Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
DESIGN OF AQUEDUCT
2 Stream Particulars:
Now proposed as
2 vent 7.00 x 4.50 m clear span for stream flow.
with SLRB for continuty of inspectionpath.
Trough level = 71.790 m
Roof level = 71.450 m ( C.B.L-trough thickness - sealing coat)
Floor level = 67.050 m Existing
III - 1
5. Transitions ( canal flow )
Normal bed width of canal = 3.750 m
Width of the trough = = 3.750 m
13.360
67.05
22.0 22.0
Stream flow
3 4 5 6' 6
1 2 Canal Flow
13 13 7 8
10.250
2/3
There fore H = 113.316
23.1
H = 2.887 m
+ 69.937
68.450
2.887 1.5:1
+ 67.050
22 m
Maximum Flood discharge = 113.316 cumecs
Maximum Flood Level at the end of transition = 69.937 m
Floor level = 67.050 m
Depth of flow available = 2.887 m
Area of flow = (22.00 + 1.5 x 2.887 ) x 2.887
= 76.016 sq.m.
Velocity = 113.316 / 76.016
= 1.491 m/sec
MFL at 8 - 8 = 69.937
TEL at 8 - 8 = 69.937 + 0.1133
= 70.050 m
III - 2
Section 7 - 7: (Just inside the transition at the exit end)
+ 69.911
2.861
+ 67.050
22
71.450 71.150
69.697
2.647 15
+ 67.050
13.36 m
III - 3
(due to change in velocity from section 7 - 7 to section 6 - 6)
TEL at 6 - 6 wrt section 7 - 7. = 70.076 + 0.0957 + 0.009
= 70.181
The barrel roof level is 71.450 which is more than M.F.L at section 6-6 i.e + 69.697
Hence Barrel Runs partially
Section6' - 6' : (Just inside the barrel at the exit end)
71.450
71.15
+ 69.697
15
2.647
+ 67.050
-0.484
13.36 m
Section 5 - 5: (Just inside the barrel at the location of pier under trough.)
71.45
71.15
+ 69.646
15
2.596
+ 67.050
0.000
12.36 m
III - 4
= 70.231
69.646
2.596
67.050
12.36 m
Assume a depth of flow of 2.596 m
Area A = 12.36 +13.398 x 2.596
2
= 33.434 sq.m.
Velocity V = 113.316 33.434
= 3.389 m/sec
Wetted perimeter = 12.360 + ( 2.00 x 1.0198 x 2.596 )
= 17.655 m
V2/2g = 3.389 2
/ ( 2x 10 )
= 0.5855 m
Head loss due to change in velocity = 0.3 ( 0.5855 - 0.585 )
= 0.0000
Friction Losses:
Average Area A = (33.43 + 33.434 )/ 2
= 33.434 sq.m
Avg.Wetted perimeter p = 18 m
R = A/P
= 33.434 17.655
= 1.894 m V= Average velocity = 3.389 m/sec
frictional losses S = V2 n 2/ R 4/3 x L R average = 1.894 m
n Value = 0.018
Length = 13.000
= 0.021
69.880
2.830
67.050
13.36
III - 5
= 2.875 m/sec
V2/2g = 2.875 2 / ( (2 x 10 )
= 0.4214 m
70.225
3.175
67.050 0.000
22 m
67.250 2.975
III - 6
= 1.705 h3/2 + 10.5 h1/2
ENERGY LINES
(Line diagram)
4 1
3 2
U/S
D/S Canal Waterway
AT FSL 3.75
7.50 71.790 71.790 7.50 AT FSL
17.000
5.000 m 3 5.000 m
4
2 1
III - 7
Section : 3 - 3 (Just Inside the exit of waterway)
S = 0.7954 x 0.018 2
0.7448 2/3
S = 0.00030
III - 8
Length of waterway = 17.000 m
Loss of head in the waterway portion from section 2 - 2 to 3- 3
= 0.0003 x 17.00
= 0.0052 m
Velocity = 3.685
7.092
= 0.520 m/s
Velocity Head @ section 1-1 = V2
2g
= 0.520 2
1.5 :1 1.258 2 x 9.81
= 0.014 m
3.750
D/S
1/ 3
q2
Mean scour depth = 1. 34
f ( )
q= 113.316 = 5.151 cumecs
III - 9
22.00
III - 10
R= 3.241 m
For Canal
U/S 1/ 3
q2
Mean scour depth = 1. 34
f( )
q= 3.685 = 0.655 cumecs Avg length= ( bed width +width at fsl)/2
5.625 = 5.625 m
R= 0.820 m
A cutt off wall of 1.50 m is provided at the u/s of Canal i.e 70.290 m
D/S
1/ 3
q2
Mean scour depth = 1. 34 ( )
f
q= 3.685 = 0.655 cumecs
5.63
R= 0.820 m
A cutt off wall of 1.50 m is provided at the D/s of Canal i.e 70.290 m
III - 11
8. DESIGN OF TROUGH SLAB:
0.250
0.60
2.190 1.25
0.04
0.340 0.225
0.075 3.750
The following stresses are adopted water side face Away from water face
