Advice Note

Checkpoints

The following is intended as a general guide to procedures and practice when operating
in an environment where checkpoints are common. Checkpoint procedures depend on
each situation and the support available, and as such should be adapted into security
plans as appropriate to a specific context, dependent on the risk analysis.

Introduction
Checkpoints are widely used in many countries. Many checkpoints have a legitimate purpose,
for example to prevent weapons from entering an area. Some checkpoints are designed just to
harass people. Some checkpoints are used for example by bandits or undisciplined soldiers
as a cover for ambush, theft or violence. It is important to recognise the difference between a
legal, sanctioned checkpoint designed to protect public safety and a checkpoint designed for the
personal benefit and gain of the checkpoint personnel, since an appropriate approach may vary
according to the type encountered. Be aware that checkpoints can vary from an official custom-
made barrier to a piece of string or stones across a track.

Many checkpoints are legitimate and they can be used to your advantage. Non-threatening
checkpoint personnel can be a good source of information concerning road conditions, recent
incidents and possible risks ahead. They can help to update your broad picture of the security
situation.

This document does not offer strict guidelines on behaviour at different types of checkpoint
since this will vary from country to country, and as such mistaken information could be
dangerous. For example, it may be customary to keep the engine running in one location but it
may give the wrong signal in another situation. Therefore, on arrival in a new situation it is
crucial to find out where the checkpoints are located and the accepted form of behaviour before
embarking on a journey for the first time in a new location.

Procedures

While not exhaustive the following may help to highlight some issues to be considered when
formulating checkpoint procedures:
During the approach quickly appraise the situation and decide on a response.
- If you suspect that there is a risk of violence or other serious problems, turn round and drive
steadily away, if it is safe to do so.
Do not use the radio or telephones when in view of the checkpoint.
Slow down. You may not need to stop unless asked to do so NGO vehicles may be
automatically waved through.
Take off sunglasses before stopping. Turn off radio/tape. Turn HF radio volume down to
avoid it attracting attention. At night, turn off headlights well before checkpoint and turn on an
interior light (is it safe to be traveling at night?).
Agree before reaching the checkpoint who in the vehicle is going to speak and what you are
going to say. Ensure everyone has the same story as unintentional conflicting remarks can
create suspicion.
Keep a reasonable distance between vehicles. If there is an incident then a vehicle behind
can report problems and hopefully evade danger.
 Be sure you understand the signals given by checkpoint personnel (e.g. are they waving me
on or into the side of the road?). Stop if unsure.
- Remain inside the vehicle unless you are ordered to get out
Be friendly, co-operative and alert. Treat the soldiers or police with respect. They have a
boring job to do, and are likely to give you an easier time if you show an interest in them. If
appropriate, chat a little, perhaps about their family. If they ask you to do things that are
incorrect (such as to give them a present), be politely but firm in refusing, and use gentle
humour if appropriate.
Have all your documents in order passport/identity card, vehicle papers, driving license,
permit to travel, cargo manifest.
Show identification if requested, but try not to hand it over.
Keep your hands visible at all times. Do not make any sudden movements that could be
misinterpreted. Explain what you are going to do first (e.g. I have to get my papers from the
glove compartment).
- If threatened with a weapon, comply calmly with their instructions
Allow the vehicle to be searched if they insist upon it.
If at all possible, refuse lifts to armed or uniformed personnel.
Avoid looking back after passing through a checkpoint as this can create suspicion if
witnessed. Drive away at a normal speed.
When out of view of the checkpoint and if it is agreed procedure, then report clearance of the
checkpoint by radio.

References & Further Reading

ECHO Generic Security Guide