PAG-LFS-CIV-SPC-005 Civil Specification Pile and Sheet Piles - R0

JASA KONSULTANSI FRONT END ENGINEERING DESIGN
LNG FILLING STATION ARUN
CIVIL SPECIFICATION FOR PILES AND SHEET PILES

Document No:
PAG LFS CIV SPC 005
0 29 Meil 2015 Issued for Construction RMY YF PSN
B 8 Mei 2015 Issued for Approval RMY YF PSN
A 15 April 2015 Issued for Review RMY YF PSN
PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED
REV DATE DESCRIPTION APPROVAL

PT.LAPI ITB
NO part of this document may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, except as permitted by
PT PERTA ARUN GAS
JASA KONSULTANSI FRONT END
ENGINEERING DESIGN LNG FILLING
STATION ARUN
TITLE DOCUMENT NUMBER REV PAGE

Civil Specification For Piles and
PAG LFS CIV SPC 005 0 2 of 53
Sheet Piles
REVISION SHEET
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COMMENT SHEET
Reference / Paragraph / PT. PertaArun PT.LAPI ITB

No.
Section GasComment Response
Change the title with
1 All Page spesification for piles & Already Revision
sheet piles
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with the new logo
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COMPANY
BY
POSITION
DATE 9 May 2015
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
REVISION SHEET .......................................................................................................................... 2

COMMENT SHEET ........................................................................................................................ 3
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................... 6
LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................ 7
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 8
2. SCOPE .................................................................................................................................. 8
3. DEFINITION .......................................................................................................................... 8
4. CODE AND STANDARDS .................................................................................................... 8
5. MATERIAL ............................................................................................................................. 9
6. TRANSPORTATION & hANDLING (LOADING & uNLOADING) ......................................... 9
7. STORING ............................................................................................................................ 10
8. SETTING OUT .................................................................................................................... 11
9. PC PILE ............................................................................................................................... 11
9.1 PREPARATION OF PC PILE DRIVING .................................................................... 11
9.1.1 Equipment........................................................................................................ 11
9.1.2 Value Numbering ............................................................................................. 12
9.1.3 Work of Sequence of Piling ............................................................................. 12
9.1.4 PC Pile Location .............................................................................................. 13
9.1.5 Blow Count and Measurement ........................................................................ 13
9.1.6 Cutting and Installation of Bearing Plate ......................................................... 14
9.2 PC PILE SPLICING ................................................................................................... 14
9.2.1 General Requirements .................................................................................... 14
9.2.2 Welding ............................................................................................................ 14
9.2.3 Inspection ........................................................................................................ 15
9.3 PC PILE DRIVING ..................................................................................................... 15
9.4 TOLERANCE ............................................................................................................. 17
9.5 REPORTING .............................................................................................................. 18
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9.6 PC PILE DRIVING CRITERIA ................................................................................... 18

10. BORED PILES ..................................................................................................................... 19
10.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................. 19
10.2 CASTING THE BORED PILE .................................................................................... 21
10.3 POSITION TOLERANCE OF BORED PILE.............................................................. 25
10.4 SHOP DRAWING AND WORK SEQUENCE OF BORED PILE DEVELOPMENT .. 26
10.5 RESIDUAL MATERIAL .............................................................................................. 26
10.6 BACKFILLING ............................................................................................................ 26
10.7 TRIMMING THE REBAR ........................................................................................... 27
10.8 RECORDING DATA IF THE BORED PILE ............................................................... 27
11. SHEET PILES ..................................................................................................................... 27
11.1 General ....................................................................................................................... 27
11.2 Materials ..................................................................................................................... 27
11.3 Concrete Sheet Piles ................................................................................................. 27
11.4 Timber Sheet Piles ..................................................................................................... 28
11.5 Steel Sheet Piles ........................................................................................................ 29
11.6 Pile Handling .............................................................................................................. 30
11.7 Pile Driving Methods .................................................................................................. 30
11.8 Pile Installation and Driving ....................................................................................... 31
12. TEST PILE ........................................................................................................................... 32
12.1 General ....................................................................................................................... 32
12.2 Static Load Test ......................................................................................................... 32
12.3 PDA Test .................................................................................................................... 48
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 The Poition of rope when loading and unloading piles .................................................. 10
Figure 2The Position of sleeper when storing piles ..................................................................... 11
Figure 3 Typical Setup for a Reaction Frame .............................................................................. 33
Figure 4 Typical Setup for A Weighted Box or Platform .............................................................. 36
Figure 5 Typical Setup for Measuring System ............................................................................. 40
Figure 6 Measuring Device ........................................................................................................... 41
Figure 7 a Typical of Cycle Load (in kN) vs Settlement (in milimeters) during Load Test .......... 45
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 12.1 Design Load Cycle for Static Load Test ..................................................................... 43
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1. INTRODUCTION
PT Perta Arun Gas (PAG) plans to build LNG Filling Station in PAG Area at Arun. The
Filling stationhas LNG capacity of 68,4 MMSCFD will be distributed to any area in Arun by
LNG trucks. This project will include construction of new LNG Filling Station at any
disciplines required.
2. SCOPE
This specification acts as requirements for foundation in construction of build LNG Filling
Station owned by PT Perta Arun Gas (PAG). Work under this specification consists of
material, definitions, and provision in providing foundation as structural component.
3. DEFINITION
The definitions contained in this document are as follows :
a. CLIENT is PT Perta Arun Gas (PAG) as an owner of Jasa Konsultansi Engineering
Design LNG Filling Station Arun project.
b. CONSULTANT is PT.LAPI ITB as the party providing the Technical Consultation
Services for Jasa Konsultansi Engineering Design LNG Filling Station Arun.
c. CONTRACTOR is the party which provides services to perform part of the contract
scope of work on behalf Company.
d. VENDOR/MANUFACTURER is the party which provides manufactures equipment /
material specified and ordered by Contractor.
e. MIGAS is the representatives from the Indonesian Government which is responsible
for issuing licenses and permits oil and gas facilities.
4. CODE AND STANDARDS
Requirements to be applied in the construction of PC Pile shall be in accordance with
provisions of the latest regulations and standards issued by CLIENT :
ASTMD 1143 Method of testing piles under static axial compressive load
ASTM D4945 Standard Test Method for High-Strain Dynamic Testing of
Pile
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JIS A 5335 Pretensioned Spun Concrete Piles

ASME Sect. IX Qualification Standard for Welding and Brazing
Procedure, Welders,Brazers, Welding and Brazing
Operators.
ANSI/AWS D1-1 Structural Welding Code Steel
ASTM C33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
ASTM C494 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
Concrete
PAG-LFS-CIV-SPC-003 Civil Specification For Concrete Design andMaterial
5. MATERIAL
1. Driven Pile (PC Pile)
PC Pile used is precast concrete to meet the standards of JIS A 5335 or equivalent.
2. Bored Pile
a. Concrete and steel requirements shall follow the concrete reinforcement work on
the Specification for Concrete Material (PAG-LFS-CIV-SPC-003).
b. The qualities of the materials used are listed in the plan drawings. And if not
mentioned specifically in the drawings, the required concrete is K-300 with slump
180 20 mm.
c. Casting the bored pile shall use ready mix concrete.
d. Unless otherwise specified by the Engineer, the new concrete should not be
disturbed for a minimum (7 days) starting from the finished casting.
6. TRANSPORTATION & HANDLING (LOADING & UNLOADING)
Transportation, loading and unloading of PC Pile from the shipment location to project site
specified by CLIENT shall be conducted under the responsibility of Contractor and shall
be implemented with utmost care.
PC Pile enduring damage during handling and shipment shall be inspected by CLIENT to
decide whether the PC Pile concerned is acceptable or unacceptable.
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The position of the rope shall be as follows when loading and unloading the pile:
Figure 1ThePoition of rope when loading and unloading piles
Noted: a) Centrifugal Reinforcing Bar Concrete Pile

