Chap 10 Solutions Ex 10 2 Method Umer Asghar PDF

B.Sc.
Mathematics (Mathematical Methods) Chapter # 10: Differential Equations of Higher Order
EXERCISE # 10.2
Find the general solution of each of the is the required solution.

following:
Question # 2: ( )
Question # 1: ( )
Solution:
Solution: Given equation is
Given equation is ( ) ()
( ) () The characteristics equation of ( ) will be
The characteristics equation of ( ) will be
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Therefore, the complementary solution is

Now,
Now,
( )( )
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( )
( ) ( )
Hence,
Hence,
1
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B.Sc. Mathematics (Mathematical Methods) Chapter # 10: Differential Equations of Higher Order
is the required solution.

( )( )
Question # 3: ( )
Solution: ( )
Given equation is
( ) ()
Hence,
( ) ( ) is the required solution.
( )( ) Question # 4: ( )
( ) ( ) Solution:
Given equation is
:( ) ()

Now,
( )
( )
( )( )
As is the root of so, by
using synthetic division, we have
( )( ) ( )( )
1 -2 0 1
( )( ) ( )( ) 1 0 1 -1 -1
1 -1 -1 0
( )( ) ( )( )
The residue equation will be
2
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )

Question # 5: ( )

Solution:
Now, Given equation is
( ) ()
[ ( )]
( ) ( )
[ ( )] ( )
( )( )
* ( ) ( )
+( )
[ Therefore, the complementary solution is

](
)
Now,
[ ]( )
[ ]
( )( )
[ ]
( )( )( )
( )( )
Hence,
3
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) Now,
Hence,
( ) ( )( )
( )( )
Question # 6: ( )
( )( )
Solution:
Given equation is
( ) ()

( )
( )( )
As is the root of
so, by using synthetic division, we have
( )
1 -2 -3 10
-2 0 -2 8 -10
Hence,
1 -4 5 0
( )
The residue equation will be

( ) ( ) ( )( )
Question # 7: ( )
( )
Solution:

4
Given equation is
( ) ()
( )
Question # 8: ( )
Solution:
Given equation is
( ) ()

Now,
( )
( )
Now,
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
Hence, Hence,
5
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
Question # 9: ( )
( )
Solution:
( )
Given equation is
( ) ()
The characteristics equation of ( ) will be Hence,
( )
Therefore, the complementary solution is is the required solution.
Question # 10: ( )
Solution:
Now, Given equation is
( ) ()
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )
( ) ( )
6
( )
1 -1 3 5
Now,
-1 0 -1 2 -5
1 -2 5 0
Now, the residual equation will be

( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
Hence,
Now,
( )
is the required solution. ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
Question # 11: ( )
Solution:
Given equation is
( ) ()
The characteristics equation of ( ) will be ( ) ( )
( )( )
is a root of characteristics equation. So we
use synthetic division in order to find the other roots
of synthetic division. ( )( )( )
7
( )( )
1 0 -7 -6
-1 0 -1 1 6
( )
1 -1 -6 0
( ) Now, the residual equation will be
( )
( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
Hence,
Now,
( ) ( )
( )
( )
is the required solution. ( ) ( )
( )
( )
Question # 12: ( ) ( )
( )
Solution:
Given equation is ( )
( ) ( ) () ( )
The characteristics equation of ( ) will be ( )

( )
is a root of characteristics equation. So we ( )

( )
use synthetic division in order to find the other roots
of characteristics equation.
8
( ) ( )
(
( ) ( )
)
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Hence, ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
(
Question # 13: ( ) ( ) ( )
)( )
Solution:
Given equation is
(
( ) ( ) ()
)( )
( )( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
Therefore, the complementary solution is ( )
( )
Now,
Hence,
( )
9
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
Question # 14: ( ) ( )
( )
Solution:
Given equation is
Hence,
( ) ()
is the required solution. Question # 15:

( ) ( )
( )
( )( )
Solution:
Given equation is
( ) ()