Stress in concrete ( c ) = 70 Kg/cm2
Stress in Steel = 1900 kg/cm2
Concrete mix = M20 grade
Unit weight of R .C .C = 2500 Kg/m2
III - 11
10.1 DESIGN OF SIDE WALL OF TROUGH:
0.250
0.6
Mix adopted = M20
3.750 Stress in steel = 1900 Kg/cm2
1.25 Q = 10.263 C = 70 Kg/cm2
2.190 J = 0.890 m = 13.333
n = 0.329
0.04
0.225
0.075
0.225
Total height of side wall = 0.60 + 1.25 + 0.04 + 0.225 + 0.075
= 2.190 m (or) 219 cm
The side wall is designed as a simply supported beam in between the abutment & piers with
clear span of 7.00 m to support the vertical load due to own weight and
the load coming from the trough slab and the water in the trough. The side wall is also checked for the water thrust
Assuming the width of beam = 25 cm
Clear span = 7.000 m
Top width of abutment = 0.900 m
Width of pier = 1.000 m
Width of bearing = 0.494 m
Clear cover to beam = 0.050
assume the dia of Main reinforcement = 20 mm
Effective depth of beam = 2190 - 50.0 - 10 = 2130.0 mm
= 213.0 cm
Effective span = 7.000 + 0.494 = 7.494 m
Slenderness limits for beams to ensure lateral stability :
To ensure lateral stability, The clear distance between the lateral supports
according to para 23.3 of IS:456-2000 should not exceed.
i) 60b (or) whichever is less
ii) 250 b2/d
Where
'd' is the effective depth of the beam and
'b' the breadth of the compression face
The clear distance between lateral supports = clear span = 7.00 m
= 700 cm
i) 60b = 60 x 25 = 1500 cm
ii) 250 b2 / d = 250 x 2.93 = 733.6 cm
Mininum of above i and ii = 733.57 cm greater than 700 cm
HENCE SAFE
Check for vertical deflection:
As per para 23.2.1 of IS 456 : 2000 the vertical deflection limits may generally be assumed to be satisfied provided that
the span to depth ratio is less than 20 for Simply supported spans up to 10 m
20x 10/span for Simply supported spans greater than 10 m
Span = 700.00
Eff. depth 213.00
= 3.29 < 20
HENCE SAFE
LOADS (per m run) :
i) Dead load of side wall = 2.190 x 0.25 x 2500 = 1368.75 Kg
ii) Weight of trough slab = 0.225 x 3.75 /2 x 2500 = 1054.69 Kg
ii) Wt. of sealing coat = 0.04 x 3.75 /2 x 2500 = 187.50 Kg
v) weight of haunches = 0.075 x 0.225 /2 x 2500 = 21.09 Kg
v) weight of fillets = 0.075 x 0.225 /2 x 2500 = 21.09 Kg
i) weight of water = 1.85 x 3.75 /2 x 1000 = 3468.75 Kg
Total weight: 6121.88 Kg
Bending moment BM = wl2 / 8 = 6121.88 x 7.494 2 x 100 / 8
= 4297559 Kgcm
MR = Q bd2
d(req.) = M/Qb
= 4297559 / 10.26329 x 25
= 129.42 cm
III - 12
9. Design of Canal aquaduct Abutment
TBL 73.640
W8
1.85
w1 w1' +71.790
71.72 W7 0.340
+71.150 +71.450
0.494 0.494
W6 w2
5.740 P1 W9 1
W3
5.100
5
0.250
P2 W5 W4 0.60
A 0.820 67.05 SBL
3.420 w4' 1.250
w5' 1.000 2.190
0.3 1.600 1.000 1.820 +66.050 0.04
B W10 0.500
+65.550 0.225 0.340
C 4.420 3.750
5.020
0.250
Density of concrete RCC = 2.500 t/m3
Density of concrete CC = 2.400 t/m3
Density of soil = 2.100 t/m3
Density of water = 1.000 t/m3
Surcharge Load = 1.100 t/m3 Clear span 7.00 m
Width of bearing = 0.494
Load from Trough W1
From side walls (2 nos) = 2.0 x 0.25 x 2.190 x 7.988 x 2.50 = 21.867 t
Trough slab = 3.75 x 0.225 x 7.988 x 2.50 = 16.850 t
Sealing coat = 3.75 x 0.04 x 7.988 x 2.40 = 2.876 t
haunches (2 nos) = 2.0 x 0.225 x 0.075 x 7.988 x 2.400 = 0.647 t
Fillets (2nos) = 2.00 x 0.150 x 0.15 x 7.988 x 2.400 = 0.863 t
Weight of water = 3.75 x 1.85 x 7.988 x 1.000 = 55.417 t
Load (t)
Load Description L.A Moment (t-m)
Hor. Ver.