b) Centrifugal Prestress Concrete Pile
c) Piles Longer Than 15 m
7. STORING
The storing location of PC Pile to be used shall be placed as close as possible to the work
location and shall be arranged according to its sequence of work execution. The storing
shall be done with closed storage and good drainage to avoid corrosion and/or
deterioration on PC Pile and firm ground, grade the land evenly, dry ground and lay props
in short intervals. For each bundle of pipes, prop them in the same position and do not
heap up more than 10 piles on top of another. The position of the sleeper shall be as
follows when storing piles:
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Figure 2The Position of sleeper when storing piles
8. SETTING OUT
1. Before work was begun, the Contractor should perform setting out precisely using a
experienced worker, to determine the drive position for PC Pile or hole position for
bored pile as planned by the Engineer.
2. The contractor should report everything that occurred in the site that is expected to
disrupt the work continuity in writing to CLIENT, hence such interference can be
handled as soon as possible.
3. If public facilities and other utilities are founded in the site, the Contractor shall keep
all these facilities to remain able to function during the execution took place. All costs
needed to protect / maintain the facility / utility there, including resetting damaged by
Contractors error, should have been anticipated in the bid.
9. PC PILE
9.1 PREPARATION OF PC PILE DRIVING
9.1.1 Equipment
1. Before mobilizing the piling equipment (Crane, Hammer, Leads, Hammer

Components, Pile Followers, and Jets), hammer shall be inspected to examine its
condition and shall attain approval from CLIENT.
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2. Piling equipment, hammer and hammer pads shall be selected and adjusted to the
requirement for reaching the necessary penetration and required PC Pile capacity
without causing any damage.
3. Any hammer found unsuitable to be used during PC Pile Drive shall be changed with
the correct hammer.
9.1.2 Value Numbering

Numbering shall be made by giving mark with paint at specified interval of the entire length
of pile and the numbering shall be painted at this interval starting from the lower part of
pile.
One-third of the upper part of pile shall be marked at interval of 25 cm, while the remaining
two-third of the lower part of pipe shall be marked at interval of 50 cm.
9.1.3 Work of Sequence of Piling

Work sequence of PC Pile Drive shall be planned carefully to prevent displacement and
lifting of PC Pile that has been piled due to the piling of other pile. this is the work sequence
of piling:
Mobilization Piling Machine to The Site
Firstly, clarify the location that the piling machine has to be moved to. After that,
the piling machine will be moving in to the location in site. The piling machine will
be set on place.
Driving Initial Pile
After bringing in the piling machine, first pile or starter pile or initial pile will be
ready to drive in to the ground by following the pile point that shown in the
construction drawing. The initial pile will be driven in to the ground until maximum
or cant be driving in anymore.
Driving Extention Pile
If initial pile has been fully driving in to the ground, the second pile or extension
pile will be jointing to the initial pile and drive again. The extension pile will be
driving into the ground until maximum as the initial pile.
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Cutting Off Pile Head

The pile cut off elevation refers to the top of pile elevation indicated in the plans
and pile cutoff refers to the excess length of furnished pile above this elevation.
After piles have been driven to the minimum tip elevation, the cutoff elevation
shall be marked on the piles.
Preparation of Pile Head of Pilecap
After cutting off the excessive pile, excavate the soil surrounding of the pile about
300mm depth for preparation of pile cap.
Load Test
There are two kinds of load test for pile , those are axial loading test (with
minimum safety factor is 3) and lateral loading test. The purpose of load test is to
test the strength of the pile. A certain load will be putting on the pile for a certain
period. If the PC Pile is crack, which mean the PC Pile is failed to support the
load. If the PC Pile left for certain days without any crack, which mean the PC
Pile is strong enough to carry the load of the building. Normally load test will be
carried on before driving the pile to the ground. If the load test for the PC Pile is
failed, then the contractor has to supply another batch of PC Piles.
9.1.4 PC Pile Location

PC Pile shall be placed at the specified location points according to the specified
construction design.
9.1.5 Blow Count and Measurement
The total of blow count for each marked number at 25 cm and 50 cm interval shall be
noted in minimum 10 (ten) final set, penetration, rebound and the fall height of hammer
shall be noted and recorded.
The final set specified in the final piling criteria shall be reached minimum at the
requirement in PC Pile Driving Criteria.
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9.1.6 Cutting and Installation of Bearing Plate

The acceptable equipment and tools used to cut PC Pile - to prevent PC Pile from damage
during the cutting - shall attain approval from CLIENT.
9.2 PC PILE SPLICING

9.2.1 General Requirements
1. The detailed welding procedure as well record on qualification test for chief welder
shall be submitted by Contractor to CLIENT to attain written approval before
commencing the work.
2. The required welding position shall be in accordance with the provisions in 6G or 2G
and 5G. The welder assigned in this work shall meet the qualification under
ANSI/AWS D1.1 or ASME Chapter I (see sub-chapter 9.1(3)).
3. Alternatively, the welding procedures with supportive PQR (Procedure Qualification
Record) as well the record on qualification of welder certified under ASME Chapter IX
can be changed with sub-chapter 9.1 (2).
9.2.2 Welding
1. Welding connection for PC Pile shall be full penetration groove weld. When
connecting two PC Post, the end of PC Pile to be connected shall be aligned
accurately within the commercial tolerance with regard to its diameter, thickness and
outer cycle.
2. The welding connection end shall be in accordance with provisions of 3.2 ANSI/AWS
D1, after being brushed and grinding for cleaning possible scale, crust, rust, grease/oil
and other foreign agents.
3. Before conducting welding on the previous metal deposit, all crust shall be cleaned from
welding and the nearby base metal must be grinded to make the surface smooth and
further it will be brushed.
4. Welding shall not be allowed if the surface base used for welding is moist, wet due to
rain or in case of wind blow.
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5. Regarding SMAW (Shield Metal Arc Welding) processing, it shall use only electrode of
Low Hydrogen Type (AWS Class SFA 5.1, E7016 or 7018). Other welding material such
as of high cellulose type or illumenit type shall not be used.
6. Electrode of Low Hydrogen Type mentioned in section 9.2.(5) shall be dried in the oven
at temperature of 300C until 400C for 1 hour before being put to use. The drying
process shall not be executed more than twice.
7. After conducting drying as mentioned in Section 9.2.(6), the welder shall store the
electrode of Low Hydrogen type in a portable dryer at temperature of 100C until 150C
for preventing absorption of air moisture.
8. When welding is completed, it shall be inspected and examined to make sure that all
surface of concrete connection shall have been coated with coal tar epoxy coating or of
the equivalent.
9.2.3 Inspection
1. All welding output shall be visually inspected based on acceptance standard and
requirements in ANSI / AWS D1.1 Section 8.15 Quality of Weld & Section 3.6 Weld
Profile.
2. Welding shall not contain fracture, undercut of depth more than 0.8 mm, open surface
porosity, and shall not contain crust.
3. Conducting LPT (Liquid Penetrant Test) shall be done with the rate of 10% by
selecting location randomly, but can be changed depending on the performance of
welding product.
9.3 PC PILE DRIVING
1. The placement of PC Pile shall be as accurate as possible within the tolerated limits
in the location and piled to reach the specified position as shown in the drawing. The
piling equipment and PC Pile shall be maintained in its position accurately during
piling.
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2. Once starting with the pile driving of PC Pile, it shall be proceeded without stop, except
for connecting, until the piling of PC Pile is completed following the specified piling
criteria (section 13).
3. The pile driving criteria shall be evaluated and revised by CLIENT based on PC Pile
Drive data during early phases of pile driving and PC Pile load testing, then such
criteria shall be used as control for the next piling.
4. To prevent pole from freezing-up in the ground, the piling shall only be stopped for
minimum time necessary for connecting the PC Pile (approx. 30 minutes).
5. Pile driving shall done using fixed lead which will maintain PC Pile in its accurate
position and having accurate axial alignment by hammer.
6. During the pile driving, PC Pile end shall be protected with pads made of strong dry
wood. The type of pads shall be approved by CLIENT before being used.
7. If PC Pile cannot be penetrated any deeper, the pile driving shall be done carefully to
prevent PC Pile from damage due to excessive pile driving. Each penetration per one
blow shall not less than 2 mm or the total blow shall not exceed 2,000 blows.
8. Contractor shall report to CLIENT to specify the methods to be taken in case the
following situations occur:
Experiencing obstacle during PC Pile drive.
PC Pile cannot be penetrated any deeper where the elevation of end pole is less
than the specified depth.
The PC Pile drive criteria specified cannot be met due to the elevation of the end
specified.
9. Regarding PC Pile that enduring damage before cut-off elevation during piling or not
being piled within the tolerated limits as specified below, necessary actions shall
immediately be taken to repair PC Pile or taking other actions prior to CLIENT
approval.
10. When pile driving for PC Pile group, it shall be drived from the inside part towards
outside to prevent densification and burdened piling in the inside part.
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11. Re-driving is required if PC Pile lifted more than 25 mm to properly provide support
towards PC Pile end.
12. If the pile driving of PC Pile will cause hazardous interruption towards the surrounding
facility, structure, etc. Contractor shall report to CLIENT to attain approval before
starting the work.
13. Before starting the pile driving, if necessary, to make initial dig due to the following
hole, Contractor shall report to CLIENT to attain approval from starting the work:
To attain load service of particular design from PC Pile strength specified
previously in statistic calculation, therefore if clay is used, the diameter of initial
hole shall not bigger than 75% of the pile size and if sand is used, the diameter
of initial hole shall not bigger than 50% of the PC Pile section.
To attain the desired design length, the dig of initial hole shall be stopped at
minimum 3.0meter above the specified penetration level.
If necessary it is important to minimize displacement in the soft clay layer, and
tohandle part of PC Pile emerging to the surface due to volume displacement, the
diameter of initial hole to be drilled shall not bigger than 75% of the outside size
of pile and shall not smaller than 150 mm of the pile size.
Necessary benchmark survey needs to be undertaken after piling, if it ispredicted
that there would be any part of the pile emerging to the surface.
9.4 TOLERANCE
Limits tolerated in the PC Pile Drive are as follows:
1. PC Pile shall be piled according to the tolerated limits as follows:
For batter pile, maximum slope is 1 cm for every 100 cm of pile length along
longitude axis.
2. PC Pile shall be cut at specified elevation as shown in the technical drawing with
tolerance of +/- 12 mm.
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9.5 REPORTING
In logbook on piling, Contractor shall store the complete record for each PC Pile and shall
provide information mentioned below every day to CLIENT:
1. Time and date of work commencement / termination for every piling work.
2. Description on foundation, location, drawing number and PC Pile number (no double
PC Pile number).
3. Size and type of PC Pile.
4. Pile hammer used (model, size, weight)
5. Total of blow for every 25 cm and 50 cm and total of blow count.
6. Total blow, penetration, rebound and drop altitude of hammer for ten (10) finalset.
7. Elevation of ground surface.
8. Elevation of lower end of PC Pile if piling is completed.
9. Observation towards ground surface.
10. Cut off elevation.
11. PC Pile length existing.
12. Storing in center cut off level from its actual position.
13. Special remark if available.
9.6 PC PILE DRIVING CRITERIA
1. Pilling shall be done according to the criteria to be mentioned below:

Allowable capacity of PC Pile can be temporary calculated using Hiley formula as
follows:
WxH
a) Ru or
S 0.5 K
WxH W n 2Wp
b) Ru x
S K W Wp
whichever is the best output shall use the following formula:
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Ru N f
Ra
FS
where:
Ra = Provisional allowable pile capacity, (ton)
Ru = Provisional ultimate pile capacity, (ton)
Fs = Safety Factor (3.0 for hiley method)
H = Hammer height (cm), average for 10 final set
n = Restitution Coeficient (0,25 for concrete)
Wp = Pile weight (ton)
W = Weight of Hammer (ton)
S = Final set (cm), average for 10 final set
K = Rebound (cm), average for 10 final set
Nf = Negative skin friction, if avaible (ton)
This provisional driving criteria shall be have correction based on the result of PC
Pile loading test and PDA test (Pile Driving Analysis), of which the totality of PC
Pile section acceptable under PDA test shall not less than 75%.
2. Final Piling Criteria
PC Pile shall be piled according to the final piling criteria. The final piling criteria shall be specified
based on PC Pile loading test and PDA test (Pile Driving Analysis). Pile should be reanalysed
with the existing length.
3. Soil Investigation Analysis
The spun piles characteristic should be analyzed with accordance to soil investigation
result. The bearing value (from end bearing and skin friction) will be different in certain
soil condition.
10. BORED PILES

10.1 GENERAL
1. Before conducting the bored pile work, the contractor shall request approval of the
implementation of the contents of which is the bored pile position and length to
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CLIENT. Implementation of new job could starts if the agreement was approved by
CLIENT.
2. Although not listed in the design drawing, the Contractor shall prepare supporting
equipment to be able to finish this job. These helper tools shall be included within the
scope of work to be provided by the Contractor.
Proposed work plan should include:
a. List of equipment to be used as cranes, drills, augers, bailing buckets, final
cleaning equipment, slurry pumps, sampling equipments, termites or concrete
pumps, casing and others.
b. Details implementation method of bored pile work.
c. Detail method of drilling.
d. Mixing method of concrete, slurry supply and delivery if required.
e. Details of the cleaning methods of drilled hole
f. Details of rebar installation, including support installation and centralization
method in order to the rebar is able to be installed properly.
g. Details of concrete casting, curing and protection
h. Detail of pile test by CLIENTs request, and
i. Other information that is contained in plan drawing that are requested by the
CLIENT
3. Contractors must not start the work if the method of implementation has not been
approved in writing by CLIENT. The agreement does not absolve the Contractor from
responsibility for the results obtained by using the method of implementation that have
been approved in writing by CLIENT
4. Contractor is responsible for constructing the bored pile with number, size and
location as listed in the design foundation drawings made by the Engineer planners.
5. The depth of bored pile shall be done in accordance with soil investigation result.
Elevation of the holes base as shown in the design drawing should be adjusted during
construction period if CLIENT considers that soil layers founded at the time of drilling
was not appropriate or different from those anticipated at the time of planning. Thus,
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the Contractor with experts who has, shall determine the depth of bed rock precisely,
by inspecting the soil layers obtained during the drilling of each bored pile, in order
that preventing the bored pile sit on unsuitable soil layers. Contractor shall conduct
the bored pile so that it obtain a capacity required by the Engineer planners. In addition
to the soil data obtained from soil investigation, the Contractor should consider the
type of equipment and supported equipment / materials needed help to do this work,
as well as the estimated volume of concrete to be used. These things must be
included in the bid. The use of ready mix concrete is recommended.
6. The changes to the specifications and design drawings without the written consent of
CLIENT is not allowed.
10.2 CASTING THE BORED PILE