Now,
are the roots of characteristics

equation. So we use synthetic division in order to find
the other roots of characteristics equation.
1 0 3 0 -4
( )( )
( ) 1 0 1 1 4 4
1 1 4 4 0
-1 0 -1 0 -4
( ) 1 0 4 0
(( ) )(( ) )
( )
( )( )
10
[ ]
Now, Now consider,
[ ]
( )( )( )( )
[
( )
( )
]
( )( )( )( )
Consider,
[ ( )
( )( )( )( )
]
[ ( )( )( )
( )( )( )( )
] ( )
( )( )( )( ) * +
( )( )
[
( )( )( )( ) * +
]
( )( )( )( ) ( )
* +
[
( )( )( )
( )
* +
]
( )( )( )
( )
[ ] * +
[ ] [ ]
[ ]
11
Thus equation ( ) becomes
Hence,
( )
( )
Solve the initial value problem. ( ( )
Question # 16: )
( ) ( )
Solution: (
Given equation is )
()
( )
( )
( ) ( ) Hence,
( )( )
( )
Therefore, the complementary solution is Applying ( ) on ( ) we have
Now,
( )
Differentiating ( ) we have
( ) ( )
( )
( )
12
Applying ( ) on ( ) we have Now,
( )
Now ( )
( )
( )( )
Hence,
( )
Question # 17: Hence,
( ) ( )
Solution: ( )
Given equation is ( )
() Applying ( ) on ( ) we have
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )
( )

Differentiating ( ) we have
( )
( )
( )
Applying ( ) on ( ) we have
( )
13
( )
( )
( )
( )
Hence,
Hence,
( )
( )
[( ) ]
Question # 18: ( )
( )
Solution:
( )
Given equation is
() Differentiating ( ) we have
The characteristics equation of ( ) will be ( )
( )
( )
Now,
14
Now ( )
( )
( )
Hence, ( )
( )
( )

( )
Question # 19:
( ) ( ) ( )
Solution:
( )
Given equation is
() ( )( )

(
(
Now,
Hence,
( )
( )
( )
15
1 3 7 5
-1 0 -1 -2 -5
Differentiating ( ) we have 1 2 5 0
( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
Applying ( ) on ( ) we have ( )

Hence,
Is the required solution.

Question # 20:
( )
Now,
( ) ( ) ( )
Solution:
First, we will use the exponential shift and then use
Given equation is
the process which is used in above questions and
finally we will reach
()
The characteristics equation of ( ) is Hence,
( )
are the roots of ( )
characteristics equation. So we use
Since initial boundary value conditions are given. We
synthetic division in order to find the
will use that conditions and obtain the final result as
other roots of characteristics equation. below
Is the required solution.
16
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B.Sc.

Mathematics (Mathematical Methods) Chapter # 10: Differential Equations of Higher Order

Find the general solution of each of the is the required solution.

Therefore, the complementary solution is

is the required solution.

( ) ( ) is the required solution.

The characteristics equation of ( ) will be

The residue equation will be

Now, Given equation is

The characteristics equation of ( ) will be

[ Therefore, the complementary solution is

The characteristics equation of ( ) will be

is the required solution.

The characteristics equation of ( ) will be

Therefore, the complementary solution is

The characteristics equation of ( ) will be Hence,

Therefore, the complementary solution is is the required solution.

The characteristics equation of ( ) will be

Therefore, the complementary solution is

Now, the residual equation will be

Therefore, the complementary solution is

is the required solution. ( ) ( ) ( )

The characteristics equation of ( ) will be ( ) ( )

( ) Now, the residual equation will be

The characteristics equation of ( ) will be ( )

is a root of characteristics equation. So we ( )

Therefore, the complementary solution is ( )

The characteristics equation of ( ) will be

is the required solution. Question # 15:

The characteristics equation of ( ) will be

are the roots of characteristics

Now, Now consider,

Thus equation ( ) becomes

is the required solution.

Solve the initial value problem. ( ( )

Therefore, the complementary solution is Applying ( ) on ( ) we have

Applying ( ) on ( ) we have Now,

is the required solution.

Question # 17: Hence,

The characteristics equation of ( ) will be ( )

Therefore, the complementary solution is

is the required solution.

The characteristics equation of ( ) will be

Now, the residual equation will be

Is the required solution.

The characteristics equation of ( ) is Hence,

Is the required solution.

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