VENTURIMETER

Aim:

 To measure discharge coefficient of a venturimeter.

 To study the variation of variation of co-efficient of discharge with Reynolds
Number.

Observation and calculation Data:

Cross sectional area of tank (A) = 0.1 m2

Upstream section diameter (d1) = 0.028 m

Downstream section diameter (d2) = 0.014 m

Area of upstream section (a1) = 0.000616 m2

Area of downstream section (a2) = 0.000154 m2

NOMENCLATURE:

h = manometer difference
R = rise of water level in measuring tank
Qa = actual discharge
Qt = theoretical discharge
Cv = co-efficient of discharge
V = velocity
Re = Reynolds number

Observation table:
Expt. 1:
Flow rate(LPM) h(mm) t(sec) R(cm)

10 5 64.58 10
15 9 40.98 10
20 15 30.4 10
25 27 26.36 10
30 37 20.28 10

Expt. 2:
Flow rate(LPM) h(mm) t(sec) R(cm)

10 3 65.78 10
15 8 45.62 10
20 15 30.71 10
25 24 23.89 10
30 40 19.29 10

Expt. 3:
Flow rate(LPM) h(mm) t(sec) R(cm)

10 4 63.16 10
15 8 41.73 10
20 16 31.5 10
25 28 24.38 10
30 40 19.59 10

Calculation table:
Expt. 1:
 Qa Qt Cv V Re
(m3/sec) (m/sec)
0.00015 0.00018 0.88 1.01 14076.97
0.00024 0.00024 1.03 1.58 22183.77
0.00033 0.00031 1.07 2.14 29904.31
0.00038 0.00041 0.92 2.46 34487.52
0.00049 0.00048 1.03 3.20 44826.97

Expt. 2:
Qa Qt Cv V Re
(m3/sec) (m/sec)
0.00015 0.00014 1.11 0.99 13820.17
0.00022 0.00022 0.98 1.42 19927.46
0.00033 0.00031 1.06 2.11 29602.44
0.00042 0.00039 1.08 2.72 38053.20
0.00052 0.00050 1.04 3.37 47127.57

Expt. 3:
Qa Qt Cv V Re
(m3/sec) (m/sec)
0.00016 0.00016 1.00 1.03 14393.46
0.00024 0.00022 1.07 1.56 21785.07
0.00032 0.00032 1.00 2.06 28860.03
0.00041 0.00042 0.98 2.66 37288.39
0.00051 0.00050 1.02 3.31 46405.87

Graph between Cv and Re

 1.20

Expt.
Data
1.00 1

Exp.
data
1

Expt.
0.80 Data
Cv (discharge co-efficient)

Exp.
data
2

0.60 Expt.
Data
3

Exp.
data
3
0.40

0.20

0.00
10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000

Re (Reynolds number)

Graph of manometer readings (mm) versus flow rate (LPM):

Expt. 1

40

f(x) = 0.04 x² + 0.11 x − 0.05

R² = 0.97
35

30
h (manometer reading in mm)

25

20

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Qa (flow rate in LPM)

Expt. 2
 45

40
f(x) = 0.04 x² − 0.03 x
R² = 1

35

30
h (manometer reading in mm)

25

20

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Qa (flow rate in LPM)

Expt. 3
 45

40 f(x) = 0.04 x² + 0.01 x

R² = 1

35

30
h (manometer reading in mm)

25

20

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Qa (flow rate in LPM)

Discussion:
 Venturimeter is a devise used to measure the discharge through pipe. The
principal of this meter is by reducing the cross section area of flow passes, pressure
difference is created and measurement of pressure difference enables the
determination of the discharge through pipe.

Venturimeter has a convergent cone, a cylindrical throat and a gradually

divergent cone.

The discharge through the venturimeter is calculated by the formula

Qact = Cv * Qt

Where,

Qt = theoretical discharge, which is measured sing manometer reading

Cv = discharge coefficient of venturimeter which is the ratio of actual flow rate and
theoretical flow rate

The discharge coefficient is also dependent upon the diameter angle and
length of conical shape, location of pressure taps and the Reynolds number.

For a given set up the first 3 parameters are fixed so in the experiment we
observe the behavior of discharge coefficient with change in Reynolds number.
According to theoretical explication discharge coefficient remains constant for
higher Reynolds number.

Results and Conclusion:

 The discharge coefficient for venturimeter varies in-between 0.90 to 1.1
This all data are calculated at a higher value of Reynolds number. Some
readings have discharge coefficient greater than 1 this may be because of
experimental error.
 The graph plotted for discharge coefficient verses Reynolds number is very
much straight line.
 In comparison of orifice meter, venturimeter has less pressure loss. The
explanation is that the pressure losses in the convergent section but it pressure
regain in divergent section.
 The graphs of manometer reading verses flow rate were come out to be
parabola which was expected theoretically.

Explanation for Error:

 One of the sources of error is the place where the pressure taps are installed
are right or not.
 There can be error in the measurement of manometer reading.

Precautions:
 Ensure that there is no air in manometer if there are some air bubbles are
present than using air release valve slowly release the air in manometer.
After release the air close the air valves again.
 Never close the delivery line and by pass line simultaneously.