1. Contractor could begin to work after setting out result, implementation method, and
shop drawing had been approved and endorsed by CLIENT.
2. Contractor should prepare data collection form that its form and content should be
approved by the CLIENT. The form should be discussed the day before the work was
started in order to obtain a perfect record data.
3. The first stage is drilling. The contractor should prepare all the equipment that may be
needed for the work hence soil collapse in the hole could be avoided. Therefore
contractor is required to understand the type of soil in order not to fail at doing their
job. Drilling should be conducted by using a rotary drilling machine with buckets,
augers, and casing and / or bentonite or other assist devices such as chissel to
penetrate the hard layer if necessary, so that drilling can be done to reach the desired
depth. Before work was started, the configuration tools and implementation methods
have already obtained approval from the CLIENT.
4. Casing should be made from metal, smooth, clean and waterproof, and have sufficient
strength to withstand handling and driving stress and concrete pressure and soil
pressure. Outside diameter of casing should not be smaller than the size of the bored
pile.
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5. Temporary casing should be removed when the concrete is still muddy. Generally the
removal of temporary casing will not start until the casting of concrete reaches or is
above the soil surface. Pulling out casing can be done by rotating, pushing down and
knocking on the outside casing with a hammer or vibrating. Pulling out casing should
be done slowly with a uniform velocity in the direction of the axis of the bored pile.
6. Lower end of the casing should always be below the surface of the concrete with
sufficient head to overcome the hydrostatic pressure from ground water or water
drilling in the outer casing.
7. Drilling should be done to reach the depth specified by Engineer planners. In case of
doubt, such as soil type does not match the soil investigation report, or have not seen
hard soil at a depth that is determined, then the Contractor shall report the matter to
the Engineer for further evaluation.
All the holes shall be inspected, if diameter of hole base less than half of specified
diameter, the work shall be rejected.
8. Type of soil or rock from drilled hole should be recorded in the piling records that
contain such as (but are not limited to):
- Location and numbering drill point
- The size of the drilled hole.
- Upper elevation of the drilled hole and the base + groundwater elevation.
- Type of soil in each depth.
- Length of casing.
- Duration of the implementation and execution of each stages.
- Vertical and lateral shifting, including straightness of the hole.
9. Contractor also should record soil classification from different depth and any obstacles
that occur during drilling. Soil types from different depths should be stored well, so if
needed can be taken in a state close to its original condition.
10. The second stage is cleaning the hole from dirt / sediment in the form of broken rocks,
and mud. This work must be done absolutely by the Contractor because of dirt and
mud can affect the bearing capacity and behaviour of the bored pile. Cleaning should
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be done with a special cleaning tool (cleaning bucket) with a size appropriate to the
drill hole. To ensure that the hole is clean, contractor should measure total length of
the hole then before and after cleaning, by using a drill hole measuring tape. Cleaning
could be stopped only after obtaining written approval from CLIENT. Period of
cleaning and depth of the drill hole after cleaning done should be recorded.
11. Bottom of drill hole should be cleaned so that at least 50% of the drill hole bottom has
a thick sediment with less than 10 mm and there should be no sediment thickness
exceeds 30 mm.
12. The third stage is the setting / rebars installation with confession, spacers, centralizer
and other tools needed. Spacer must be installed on any appropriate intervals smaller
than 1.5 m to ensure straightness within the framework of rebar in bored hole.
13. Number of rebar and its length should be made in accordance with the design
drawings. The rebar should be already ready to install in the drill hole after the
cleaning job has done. If it was not yet ready then the drill hole cleaning work should
be re conducted until it is ready to be installed. If necessary, the rebar should be
connected with overlay connection. Length of overlay connection, if it is not mentioned
specifically in the drawing, should be taken at least 40 times the diameter of the largest
rebar diameter. If it is not mentioned specifically in the drawing, the concrete covers
must be made at least 70 mm.
14. Rebar should be tied and supported so that the deformation that occurs is still within
the limits until the concrete hardens and can support the rebar.
15. After rebar has been installed then Contractor should re measure the drilled hole
under supervision by CLIENT. If depth of the hole is re ducted compared with the drill
hole depth during the cleaning done, then the rebar should be reissued and the hole
should be re cleaned. It is not allowed to continue further stage before this stage is
approved in writing by the CLIENT.
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16. The fourth stage is casting the concrete into the drilled hole. Concrete to be used had
to be ready in the workplace, at the time of cleaning was done, so the casting can be
done immediately after the rebar installation has been approved by CLIENT. This
casting should be done continuously until finish. It is not allowed to delay this casting
job.
17. Contractor should prepare a tremie pipe with the appropriate diameter for casting
work. Bottom tip of the tremie should be set to always be below the concrete surface
at least as deep as 1.0 meters. This can be monitored by estimating the volume of
concrete that have been casted. Also it is should be concerned that the mud (if it still
left in the bottom of the hole) not to get stuck in the bottom of the hole. Casting must
be done so that the end of the casting must be at least 1.0 meters above the cut-off
level (COL) and concrete with a good quality seen at the head pile, unless determined
otherwise by the Engineer.
18. In order that the rebar would not be raised, then the rebar should be supported by
temporary retainer during casting.
19. Concrete casting period should not exceed then 2 hours and the concrete mix should
be planned so that it is still muddy in the 2-hour period.
20. Concrete shall be placed as quickly as possible after boring where ground is liable to
deteriorate on exposure. If final cut-off level is below groundwater level, pressure shall
be maintained on the unset concrete, equal to or greater than the groundwater
pressure, until the concrete is fully set.
21. If it is found difficult underground conditions such as there is a hole in the ground, then
the Contractor should propose a plan to overcome this, for example by using grouting
materials or permanent casing.
22. There is one important thing to note in the implementation of bored pile work, that is
when the first stage has begun then the work to be completed until the final stage and
delay between the stages of work is not allowed.
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23. The fifth stage is cutting head of bored pile. The head should be cut to reach the Pile
Cut-off Level (POC). What should be noted is that the bored pile must have a higher
level of rebar than POC, which otherwise stated clearly in the drawing, must be
provided a minimum of 40 x diameter of rebar. Cutting head of the bored pile should
be performed very carefuly; hence the concrete surface at POC has remained good
quality.
24. If there is some mistake in cutting head of the bored pile, hence the level of the head
is under COL, Contractor should repair the concrete surface becomes so at COL. One
way is to do recasting with same quality of concrete, and Contractor should propose
repairment method to CLIENT. Any consequences of this mistake are responsibility
of Contractor.
25. If other errors occur, Contractor should inform it to CLIENT, to discuss its solution.
Any consequences arising from such errors are responsibility of the Contractor.
26. Last stage is to conduct measurements on the bored pile that was made. The results
of measurements must be reported to CLIENT in the form of As Built Drawing (ABD).
ABD has to be made by the Contractor and approved by CLIENT.
27. Prior to concreting, all the water inside the hole shall be pumped out. Casing shall be
vibrated in time of pulling out to avoid concrete sticking to the casing wall. No
concreting or reinforcement steel erection shall be carried out without permission by
CLIENT.
10.3 POSITION TOLERANCE OF BORED PILE

1. To ensure that the bored pile work is conducted in accordance with planned location,
then them is a given tolerance both straightness and position. If the execution was
such that a deviation occurs is greater than the permitted tolerance, then the bored
pile means is not qualified and should be replaced with a new one, with the location
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specified by Engineer. All costs incurred for additional bored pile and enlargement of
pile cap, beam, etc is responsibility of Contractor. The given tolerance is as follows:
Vertical straightness tolerance, limited to a maximum 1 : 200, but in any case not
greater than 10 cm.
2. Especially for single-bored pile, this tolerance should be considered thoroughly,
because the deviation outside the specified tolerances should be replaced with 2
bored piles that can be in a smaller diameter, but has a total bearing capacity of the
same with the single bored pile, or determined in accordance with Engineer.
10.4 SHOP DRAWING AND WORK SEQUENCE OF BORED PILE DEVELOPMENT
1. Before bored pile work was started, Contractor should make shop drawings included
reference number of all proposed bored pile and their sequence of installation plan
and should get an approval by CLIENT. The shop drawing that has been approved
should be copied and submitted to CLIENT for supervision.
2. As a suggestion, it is recommended that the reference number was easily to track.
3. The order of implementation should be well organized, hence there would not be any
trouble at the end of implementation, such as the location of the last proposed bored
pile could not be reached by concrete vehicle because the sequence is not well
planned.
10.5 RESIDUAL MATERIAL

Excavated material come up from the bored hole and cutting work of the head should be
removed from employment area. If according to CLIENT those material would be disrupt
the smoothness of work sequences, then the material should be discarded soon although
the bored pile work remained unfinished yet.
10.6 BACKFILLING
Contractor should backfill with fill material any hole left by drilling work immediately after
measurement of bored pile position has conducted, if POC (Pile Cut-off) was far below the
Ground Level (GL). Bored hole should be backfilled with soil material up to reached
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sufficient density at GL to prevent accidents. This work should be included to Contractors

scope of work.
10.7 TRIMMING THE REBAR

If cutting the pile head is included in the Contractors scope of work, then after the cutting
work has finished, Contractor should trim, clean and straighten all rebar of the bored pile
hence it was anchored perfectly into the pile cap.
10.8 RECORDING DATA OF THE BORED PILE