III - 13
P2 0.50 x 4.740 x 4.740 x 1.000 11.234 1.580 17.749
V = 49.053 t M = 131.103 t - m
III - 14
= 1.85 x 1.00 + 0.525 x 2.400 +4.215 = 7.042
1.100 1.100
Lever arm = M V
= 131.103 49.053
= 2.673 m
Load (t)
Load Description L.A Moment (t-m)
Hor. Ver.
Lever arm = M V
= 175.711 60.407
= 2.909 m
III - 15
Ecentricity = Lever arm - base width /2
= 0.699 m
Allowable ecentricity = b/6
= 0.737 m
> 0.699 m
Hence Ok
Load (t)
Load Description L.A Moment (t-m)
Hor. Ver.
Lever arm = M V
= 226.955 68.211 t
= 3.327 m
III - 16
Design of Bed Blocks under trough:
1. Weight of trough including Side walls, wearing coat, honches and Fillets = 43.102 t
Total load on the abutment under the bed block = 24.630 + 0.266
= 24.895 t
Which is Permissible.
Adopting the bed blocks in VRCC M 20
1.00
10 No.s 16 mm Bars
Providing 1% of G.S.A. = 1 x 30 x 50.60
100
= 15 Sq. cm
III - 17
0.02
W7 TBL 73.640
73.565 W1
w3 72.975
0.49 72.675
W2
00
III - 17
11.DESIGN OF PIER
+ 71.790
0.040
0.225 + 71.450
0.075 71.150
1.000
SMFL + 69.646
4.900
SBL + 67.050
0.5 0.3 1.000 0.3 + 66.550
0.5 0.3 1.600 0.3 + 66.050
0.5 + 65.550
2.200
1.000 5.550
4.550
6.150 6.750
III - 18
11.DESIGN OF PIER
min
23.047
min
9.495
III - 19
12 DESIGN OF PIER FOR SLRB
3
Zxx = 3.142 x 4.8
32
= 10.859 m3
Zyy = 10.859 m3
III - 19
RCL + 73.640
0.075 Deck slab
0.590 + 72.975
72.175 1.000
2.529
1.3
6.025 SMFL + 69.646
2.596
SBL + 67.050
1.300 0.90
+ 66.150
1.500 0.30
+65.850
4.800 0.30
+65.550
0.3 +65.250
5.400
5.00
12.2.0 Loads comming on the columns 0.25
a) Dead load
1)Dead load from super structure. = 73.561 t 1.3 0.45
2) Dead load from hammer head = 8.669 t (5x0.25+((5-1.30)/2)x0.45+1.3x0.45)x1.3x 2.5
3) Dead load from bearing pedestal = 1.25 t (5.0x 0.1x2.5x1)
Reaction calculations
Taking moments about C
Ra x 7.49 = 11.4 x 6.80 + 2.700 x 3.60 +2.70 x 2.5
Ra = 12.549 t
Rb = 14.469 t
Ra +Rb = 27.017 t and Ra - Rb = 1.920 t
III - 20
live load on bridge = 27.017 t
Impact factor = 4.5 = 0.33 ( no impact as the height of the column is more than 3.0 m )
6+L
Live load reaction = 27.017 t
Maximum reaction
Dead loads = 73.561 t
Dead load +Live load = 100.578 t
2.125
0.51
1 0.245 m
1.3
Maximum live load Ra-Rb = 1.920 + 1.544 = 3.464 t
Eccentricity = 0.51 0 = 0.255 m
2
Moment = 3.464 x 0.255 = 0.883 t-m
III - 21
12.4.0 Wind force (clause 212.3 of IRC -6:2000)
case A wind force on deck slab, column,column head and live load
Exposed height of deck = 0.665 m
Kerb = 0.225 m
parapet of 0.6 height = 0.6 m
1.490 m
C.G of exposed area
= 0.890 x 0.890 /2 + 0.6 x 1.190
0.890 + 0.6
= 0.745 m
acting @ E.L + 72.975 + 0.745 = 73.720 m
Case A+B total moment due to wind force on super structure and on Live load
