LILI WIDARTI ZAINUDDIN

chapter 3 answer

1. Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory describes covalent bonds in terms of molecular orbitals,
which result from interaction of the atomic orbitals of the bonding atoms and are
associated with the entire molecule.
2. Electrons that spend most of their time between the nuclei of two atoms are placed into
the bonding orbitals, and electrons that spend most of their time outside the nuclei of two
atoms are placed into antibonding orbitals.

3.

Bonding orbital Antibonding orbital

Lower energy Higher energy

Greater stability Lower stability

4. a)

b)

5. From the MO energy level diagram of Be2, the electron fill up the bondind and
antibonding orbital. When the bond order of the molecule is calculate, the value is zero
indicate that there are no bond between the Be atom and shows that the Be2 molecule
does not exist.
6.

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Bond order for H2 = 2-0/2

=1

Bond order for H2- = 2-1/2

= 0.5
H2 is stronger than H2-

7. Paramagnetic properties are due to the presence of some unpaired electrons. The property
can be test by using induced magnetic field. The paramagnetic compound will be
attracted to magnetic fields.

8. a)

diamagnetic

b)

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diamagnetic

c)

diamagnetic

9. 1)To evaluate the stabilities of a compound.

2)As an indication of the strength of a bond.

3)As an indication of the existence of a molecule.

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10. a.

F2 HOMO = *2p
LUMO = *2p

F2- HOMO = *2p

F2+ HOMO = *2p

LUMO = *2p

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b.

O2 HOMO = *2p
LUMO = *2p

O2- HOMO = *2p

LUMO = *2p

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O22- HOMO = *2p

LUMO = *2p

O2+ HOMO = *2p

LUMO = *2p

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O22+ HOMO = 2p

LUMO = *2p

11. Bond order for (a) F2 = 1, F2- = 0.5, F2+ = 1.5

Bond order for (b) O2 = 2, O2- = 1.5, O22- = 1, O2+ = 2.5, O22+ = 3

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