Contractor should make a regular data recording from each bored piles and provide a copy
in accordance with the agreement with CLIENT. The data should be submitted to CLIENT
at time that has been agreed. The data should be included piling records.
11. SHEET PILES

11.1 General
Generally the requirements governing the installation of bearing piles shall apply to sheet
piles. The type of pile to be used shall be as indicated on the Drawings or as directed by
CLIENT.
11.2 Materials
The sources of supply of materials shall not be changed until the Contractor has
demonstrated that materials from the new source can meet all the requirements of the
specification. Materials failing to comply with specification shall be removed promptly from
the site.
11.3 Concrete Sheet Piles

Concrete sheet pile walls shall be constructed in accordance with the Drawings.These
concrete piles are precast sheets 6 to 12 inches deep, 30 to 48 inches wide, and provided
with tongue-and-groove or grouted joints. The grouted-type joint is cleaned and grouted
after driving to provide a reasonably watertight wall. A bevel across the pile bottom, in the
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direction of pile progress, forces one pile against the other during installation. Concrete
sheet piles are usually pre stressed to facilitate handling and driving. Special corner and
angle sections are typically made from reinforced concrete due to the limited number
required. For concrete Sheet pile material shall follow the following requirement:
1. The materials used in the concrete mixtures shall include Type I or Type II cement,
pozzolan, fine and coarse aggregates, and air-entraining admixture.
2. Samples of freshly mixed concrete from at least three separate batches for each
condition of concrete shall be tested in accordance with the slump, air content, time
of setting, and water content tests.
3. Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand, manufactured sand, or a combination
thereof fine aggregate shall be free of injurious amounts of organic impurities.
4. Fine aggregate for use in concrete that will be subject to wetting, extended exposure
to humid atmosphere, or contact with moist ground shall not contain any materials
that are deleteriously reactive with the alkalis in the cement in amount sufficient to
cause excessive expansion of mortar or concrete.
5. The sampling and test methods shall be done with grading and fineness modulus test,
organic impurities test, effect of organic impurities on strength test, soundness test,
clay lumps and friable particles test, coal and lignite test, bulk density of slag test,
abrasion of coarse aggregate test, reactive aggregate test, freezing and thawing test,
and chart test method.
11.4 Timber Sheet Piles

Timber piles shall be of the dimensions shown on the Drawings either cut from the solid
material or made by building up the piles of three planks securely fastened together. The
piles shall be drift sharpened at their lower ends so as to wedge adjacent piles tightly
together. The tops of the piles shall be cut off to a straight line at the elevation indicated
and shall be braced with walling strips, properly lapped and jointed at all splices and
corners.
The interlocking systems devised for timber or concrete sheet piling have been based on
the tongue and groove concept. This method serves to keep the wall aligned while
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providing a longer path against infiltration with more potential contact points than a simple
butt joint. The efficiency of such joints depends on good installation practice but the long-
term effectiveness is often in jeopardy due to impact from waves or from settlement. The
development of filter cloth membrane material for the lining the backside of these walls
has reduced the need for more positive interlocks on walls made of these products.
11.5 Steel Sheet Piles

Steel sheet piles are long structural sections with interlocking connections, driven into the
ground with impact or vibratory hammers to form an impermeable barrier.Steel sheet piles
shall fulfil the following requirements:
1. Steel sheet piling shall meet the requirements of ASTM A328 (Grade 50)
2. Steel sheet pile required for project shall be the type and weight shown on drawing
3. The piles, when in place in the completed structure, shall be practically watertight at
joints
4. The interlocks between steel sheet pile section shall be configured such that the
average width of annular space between all contact points of interlock shall be a
maximum of one-eighth (1/8) inch, as determined by CLIENT
5. Steel sheet piles and interlocks shall not have excessive kinks, camber or twist that
would prevent the pile from reasonably free sliding to grade.
6. All fabricated connections shall be made with the use of angles or bent plates, as
necessary, and shall be adequately welded or connected with high strength bolts as
accepted by CLIENT
7. Handling Holes:
If handling holes are provided, they shall be two (2) standard two and nine
sixteenth (2-9/16) inch diameter handling holes located six (6) inches from one
end.
The holes shall be plugged by welding a piece of steel over the hole prior to install
any riprap, backfill or drop structure cap.
The plated hole shall be watertight.
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11.6 Pile Handling
When assembling piles before pitching the Contractor shall ensure that the interlocks are
clean and free from distortion. All storage, handling, transporting and pitching of piles shall
be carried out in such a way that no significant damage occurs to piles and their coatings.
11.7 Pile Driving Methods

There are three popular driving methods employed when using sheet piles.
1. Panel Driving
Sheet piles should be installed using the panel driving technique in order to ensure
that good verticality and alignment is achieved and to minimize the risk of driving
difficulties or de-clutching problems. The purpose of utilizing panel driving is to ensure
that the sheet piles are arranged properly and driven to the ground with accuracy in
terms of alignment. This method is best for stiff soils or dense, sandy soil.
This technique also enables greater control to be maintained on the nominal wall
length.
Because a whole panel of piles has been pitched there is no need to drive all piles
fully to maintain piling operations; if obstructions are encountered, individual piles can
be left high without fear of disruption to the overall efficiency.
2. Staggered Driving
This method is best employed for the most difficult conditions and may require the
same technique involved in panel driving. The sheet piles are installed between guide
frames and then driven in pairs of alternate numbers. This method is best for tough
surfaces such as those dominated by gravel, rock or highly dense sand.
3. Pitch and Drive
This method, where each sheet pile is driven to full depth before pitching the next one,
is the simplest way of driving but can be practiced only for loose soils and short piles.
The free leading interlock is constantly in danger of deviation. For dense sands and
stiff cohesive soils or in the case of possible obstructions, panel driving is
recommended.
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11.8 Pile Installation and Driving
The Contractor should satisfy himself that the sheet piles can be installed adequately to
the correct depths through the reported or anticipated soil conditions. CLIENT shall be
notified 24 hours before the commencement of driving.
The piles shall be guided and held in position by temporary gates with each pile properly
interlocked with neighbour. Piles shall not by-pass one another in place of interlocking.
Where sheet piles are driven in panles, the end piles to each panel shall be driven in
advance of the general run of piles. After allowing for initial penetration, no pile in the panel
shall be driven to an excessive lead in comparison with the toe level of the panel in general
and where hard driving in encountered this lead should not exceed 1 m.
At all stages during driving the free length of the sheet pile shall be adequately supported
and restrained. The contractor shall ensure that the sheet panels are driven without
significant damage or declutching.
The selection of driving and contracting plant shall be made having due regard to the
ground conditions and pile type. The sheet piles shall be driven to the specified level and/or
resistance or if hard driving is experienced, to practical refusal (which shall be defined as
when the rate of penetration is below 100 mm per minute when hammering continuously
or 12 blows per 25 mm movement when using the appropriate equipment), or when visible
damage to the pile head occurs. If the piles have not penetrated to the levels specified in
the particular specification, or have encountered obstructions, the Contractor shall submit
details as to how he will overcome the problem.
If required in the particular specification, the contractor shall install the sheet piles using a
vibrationless jacking system.
Pile driving hammers shall be correctly positioned on the pile so that the hammer will
aligned as near to the axis of the pile as is practically possible. Freely suspended piling
hammers shall be equiped with correctly adjusted leg guides and insrts. Where a hammer
is mounted in a rigid leader, the leader shall be stable. The anvil block or driving plate shall
be of sufficient size to cover as much as possible of the cross-section of pile.
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The Contractor may provide each pile in more than one length. Spliced joints shall be
designed to cater for the combined effects of bearing, shear and bendling stresses
imposed upon the sheet piles. Splices shall be located to avoid maximum stress possitions.
If splices are to be welded, then these shall be designed in accordance with guidelines
given. Weld metal shall not encroach within the interlock areas so as not to interfere with
the interlocking of the piles.
12. TEST PILE