Moment at the base of the column = 6.8420 + 21.52 = 28.364 t-m
Moment at the top of the soil = 7.384 + 22.96 = 30.343 t-m
Case 2 As per 212.6 of IRC -6 :2000 the wind force shall not be less than
450 kg/m acting @ kerb level i.e + 73.865
Height up to column base 73.865 - + 66.150 = 7.715
III - 22
Height above footing 73.865 - +65.550 = 8.315
Wind force = 7.98 x 450 / 1000
= 3.591 t
Moment at the base of the column = 3.591 x 7.715 = 27.70 t-m
Moment at the top of the soil = 3.591 x 8.315 = 29.86 t-m
Case 3 As per 212.7 of IRC -6 :2000 the wind force shall not be less than 240 kg/m2 is considered
12.5.0 Force due to water currents in the canal ( as per para 213.2.0 of IRC -6:2000)
Intencity of pressure due to water currents P = 52 K V2
where k = 0.66 (semi circular)
Maximum mean velocity of the canal(v) = 113.32 / 33.434 = 3.389 m/sec
Maximum velocity (V)= 2 v = 1.414 x 3.389 = 4.792 m/sec
Maximum V2 = 22.966 m/sec
Maximum velocity (U2) at base of column = 0 m/sec V2 = 2 v 2 = 22.966
+ 69.646
4.1
+ 67.050 0 0
1.5
12.6.1 Water force across the direction of streamflow case 1 transverse +65.550
Pressure @ MFL @ + ( + 69.646 )= 52 k v 2 sin 200
Intensity of pressure at MFL = 52 x 0.66 x 22.966 x sin 200
= 269.583 kg/m
Moment about the top of the soil = 454.894 x ( 2.631 + 0.6 )= 1.470 t-m
1000
12.6.2 force due to water currents along the direction of stream flow as per para 213.2.0 of IRC (Case 2 )
Pressure @ MFL @ P = 52 k v 2 cos200
= 52 x 0.66 x 22.966 x cos 200
= 740.672 kg/m
Moment about the top of the soil = 1249.812 x( 2.631 + 0.6 )= 4.038 t-m
1000
The moment obtained in case (1) should not be less than the moments due to net hydrostatic pressure with a difference of
250 mm in water levels on opposite faces of column ( As per 213.6 of IRC bridge code ) as below
250 mm
MFL + 69.646
2.596 1.3 69.396
2.346
SBL + 67.050
1.300 0.900
+ 66.150
0.600
+ 65.550
Depth of flow in stream = 2.596 m
M1 = 10.361 t-m
2
M2 = 1/2 x ( 2.346 ) ( 2.346 /3 + 1.50 )x 1.30
0
= 8.164 t-m
M1 - M2 = 2.198 t-m
Govering moments @ 66.150 = 1.716 t-m
Govering moments @ 65.550 = 2.198 t-m
Sno Vertical loads and moments Loads with out with 15 % buoyancy Lontudinal moment Transverse
1 From super strucure
2 Bearing pedestals 132.30 131.10
3 Bed blocks
4 Live loads
5 Live load eccentricity 23.563
6 Effect of transverse eccentricity 0.883
7 Braking force (Momnt) 28.5285
8 Water currents 3.288 1.716
9 wind force 28.36
Resultant with out wind effect = 132.303 131.10 26.851 31.128
Resultant with wind effect = 132.303 131.10 55.215
Resultent B .M with out wind effect 2 2
Bending moment with buoyancy = 26.851 + 31.128 = 41.108 t-m
2 2
