do chnh quyn
hnh chnh chp nhn. H thng ny phi c b tr c th kch hot ti bung
li v t nht mt ni khc na trn tu.
Quy tc XI-2/6 bao gm cc yu cu lin quan n an ninh bn cng.
Phm vi p dng ca b lut ISPS p dng bt buc k t ngy 01/07/2004
cho tt c cc tu chy tuyn quc t sau y:
Tu khch, tu khch cao tc.
Tu hng, bao gm c tu hng cao tc c dung tch t 500GT tr ln.
Cc dn khoan bin di ng.
Cc bn cng phc v cho cc tu chy tuyn quc t trn.
B lut khng p dng cho cc tu chin, tu s dng cho mc ch phi
thng mi ca chnh ph.
Theo quy nh ca chng ny v B lut ISPS, cc tu i hi phi c Bn
k hoch an ninh tu bin c duyt (SSP) v phi c giy chng nhn quc t v
an ninh tu bin (International Ship Security Certificate-ISSC). Thi hn ca giy
chng nhn l 5 nm.
Chng XII:" Cc bin php an ton b sung i vi tu ch hng ri:
Cc qui nh ca chng ny yu cu tt c cc tu ch hng ri mi c
ng vo hoc sau ngy 01 / 07 /1999 c chiu di t 150 m tr ln, ch hng c
t trng t 1000 kg/ m3 tr ln, phi c bn chu c ngp nc mt
khoang bt k, c lu n nh hng mt thong ca nc trong khoang.
i vi cc tu ch hng ri hin c (c ng trc ngy 01 /07/1999), ch
hng c t trng t 1780 kg / m3 tr ln, vch ngn ngang kn nc hm hng mi
v hm hng k tip cng nh y i ca hm hng mi phi c bn
chu c ngp nc khoang hng mi, c lu n nh hng mt thong ca
nc ngp.
Cc tu ch hng ri hin c, c chiu di t 150m tr ln, ch hng c t
trng t 1000 kg / m3 tr ln, khi c xp hng n ng nc ch hng ma
h, phi c kh nng chu c ngp nc mt khoang hng bt k tt c cc
trng thi v phi duy tr c ni cn bng.
22
Tt c cc tu ch hng ri c chiu di t 150 m tr ln phi c trang b

my tnh xp hng (loading Instrument) c kh nng cung cp cc s liu v lc
ct v m men un chung thn tu.
23

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CNG C V AN TON SINH MNG CON NGI TRN BIN -

2. Cc b sung sa i ca Cng c SOLAS74

- Sa i Chng VII: a b lut IBC

- Sa i B lut IBX v BCH.

B sung - Sa i Chng V: a ra qui nh 8-

2002 chng XI-1, XI-2, thm quy tc mi

Km theo GCN an ton tu khch phi c danh mc trang thit b ca GCN an

IV, c cp Giy chng nhn an ton v tuyn in vi thi hn hiu lc 12

Yu cu i vi h thng khi ng ca my pht in s c.

Tnh sn sng s dng ca cc trang thit b dp chy.

Cc yu cu v kt cu chng chy i vi cc bung lm vic, phc v, sinh

nh mc trang b cu sinh ca tu khch: xung cu sinh, phao b, xung

Gii thch cc thut ng nh ngha. (xem qui nh 2/ IV SOLAS).

e. Cam kt (Ngha v) ca chnh ph thnh vin.

o. Yu cu v bo dng. (Tham kho A.702 (17)).

Cc ngh quyt lin quan ca IMO

- Tu cao tc c cp giy chng nhn an ton tu cao tc theo qui nh ca

Quy tc XI-2/4 xc nhn Thuyn trng c ton quyn a ra cc quyt nh

Tt c cc tu ch hng ri c chiu di t 150 m tr ln phi c trang b

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