12.1 General
The test pile shall be done in accordance with the requirements specified in this
specification. The contractor shall prepare all equipment neccessary to perform test pile,
including the preparation of all things related to work, such as permits, securing locations
around the point of testing and others. All the personnel involved on this test should have
experienced, so that work can be done well. Test pile is using unused pile and pile that are
tested shall be at least 0,5% from all built piles.
12.2 Static Load Test

This test has three primary objectives:
To establish load-deflection relationships in the pile-soil system,
To determine capacity of the pile-soil system, and
To determine load distribution in the pile-soil system.
a. Types of Reaction Load
Apply the load to the pile by jacking against a reaction with one or more hydraulic jacks. The
reaction is provided by one of the following methods:
Reaction Frame.
Install two or more reaction piles, or anchors, for the reaction frame (Fig. 3) after
the installation of the test pile. For driven piles, locate these reaction piles not less
than 10 ft. (3 m) or the sum of 5 reaction pile diameters and 5 test pile diameters
(whichever of the two criteria is the greater distance) from the test pile or
reference beam supports. For drilled shafts or micropiles, locate these reaction
piles not less than 10 ft. (3 m) or 5 reaction pile diameters (whichever of the two
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criteria is the greater distance) from the test pile or reference beam supports.
These distances are measured between the faces of the test pile and reaction
piles. Anchors, if used, must be designed with sufficient free length so as not to
interfere with the load test pile or the reference system.
Design the reaction frame and reaction piles to resist four times the pile design
loadindicated in the contract documents without undergoing a magnitude of
deflection exceeding 75 percent of maximum travel of the jack.
Figure 3 Typical Setup for a Reaction Frame
Weighted Box or Platform.

Construct a weighted box or platform (Fig. 4) over the test pile, supported on
cribbing or on other piles installed after the test pile.
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(i) Cribbing Support

For driven piles, drilled shafts or micropiles, locate the nearest face of the cribbing
support not less than 10 ft. (3 m) or 5 test pile diameters (whichever of the two criteria
is the greater distance) from the test pile or reference beam supports. Measure these
distances between the test pile face and the nearest face of the cribbing supports. A
greater spacing between the cribbing supports and test pile or reference system may
be required to prevent foundation stresses caused by the cribbing from affecting the
test.
(ii) Pile Support
For driven piles, locate these support piles not less than 10 ft. (3 m) or the sum of 5
support pile diameters and 5 test pile diameters (whichever of the two criteria is the
greater distance) from the test pile or reference beam supports. For drilled shafts or
micropiles, locate these support piles not less than 10 ft. (3 m) or 5 reaction pile
diameters (whichever of the two criteria is the greater distance) from the test pile or
reference beam supports. Measure these distances between the test pile face and
the nearest face of the pile supports.
Design the load beam and transfer beam to resist four times the pile design load
indicated in the contract documents, without undergoing a magnitude of deflection
exceeding 75 percent of maximum travel of the jack. Load the weighted box or
platform with earth, sand, concrete, water, pig iron, or other suitable material to obtain
a total weight of at least four times the pile design load indicated in the contract
documents.
The load beam for a reaction frame may bear on the load transfer beam with no
connections. The load beam may need stiffeners at the points of bearing. The beam
may need truss work, not shown in the figure, to prevent excessive bending and
resulting ram extension in excess of the seventy-five percent (75%) of the maximum
travel of the jack.
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The pressure intensity exerted on the ground surface from any cribbing must not
exceed the bearing capacity of the soil or cause settlement of the test pile and/or
measurement system.
Design the load beam and transfer beam to resist four times the pile design load
indicated in the contract documents, without undergoing a magnitude of deflection
exceeding 75 percent of maximum travel of the jack. Load the weighted box or
platform with earth, sand, concrete, water, pig iron, or other suitable material to obtain
a total weight of at least four times the pile design load indicated in the contract
documents.
The load beam for a reaction frame may bear on the load transfer beam with no
connections. The load beam may need stiffeners at the points of bearing. The beam
may need truss work, not shown in the figure, to prevent excessive bending and
resulting ram extension in excess of the seventy-five percent (75%) of the maximum
travel of the jack.
The pressure intensity exerted on the ground surface from any cribbing must not
exceed the bearing capacity of the soil or cause settlement of the test pile and/or
measurement system.
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Figure 4 Typical Setup for A Weighted Box or Platform
b. Load Application System

Apply load with one more hydraulic jacks, having a capacity of at least four times the
pile design load indicated in the contract documents. Use jacks with a minimumtravel
of 6 in. (150 mm), but not less than 25 percent of the test piles maximum cross-section
dimension. Equip the jack(s) with spherical bearing plates, to bear firmly and
concentrically against the pile bearing plate and load-beam bearing plate. Use an
automatic load-maintaining pump with manual supplement to control load application.
Use a pressure gage for the jack so that the pressure reading corresponding to the pile
design load indicated in the contract documents is between one-fourth and one-third
of maximum gage pressure. Place a load cell as shown in Figures 3 and 4 to measure
strains for load monitoring during the load test. Arrange and construct the elements of
the load-application system as follows:
Cut off the pile butt and cap it to provide a level bearing surface perpendicular tothe
pile axis. Use a steel plate for H-piles and empty cast-in-place piles, or a neat
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cement paste for concrete piles, timber piles, micropiles, drilled shafts or cast-in-
place piles filled with concrete.
To distribute load over the pile=s entire cross-section, place a solid steel billet of
sufficient thickness (1 in. (25 mm) minimum) to prevent bending as a bearing plate
between the capped pile and the jack base. The size of the solid steel billet shall
be not less than the size of the pile butt or less than the area covered by the jack
base.
Place the load application system (including hydraulic jack, spherical bearing
andload cell) between the bearing plate on the pile and the centre of the underside
of the load beam.
To distribute load over the entire width of the load beam, place another solid steel
billet of sufficient thickness (1 in. (25 mm) minimum) as a bearing plate between
the load beam and the load application system.
Construct the system so that all components are centred along the pile's
longitudinal axis, to ensure application of a concentric axial load.
Immediately before starting a load test, verify that at least 1 in. (25 mm) of clear
space exists between the upper bearing plate and load beam, or the upper bearing
plate and load application system.
c. Measuring Apparatus and Site Protection

Provide apparatus for measuring deflection consisting of a primary system, at least
one auxiliary system, and a network of settlement reference points. Establish two fixed
independent benchmarks at least 50 ft. (15 m) from the test site to monitor the
settlement reference points. If desired, the auxiliary system may also be referenced to
these benchmarks. Clearly identify all measuring devices, scales, and reference points
with numbers or letters to ensure accurate data recording.
Primary Systemfor Measuring Devices (Figures 5 & 6)
Provide one of these primary instrument packages to monitor movement of the pile
top:
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- Three linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) and a readout unit. Use
DC/DC-type displacement transducers having at least 6 in. (150 mm) of travel
and a linearity of 0.5 percent or less. Supply a readout unit having a minimum
display of 3-1/2 digits, capable of monitoring output from at least three DC/DC-
type LVDTs.
- Three dial gages having at least 2 in. (50 mm) of travel, an adequate number
of suitable gage blocks to increase the travel to at least an additional 4 in. (100
mm), and a precision of 30 m.
Align the measuring devices parallel to the longitudinal axis of the test pile and the
axis of load application. Attach the devices to a simply supported reference beam,
completely independent of the test pile and loading apparatus. Ensure the load
application system will not interfere with any measuring devices during any part of
the test. For driven piles, embed the reference beam supports at least 10 ft. (3 m)
into the ground, at a horizontal distance of not less than 10 ft. (3 m), 5 reaction pile
diameters, or 5 test pile diameters (whichever of theses is the greater distance)
from the closest face of the test pile and from any reaction piles or supports for the
weighted box or platform. For drilled shafts or micropiles, embed the reference
beam supports at least 10 ft. (3 m) into the ground, at a horizontal distance of not
less than 10 ft. (3 m) or 5 pile diameters (whichever of the two criteria is the greater
distance) from the closest face of the test pile and from any reaction piles or
supports for the weighted box or platform.
Maintain a clear distance of 6 in. to 12 in. (150 mm to 300 mm) from the test pile
to the reference beam or any projection used to support a dial. The beam and
projections should be at about the same elevation as the attachments to the pile
on which the measuring devices will bear.
Attach the dial gage supports to the reference beam so as to allow the stem of
each device to rest on an attachment to the pile sides. To mount hardware and pile
attachments for LVDT devices use materials, such as brass, aluminium, or 303
Series stainless steel, to avoid magnetic interference with the instruments. The pile
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attachments are angles, about 3 in. x 4 in. (75mm x 100 mm) with the 4 in. (100
mm) dimension projecting from the pile. For round piles, place these attachments
on the perimeter of the pile at a 120o spacing and an equal radial distance. For
piles of other cross-section, place the attachments at convenient locations as
approved by the CLIENT.
Surfaces on which the gage stems bear should have a smooth finish, such as glass
or sheet acrylic, attached by an epoxy or other suitable material approved by the
CLIENT.
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Figure 5 Typical Setup for Measuring System