Bending moment with out buoyancy = 23.563 + 29.412 = 37.686 t-m
0.000
Resultan BM with wind effect 0.000
Bending moment with buoyancy = 2 2
55.215 + 31.128 = 63.385 t-m
0.000
Bending moment with out buoancy = 2 2
51.927 + 29.412 = 59.678 t-m
0.000
Sno Vertical loads and moments with out with 15 % buoyancy Longitudinal moment Transverse
1 From super structure
Bearing pedestal
Bed block 158.137 146.604
Live load
2 Effect of transverse eccentricity 23.563 0.883
3 Braking force 31.0365
4 Water currents 4.038 2.198
5 Effect of wind force 30.34
Resultant with out wind effect = 158.137 146.604 27.601 34.117
Resultant with wind effect = 158.137 146.604 57.943
2 2
Bending moment with out buoyancy = 23.563 + 31.920 = 39.675 t-m
0.000
Resultan BM with wind effect 0.000
Bending moment with buoancy = 2 2
57.943 + 34.117 = 67.242 t-m
0.000
Bending moment with out buoancy = 2 2
III - 25
53.906 + 31.920 = 62.647 t-m
= 92.98 + 155.6
Max = 248.56 t/m2
Min = -62.59 t/m2
Stress on soil
158.137 + 39.675
18.098 10.859
8.738 + 3.654
Max = 12.392
Min = 5.084
B)When canal is running full and traffic allowed on the road
Stresss in the column base
= 131.103 + 41.108
1.423 0.242
= 92.14 + 169.7
Max = 261.84 t/m2
Min = -77.56 t/m2
Stress on soil
146.604 + 43.884
18.098 10.859
8.101 + 4.041
Max = 12.142
Min = 4.059
8.738 + 5.769
Max = 14.507
Min = 2.969
= 92.14 + 261.7
Max = 353.80 t/m2
III - 26
Min = -169.52 t/m2
Stress on soil
146.604 + 67.242
18.098 10.859
8.101 + 6.192
Max = 14.293 t/m2
Min = 1.908 t/m2
= 92.982 + 169.699
500 667
0.186 + 0.2544
Lateral ties
according to the IS 456:2000 the diametre of the lateral ties shall not be less than
1) 1/4 th the diameterof the longitudinal bar
2) 6 mm
There fore provide 8 mm as the diameter of tie bar
pitch of lateral reinforcement should be least of the following
1) Least lateral dimension of compression member
2) sixteen times the smallest diameter of then longitudinal bar
3) 300 mm
Pitch of transverse ties
Least of the following
1) 130 cm
2) 40 cm
3) 30 cm
III - 27
Pitch of ties = 30 cm
Distribution steel 8 mm @ 300 mm c/c
h= 5.0
0.25
b 0.70 a
1.85 1.3
h
III - 28
Vertical stirrups = Vs = Sv a sv d 8 mm dia assumed
Sv
Sv = 2300 Kg /cm2 2
Asv = 4 x 3.14 x 0.8 = 2.0096 cm2
4
Sv = 2300 x 2.0096 x 64.00 = 17.580 cm
16826.7
provide 8 mm 4 legged stirrups @ 12 cm c/c.
Side face reinforce ment
Through the depth of the beam is less than 750 mm provide 0.1 % of side face reinforcement. As per clause 26.5.1.3
= 11.7 cm2 of IS 456 - 2000 Side face reinforcement is required
Area of 16 mm dia bars 2.0096 cm2
number of bars = 6 nos provide 3 nos on each side
Provide side face reinforcement Through the depth is less than 750 mm .
