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The Unified Soil Classification System classifies soils into groups based on their grain size and plasticity characteristics. Soils are categorized as gravels, sands, silts, or clays depending on the percentage of particles larger or smaller than specific size thresholds. Each group is further defined by additional laboratory tests of gradation and plasticity to determine subcategories such as well-graded, poorly-graded, silty, or clayey. Plasticity chart criteria are used to differentiate inorganic from organic soils and those with low or high plasticity.
The Unified Soil Classification System classifies soils into groups based on their grain size and plasticity characteristics. Soils are categorized as gravels, sands, silts, or clays depending on the percentage of particles larger or smaller than specific size thresholds. Each group is further defined by additional laboratory tests of gradation and plasticity to determine subcategories such as well-graded, poorly-graded, silty, or clayey. Plasticity chart criteria are used to differentiate inorganic from organic soils and those with low or high plasticity.
The Unified Soil Classification System classifies soils into groups based on their grain size and plasticity characteristics. Soils are categorized as gravels, sands, silts, or clays depending on the percentage of particles larger or smaller than specific size thresholds. Each group is further defined by additional laboratory tests of gradation and plasticity to determine subcategories such as well-graded, poorly-graded, silty, or clayey. Plasticity chart criteria are used to differentiate inorganic from organic soils and those with low or high plasticity.
Group Symbols Fines (%) Grading Plasticity Notes Gravels Well graded gravels, Cu>4 Dual (more than GW 0-5 with little or no fines 1<Cc<3 symbols 50% of coarse Poorly graded if 5-12% fraction of gravels, sandy Not satisfying fines. gravel size) GP 0-5 gravels, with little or GW Dual no fines requirements symbols if above A- Silty gravels, silty GM >12 Below A-line line and sandy gravels or PI<4 coarse 4<PI<7 grained (more Clayey gravels, clayey GC >12 Above A-line than 50% sandy gravels and PI>7 larger than 63 Sands (more than Well graded sands, Reminder m BS or SW 0-5 Cu>6 No.200 US 50% of coarse gravelly sands, with fraction of little or no fines 1<Cc<3 D60 sieve size C u= sand size) D10 (0.074 mm)) Poorly graded sands, Not satisfying SP 0-5 gravelly sands, with SW D30 2 little or no fines requirements Cc= D10D60 Below A-line SM >12 Silty sands or PI<4 PI=LL-PL Above A-line SC >12 Clayey sands and PI>7 Name Group LABORATORY CRITERIA Symbols
Silts and Inorganic silts, silty Use plasticity chart
Clays (liquid or clayey fine sands, ML limit less than with slight plasticity 50) Use plasticity chart fine Inorganic clays, silty clays, sandy clays of CL grained (more low plasticity than 50% Organic silts and Use plasticity chart smaller organic silty clays of OL than 63 low plasticity m BS or Silts and Inorganic silts of Use plasticity chart No.200 US Clays (liquid MH high plasticity sieve size limit greater Inorganc clays of Use plasticity chart (0.074 mm)) CH than 50) high plasticity Organic clays of Use plasticity chart OH high plasiticty Highly organic soils Peat and other highly Use plasticity chart Pt organic soils Equation of A-line = 0.73* (LL-20)