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Isolator or disconnecting switch no load

Air break switch under load

Fuse silver

Fuse low melting point, high conductivity

Relay detects the fault, supplies information to the breaker for circuit interruption

Relay current transformer

Duplicate for flexibility

Fuse melts well before it reaches the highest value of fault current

Capacitance current surge voltage

Bus bars constant voltage

Alternator Merz-Price

1 VA is more sensitive than 3 VA

Sectionalized bus bar lower fault current than un-sectionalized bus bar

Tin maintains the arc

Fuse faster operation than circuit breaker / less noise

Secondary protection (back-up) operates when the primary protection fails

Secondary protection protects against short-circuit

Overspeeding (alternator) sudden loss of load

Earth-fault most important fault / according to importance

Buccholz relay between the main tank and the conservator tank

Buccholz relay gas-actuated relay

Buccholz relay connected to the main tank

Fusing factor greater than unity (1)

Fuse inherently automatic operation

Circuit breakers remake the arc after automatic operation

Arc length increases, resistance increases

Normal operation closed contact circuit

Open circuit forms the arc

Fuse protective device | Circuit breaker interrupting device


Electromechanical relay relays

Fuse used for situations that are frequently not in operation

Semi-enclosed rewireable fuse inverse

Semi-enclosed rewireable fuse low voltage, high current

Chopping current air circuit breaker

Selectivity (circuit breakers)

Earth fault low current settings

Field faults (alternators) protection is not provided

Transformer (overheat) protection is not provided

Alternator no overload protection

Core leakage protection protection against earth-faults in the transformer

Less oil needed for (special purpose) OCB than ordinary OCB

No protection for small distribution transformer

Failure of prime mover inverted running

Oil circuit breakers oil is used / some mineral oil

Electromagnetic induction for A.C. only

Alternator overcurrent protection is not provided

Switch does not detect fault

Diesel engine driven alternators failure of prime mover protection against mechanical seizure

Most important stator winding fault fault between phase and ground / earth and ground

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