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Figure 6 Measuring Device

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d. Pile and Static Pile Load Test Criterion

Pile failure criteria
Pile failure is identified by a failure load. The failure load is defined as that load at
which:
- The load vs. gross deflection curve reaches a slope of 1/32 per kip of applied
load (0.15 mm per kN of applied load), or
- Criteria specified in the contract documents.
In addition, for driven piles only:
- Top deflection equal to B/60 + PL/AE, where:
B is the pile diameter or width (in. (mm)),
P is load (kips (kN)),
L is length (in. (mm)),
A is cross-section (in2 (mm2)), and
E is modulus of elasticity (ksi (GPa)).
Static pile load test acceptance criteria
The acceptance of a Static Pile Load Test will be based on the following:
1). The pile was installed in accordance with its respective specification,
2). The pile was tested in accordance with the test procedures contained in this
manual,
3). Telltale readings validate that no load was transferred to the soil in the bond
breaker length (when a bond breaker is specified),
4). The acceptable test pile meets any other criteria indicated in the contract
documents, and
For Contractor designed micropiles, acceptance of a Static Pile Load Test also requires
that the micropiles was loaded and unloaded successfully to a minimum of two times
the micropiles design load without attaining the failure criteria.
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e. Procedure for The Incremental Static Load Test

Perform one or more incremental static load tests, as specified in the contract
documents, to determine load-deflection relationships and load distribution.
Test procedure:
Load and unload the test pile incrementally in three cycles, unless an alternative
procedure is specified in the contract documents. Apply each load increment to the
pile in as short a period as physically possible. The maximum load applied is twice
the pile design load indicated in the contract documents unless failure. Failure
Criteria, occurs first. The required load increments are expressed as a percentage
of the pile design load indicated in the contract documents. Magnitude and
sequence of load increments for the three loading cycles are as follows:
Table 12.1 Design Load Cycle for Static Load Test
Cycle Percent of Maximum Design Load
1 0, 50, 100, 50, 0
2 0, 50, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 150, 100, 50, 0
3 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 (24-hr hold), 150, 100, 50, 0
Maintain each load increment until the deflection rate under the applied load, or
rate of rebound from the previous load increment, is less than 50 m in 15 minutes.
The minimum period for maintaining a load increment, however, is 30 minutes and
an increment may be removed after having been maintained for 2 hours,
regardless of rate of deflection or rebound. When 200 percent of the design load
has been applied during Cycle 3, provided the pile has not failed, leave this load in
place for 24 hours. When the pile has rebounded to zero load at the end of Cycle
3, maintain zero load at least 1 hour. Maintain each load constant and note any
adjustments to the jack in the "Remarks" column on the Time-Settlement Data
Sheet.
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If the pile fails before application of the 300-percent load, rebound it to zero load
as specified in the table above. CLIENT will immediately notify the D.C.E.S. and
give all pertinent details of the load test. The D.C.E.S. will notify CLIENT within one
working day whether Cycle 3 is required, and to what maximum load the pile is to
be reloaded for Cycle 3 of the loading sequence. The D.C.E.S. will notify CLIENT
within two days as to the need for an additional load test if Cycle 3 of the loading
procedure is cancelled.
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Figure 7 a Typical of Cycle Load (in kN) vs Settlement (in millimetres) during Load Test
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Figure 7b Typical of Cycle Load Increment (in kN) vs Settlement (in milimeters) for static loading
test
The capacity of the test piles was selected as the greater capacity defined by two
failure criteria. The first criteria establishes the allowable design capacity as "50
percent of the applied test load which results in a net settlement of the top of the
pile of up to 1.3 cm, after rebound, for a minimum of one hour at zero load." The
second criterion uses Davisson's criteria as described below.
The Davisson offset limit load criterion was used on the project to define the
ultimate capacity, or failure, of the test piles.(52) The ultimate load is interpreted
as the point at which the displacement of the pile head meets a limit that is offset
to the elastic compression line of the pile. For piles less than 61 cm in diameter,
the limit is defined by the following linear relationship:
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S f S e 0.38 0.008D
where,
Sf= Movement of pile top (cm).
D = Pile diameter or width (cm).
Se = Elastic compression of total pile length (cm).
The elastic compression in this case refers to the pile deflection that would occur if 100
percent of the applied load was transferred to the toe of the pile (i.e., zero shaft friction),
and is given by the following equation:
QL
Se (2)
AE
where,
Q = Applied load.
L = Total length of pile.
A = Cross-sectional area of the pile.
E = Modulus of elasticity of the pile.
The average load in the pile at the midpoint between two telltale locations was estimated
from the elastic shortening of the pile using the following equation:
D1 D2
Qavg AE (3)
L
where,
A = Area of pile.
E = Modulus of elasticity of the pile.
D1 = Deflection at upper telltale location.
D2 = Deflection at lower telltale location.
L = Distance between the upper and lower telltale locations.
Both equations 2 and 3 require the modulus of elasticity of the pile. The
specifications require that the elastic modulus be determined via compression tests
performed on representative concrete samples (ASTM C 469-87a). However, this
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method is not really applicable to the concrete-filled steel pipe piles. It was common
practice on the CA/T project to use the upper telltale and pile head deflections to
calculate the modulus of the pile using equation 3. This approach was justified by
assuming that any pre-augering that was performed prior to pile installation would
reduce the shaft friction, especially near the pile head. In some cases, the elastic
modulus of the PPC piles was determined from a combination of telltale and
compression test data.
12.3 PDA Test

a. General
This special provision governs driving piles with a pile driving analyzer (PDA) in
accordance with the plans and as directed by the CLIENT. The PDA test method is
described in ASTM D4945, Standard Test Method for High-Strain Dynamic Testing of
Piles. Install piles in accordance with Section 450 of the Standard Specifications and
this provision. The test shall be conducted for at least 10% of total piles point in plant
area.
Submit the proposed pile driving methods and equipment (Pile Driving Equipment Data
Form) in accordance with the Submittal of Working Drawings Special Provision and the
Standard Specifications. CLIENT will respond with preliminary approval or rejection of
the proposed pile driving methods and equipment within 10 calendar days. Preliminary
approval is required before driving piles with a PDA. Notify CLIENT of the pile driving
schedule a minimum of 14 calendar days in advance.
Either a PDA Consultant or the NCDOT Geotechnical Engineering Unit, as directed by
CLIENT, shall perform PDA testing and analysis. If required, retain a PDA Consultant
and submit experience documentation with the proposed pile driving methods and
equipment.
The Contractor will determine the number of piles and which piles to be tested with the
PDA based upon the subsurface conditions and the pile installation sequence and
progress.
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Sheet Piles
CLIENT will complete the review of the proposed pile driving methods and equipment
and provide the required driving resistance within 10 calendar days after CLIENT
receives the PDA report or the Geotechnical Engineering Unit completes the PDA
testing. A PDA report for PDA testing on multiple piles may be required as directed by
CLIENT before the 10 day time period begins.
b. Prequalification and Experience Requirements

