Capture/Compare/Pulse Width

Modulation (CCP) Programming

Hsiao-Lung Chan
Dept Electrical Engineering
Chang Gung University, Taiwan
chanhl@mail.cgu.edu.tw
Compare mode

Match occurs when the content of Timer1 (or Timer3) is

equal to CCPR1H:CCPR1L.
CCP1 pin perform one of the following actions
Toggle the CCP1 pin
Drive high the CCP1 pin
Drive low the CCP1 pin
Remain unaffected but generate software interrupt
Trigger a special event with a hardware interrupt and clear
the timer

2
Compare mode operation

3
CCP high and low registers

CCP pins

4
CCP1 control register

5
PIR1 (Peripheral interrupt flag register1) containing
CCP1IF flag

6
Timer3 block diagram

Set interrupt flag CCP Special Trigger

TMR3IF on overflow

Fosc/4

T3CKPS1:T3CKPS0

7
T3CON (Timer 3 control) register

8
A 1-Hz pulse is fed into Timer3 pin. Toggle LED
every 10 pulses using CCP Compare mode
MOVLW 0x02 ; Compare mode, toggle on match
MOVWF CCP1CON
MOVLW 0x42 ; Timer3 for compare mode, no prescale
MOVWF T3CON
BCF TRISC, CCP1 ; CCP1 pin as output
BSF TRISC, T1CKI ; T3 CLK pin as input
MOVLW D10
MOVWF CCPR1L
MOVLW 0x0
MOVWF CCPR1H
OVER CLRF TMR3H
CLRF TMR3L
BCF PIR1, CCP1IF
BSF T3CON, TMR3ON ; start Timer3
B1 BTFSS PIR1, CCP1IF
BRA B1
BCF T3CON, TMR3ON ; stop Timer3
GOTO OVER 9
Timer1

Set interrupt flag CCP Special Event Trigger

TMR1IF on overflow

TMR1H TMR1L

TMR1ON

T1SYNC

T1OSO/T1CKI
T1OSCEN

T1OSI

Fosc/4
T0PS1:T0PS0
TMR1CS

10
T1CON (Timer 1 Control) Register

11
Generate a square wave with a 40 ms period and
50% duty cycle on CCP1 pin if XTAL = 10 MHz
MOVLW 0x02 ; Compare mode, toggle on match
MOVWF CCP1CON
MOVLW 0x0 ; Use Timer1 for compare mode
MOVWF T3CON
MOVLW 0x0 ; Timer1, internal clock, no prescale
MOVWF T1CON
BCF TRISC, CCP1 ; CCP1 pin as output
MOVLW 0xC3
; 20 ms / 0.4 s = 50,000 = 0xC350
MOVWF CCPR1H
MOVLW 0x50
MOVWF CCPR1L
OVER CLRF TMR1H
CLRF TMR1L
BCF PIR1, CCP1IF
BSF T1CON, TMR1ON ; start Timer1
B1 BTFSS PIR1, CCP1IF ; monitor Timer1 flag
BRA B1
BCF T1CON, TMR1ON ; stop Timer1
12
GOTO OVER
Capture mode

An event at CCP pin cause the content of Timer1 (or Timer3) be

loaded into CCPR1H:CCPR1L
every falling-edge pulse

every rising-edge pulse

every 4
th rising-edge pulse

every 16
th rising-edge pulse

13
Measure the period of a pulse

14
Measure the period of a pulse (cont.)

MOVLW 0x05 ; Capture mode, rising edge

MOVWF CCP1CON
MOVLW 0x0 ; Timer1 for capture
MOVWF T3CON
MOVLW 0x0 ; Timer1, internal clock, no prescale
MOVWF T1CON
CLRF TRISB
CLRF TRISD
BSF TRISC, CCP1 ; CCP1 pin as input

15
Measure the period of a pulse (cont.)

OVER CLRF TMR1H

CLRF TMR1L
BCF PIR1, CCP1IF
RE_1 BTFSS PIR1, CCP1IF
BRA RE_1
BSF T1CON, TM13ON ; start Timer1
RE_2 BTFSS PIR1, CCP1IF
BRA RE_2
BCF T1CON, TM13ON ; stop Timer1
MOVFF TMR1L, PORTB
MOVFF TMR1H, PORTD
GOTO OVER