Design of footing
Load from super structure = 73.561 t
Weight of hammer head = 8.669 t
Weight of bearing pedestal 1.25 t
self weight of column = 19.993 t
R
14.507 4.8
2.969
1.75 4.8
= 11.539 = x
4.8 3.05
x = 7.332
stress at the face of column = 10.300 t/m2 R = Radius of footing = 2.4 m
r= Radius of column = 0.65 m
Check for depth of footing
2 2
0.6 R 2 + r 2 + R r = 0.6 2.4 +0.65 +2.4x 0.65
R+r 2.4 +0.65
= 1.523 m 2 2
Area shaded = R2 - r2 = 2.4 - 0.65 = 4.192 m2 4.8 m
4 4
Load on shaded area = 10.300 x 4.192 = 43.180 t
Maximum bending moment = 43.180 x 1.523 = 65.768 t-m
Breadth of shaded part at column face = x 1.3 = 1021 mm
4
Adopting C = 7 N/mm2 t = 190 N/mm2
and equating the moment of resistence to the maximum B.M =
III - 29
10.11 bd2 = 10.11 x 1021.0 d2 = 65.77 x 1000x100
d= 25.241 cm < 60.00 cm
provide 20 mm dia bars with a clear cover of 60 mm
Effective cover to the centre of the upper layer = 60 +20 +10.00 = 90.00 mm
Effective depth = 510 mm
Punching shear consideration =
Punching load = soil reaction on column area
2 2
= 10.300 x x ( 4.80 - 0.65 )
= 182.97 t 4
Safe punching shear stress = 12 kg/cm2
Equating the punching resistance to the punching load
x 130 x D x 12.00 = 182973.45
D = 37.335 cm
Steel required for the footing = 65.768 x 1000 x 100 = 76.090 cm2
1900 x 0.892 x51.00
There fore provide 24.00 bars of 20 mm dia in both ways
The reinforcement to the above extent should be provided in two principle direction and in a width equal to the sides of squence
inscribed in the plan of the footing. Length of the side of the inscribed in the plan of the footing. Length of the sides
of the inscribed square
R 2= 2.40 2 = 3.3941 m
or 3394.0 mm
Check for one way shear
The critical section for one way shear is taken at a distance equal to the effective epth from the column face
The depth of footing at the edge = 0.30 m
300.00 = x x= 87.429
1750 510 1.3 1750
= 1160.0 mm
Nominal shear stress at the critical sec tion 2 2
= 10.3004 ( 2.4 - 0.65 )
2 x 116.00 x 42.3
= 0.0056 kg/cm2
1160
III - 30
14. DESIGN OF SLOPED STREAM WING WALLS
W4 W5
W2 + 71.15
stressmax min
16.782 9.470
1 W1
stressmax min
5 16.805 10.788
W3
A + 67.050 SB
0.82 3.05 W4'
W3' 1.000
0.30 1.820 0.50 1.730 B 0.30 + 66.050
4.050
W6 0.5
C
4.65 + 65.550
III - 31
15.DESIGN OF WINGS & RETURN WALLS
W6 W1
w4' 4.820 stressesmax min
20.514 0.654
W2 0.764 67.05 SBL
A stressesmax min
w5 1.000 16.434 5.058
0.300 0.936 0.500 0.30 + 66.050
B 2.200
0.50
C W7
2.800 + 65.550
III - 32
16.DESIGN OF CANAL WING AT STARTING & RETURN WALLS
W3
+ 73.04 FSL
W5 W1
stresses at Base
max min
W2 41.209 -5.100
1.850 stresses on soil
PV Pva max min
A 1.000 0.500 w5'' + 71.790 CBL 36.629 1.236
w4
w6' + 73.04 FSL
W1 stresses at Base
max min
69.829 -3.328
w6 W2 stresses on soil
PV max min
w4'' Pva 63.323 0.937
A 0.600 0.500 1.756 CBL + 71.790
w4'''
Ph W3 W4' 5.740 Pha
B
0.30 2.856 1.0 0.3 66.050
3.86
0.5
C W5
4.456 + 65.550
III - 33
18.DESIGN OF CANAL WING AT STARTING & RETURN WALLS
W3
+ 73.04 FSL
W5 W1 stresses at Base
max min
45.721 -7.910
W2 stresses on soil
1.850 max min
pva 38.136 0.894
A 1.000 0.500 w5'' + 71.790 CBL
pv w5'''
ph W4 w5' + 5.740
pha
0.30 B 1.0 0.30 66.050
2.500
0.5
C W6
3.100 + 65.550
19.DESIGN OF CANAL WING AT END
stresses at Base
w4 w6' + 73.04 FSL max min
W1 38.524 -4.150
stresses on soil
max min
w6 W2 35.196 2.116
pva
A 0.600 0.500 1.756 CBL + 71.790
w4''
W3 W4' w4''' 5.740
B pha
0.30 2.856 0.3 0.3 66.050
3.16
0.5
C W5
3.756 + 65.550
III - 34