Use a PDA Consultant prequalified by the Contractual Services Unit of the Department
for Pile Driving Analyzer work (work code 3060).
Submit documentation that the PDA Consultant has successfully completed at least 5
PDA testing projects within the last 3 years of a scope and complexity similar to that
anticipated for this project. Documentation should include the General Contractor and
Owners name and current contact information with descriptions of each past project.
Also, submit documentation of experience with PDA manufactured by Pile Dynamics,
Inc and the Case Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP).
Provide a list of PDA Operators and the contractor that will be assigned to this project.
Submit documentation for each PDA Operator verifying employment with the PDA
Consultant and a minimum of 1 year experience in collecting PDA data with past
projects of scope and complexity similar to that anticipated for this project. Submit
documentation for CLIENT verifying employment with the PDA Consultant, a minimum
of 5 years experience in PDA testing and analysis with past projects of scope and
complexity similar to that anticipated for this project. Documentation should include
resumes, references, certifications, project lists, experience descriptions and details,
etc.
c. Preparation for PDA Testing

Provide piles for PDA testing that are 5 ft (1.5 m) longer, or as directed by CLIENT,
than the estimated pile lengths shown on the plans. Supply 110 V, 60 Hz, 30 Amp of
AC electrical power to operate the PDA equipment. Direct current welders or non-
constant power sources are unacceptable.
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Sheet Piles
Provide a suitable shelter to protect the PDA equipment and operator from conditions
of sun, water, wind and temperature. The shelter should have a minimum floor size of
6 ft x 6 ft (2 m x 2 m) and a minimum roof height of 8 ft (2.5 m). If necessary, heat or
cool the shelter to maintain a temperature between 50 and 85 degrees F (10 and 30
degrees C). Place the shelter within 75 ft (23 m) of the pile such that the PDA cables
reach the computer and the operator can clearly observe the pile. The Contractor may
waive the shelter requirement if weather conditions allow.
Drill up to a total of 16 bolt holes in either 2 or 4 sides of the pile, as directed by the
PDA Consultant or the Contractor, at an approximate distance equal to 3 times the pile
diameter below the head of the pile. If the PDA Consultant or the Contractor choose
to drill the bolt holes, provide the necessary equipment, tools and assistance to do so.
A hammer drill is required for concrete piles and up to 2 hours may be required to drill
the holes.
Lift, align and rotate the pile to be tested with the PDA as directed by the PDA
Consultant or the Contractor.Place the pile in the leads and template so that the PDA
instruments and their accompanying wires will not be damaged.
The PDA Consultant or the Contractor will furnish the PDA measuring instruments and
materials for installing the instruments. Attach the PDA instruments as directed by the
PDA Consultant or the Contractor after the pile is placed in the leads and the template.
d. PDA Testing
Use only the preliminarily approved pile driving methods and equipment to drive piles
with the PDA instruments attached. Drive the pile as directed by the PDA Operator or
the Contractor in order to measure the wave speed of the pile.
Drive the pile to the required bearing capacity and specified tip elevation, if applicable,
as shown on the plans or as directed by the PDA Consultant or the Contractor.During
pile driving, the PDA will be used to evaluate, including but not limited to, the following:
hammer performance, bearing capacity, distribution of soil resistance, pile driving
stresses, energy transfer, pile integrity and various soil parameters such as quake and
damping.
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Sheet Piles
The PDA Operator or the Contractor may require the Contractor to modify the pile
installation procedure during driving as follows:
Reduce the hammer energy,
Drive deeper or shallower because of variations in the subsurface conditions,
Readjust the transducers, andRealign the pile.
The Contractor is responsible in terms of both actual expense and time delays for any
damage to the PDA instruments and supporting equipment due to the Contractors fault
or negligence.Replace any damaged equipment at no additional cost to the
Department.
e. Redriving Piles
When directed by the Contractor, reattach the PDA instruments and restrike or redrive
the pile in accordance with Section 4.0 above and Section 450 of the Standard
Specifications. Obtain the required stroke and penetration (at least 6 in or 150 mm) or
as directed by the PDA Operator or the Contractor. The PDA Operator or the
Contractor will record dynamic measurements during restriking and redriving. The
Contractor may require restriking and redriving more than once on the same pile. The
Contractor will determine when PDA testing has been satisfactorily completed.
f. CAPWAP Analysis and PDA Report
The PDA Consultant shall perform analysis of the PDA raw data with the CAPWAP
(version 2006 or later). At a minimum, analysis is required for a hammer blow near the
end of initial drive and for each restrike and redrive. Additional CAPWAP analysis may
be required as determined by the PDA Consultant or the Contractor.
Submit three hard copies and an electronic copy (pdf or jpeg format on CD or DVD) of
a PDA report sealed by CLIENT within 7 calendar days after field testing is complete.
The PDA report shall include but not be limited to the following:
Title Sheet
NCDOT TIP number and WBS element number
Project description
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Sheet Piles
County
Bridge station number
Pile location
Personnel
Report date
Introduction
Site and Subsurface Conditions (including water table elevation)
Pile Details
Pile type and length
Required bearing capacity and factor of safety
Concrete compressive strength and/or steel pile yield strength
Pile splice type and locations
Pile batter
Installation methods including use of jetting, preaugering, spudding, vibratory
hammer, template, barge, etc.
Driving Details
Hammer make, model and type
Hammer and pile cushion type and thickness
Pile helmet weight
Hammer efficiency and operation data including fuel settings, bounce chamber
pressure, blows per minute, equipment volume and pressure
Ground or mud line elevation and template reference elevation at the time of driving
Final pile tip elevation
Driving resistance (ram stroke, blows per foot (0.3 meter) and set for last 10
hammer blows)
Restrike and redrive information
PDA field work details
CAPWAP analysis results
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Sheet Piles
Table showing percent skin and tip, skin and toe damping, skin and toe quake and
match quality
Summary/Conclusions
Attachments
Boring log(s)
Pile Driving Equipment Data Form (from Contractor)
Field pile driving inspection data (from The Contractor)
Accelerometer and strain gauge locations
Accelerometer and strain gauge serial numbers and calibration information
PDA hardware model and CAPWAP software version information
Electronic copy of all PDA raw data and executable CAPWAP input and output files

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JASA KONSULTANSI FRONT END ENGINEERING DESIGN

LNG FILLING STATION ARUN

CIVIL SPECIFICATION FOR PILES AND SHEET PILES

0 29 Meil 2015 Issued for Construction RMY YF PSN

B 8 Mei 2015 Issued for Approval RMY YF PSN

A 15 April 2015 Issued for Review RMY YF PSN

PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED

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Reference / Paragraph / PT. PertaArun PT.LAPI ITB

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REVISION SHEET .......................................................................................................................... 2

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9.6 PC PILE DRIVING CRITERIA ................................................................................... 18

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JIS A 5335 Pretensioned Spun Concrete Piles

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Figure 1ThePoition of rope when loading and unloading piles

Noted: a) Centrifugal Reinforcing Bar Concrete Pile

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Figure 2The Position of sleeper when storing piles

1. Before mobilizing the piling equipment (Crane, Hammer, Leads, Hammer

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9.1.2 Value Numbering

9.1.3 Work of Sequence of Piling

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Cutting Off Pile Head

9.1.4 PC Pile Location

9.1.5 Blow Count and Measurement

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9.1.6 Cutting and Installation of Bearing Plate

9.2 PC PILE SPLICING

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9.3 PC PILE DRIVING

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9.6 PC PILE DRIVING CRITERIA

1. Pilling shall be done according to the criteria to be mentioned below:

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10. BORED PILES

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10.2 CASTING THE BORED PILE

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10.3 POSITION TOLERANCE OF BORED PILE

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10.4 SHOP DRAWING AND WORK SEQUENCE OF BORED PILE DEVELOPMENT

10.5 RESIDUAL MATERIAL

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sufficient density at GL to prevent accidents. This work should be included to Contractors

10.7 TRIMMING THE REBAR

10.8 RECORDING DATA OF THE BORED PILE

11. SHEET PILES

11.3 Concrete Sheet Piles