16
Measure pulse width

Pulse-width-modulated (PWM) output

A fixed frequency and variable duty cycle
MAX6666/6667 temperature sensors from Maxim Corp.
Output is a square wave with a frequency of 35 Hz at 250C
Temperature (0C) = 235 (400 x t1) / t2

17
Measure pulse width (cont.)

FLAG EQU 0x10 ; flag register

DISP EQU 0x0 ; flag for capture complete
RF EQU 0x1 ; flag for rising or falling edge
ORG 0x0000
GOTO MAIN
ORG 0x0008
BTFSC PIR1, CCP1IF ; Is it CCP1 interrupt?
GOTO CCP_ISR
RETFIE

MAIN MOVLW 0x05 ; Capture mode, rising edge

MOVWF CCP1CON
MOVLW 0x0 ; Timer1 for capture
MOVWF T3CON
MOVLW 0x0 ; Timer1, internal clock, no prescale
MOVWF T1CON 18
Measure the period of a pulse (cont.)

CLRF TRISB
CLRF TRISD
BSF TRISC, CCP1 ; CCP1 pin as input
BSF PIE1, CCP1IE ; enable CCP1 interrupt
BSF INTCON, PEIE ; enable peripheral interrupt
BSF INTCON, GIE ; enable global interrupt
BCF PIR1, CCP1IF
OVER CLRF TMR1H
CLRF TMR1L
WAIT BTFSS FLAG, DISP ; Is capture complete?
BRA WAIT
BCF FLAG, DISP ; clear DISP flag for next capture
MOVLW 0x03
SUBWF TMR1L, F ; subtract the overhead
MOVFF TMR1L, PORTB
MOVFF TMR1H, PORTD
19
GOTO OVER
Measure the period of a pulse (cont.)

CCP_ISR BTFSS FLAG, RF ; Is it rising edge

GOTO RISE_ISR
GOTO FALL_ISR
RISE_ISR BSF T1CON, TM13ON ; start Timer1
BSF FLAG, RF ; ready for falling edge
BCF CCP1CON, 0 ; detect falling edge
BCF PIR1, CCP1IF ; clear interrupt
RETFIE
FALL_ISR BCF T1CON, TM1ON ; stop Timer1
BSF FLAG, DISP ; capture complete
BCF FLAG, RF ; ready for rising edge
BSF CCP1CON, 0 ; detect rising edge
BCF PIR1, CCP1IF ; clear interrupt
RETFIE

20
PWM mode

Create pulses with variable widths

DC motor control

CCP module uses Timer2

21
PWM mode operation

22
Set the period and duty cycle of PWM

Period of PWM
Tpwm = (PR2 + 1) x 4 x Tosc x N
(N: prescaler of 1, 4, or 16)

Duty cycle of PWM

DC1B1 DC1B0 Decimal points
0 0 0
0 1 0.25
1 0 0.5
1 1 0.75
Ex1. PR2 = 50 and 20% duty cycle 50*20%= 10
8-bit CCPR1L = 10 and 2-bit of DC1B1:0=00 00001010.00
Ex1. PR2 = 50 and 25% duty cycle 50*25%= 12.5
8-bit CCPR1L = 12 and 2-bit of DC1B1:0=00 00001100.10
23
Timer2 block diagram

8-bit timer Set interrupt

flag TMR2IF

Fosc/4

T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0

TOUTPS3:TOUTPS0

CCP Special Event Trigger

24
T2CON (Timer2 Control) register

25
Create a 2.5 kHz PWM with a 75% duty cycle

CLRF CCP1CON
MOVLW D249
MOVWF PR2
MOVLW D186 ; 75% duty cycle
MOVWF CCPR1L
BCF TRISC, CCP1 ; make PWM pin an output
MOVLW 0x01 ; Timer2, 4 prescale, no postscaler
MOVWF T2CON
MOVLW 0x2C ; PWM mode, 10 for DC1B1:B0
MOVWF CCP1CON
CLRF TMR2
BSF T2CON, TMR2ON ; start Timer2
AGAIN BCF PIR1, TMR2IF ; clear Timer2 flag
OVER BTFSS PIR1, TMR2IF ; wait for the end of period
BRA OVER
GOTO AGAIN

26
Reference

M.A. Mazidi, R.D. Mckinlay, D Causey, PIC Microcontroller

and Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C for PIC18,
Pearson Education Inc., 2008.

27