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2BGU APES PARTIAL 1 2017 - 2018

NAME: .............. DATE: October 2017

SUBJECT: AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE TEACHER: John Osborne

COURSE: 2BGU PARALELO: A & B

Score ......../62 Grade ......../10

Write your name at the top of this page.


Do not start the test until told to do so.
The test contains 10 questions, giving a total of 62 marks. Question 1-5 (35 marks) concern the
latest reading; questions 6-8 (19 marks) cover previous topics of the term; questions 9 & 10 (8
marks) are about media articles.
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
Use a pen to write your answers.
Show your working out in any questions requiring calculations.
Calculators may not be used.
If you make mistakes, do not use liquid paper, instead rule a line through the answer and write it
again on the back of the question paper.

1. BIODIVERSITY is said to comprise 4 components. Briefly explain what is meant by each of the 4
components:
i) FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY: .....................................................................................................

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ii) SPECIES DIVERSITY: ...............................................................................................................

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iii) GENETIC DIVERSITY: ..............................................................................................................

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iv) ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: .....................................................................................................

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[8 marks]

2. EVOLUTION refers to the gradual changes that populations of species make over time, leading to
new species. EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION is generally accepted to be the most logical
theory for how evolution occurs.

Using all the words and phrases in the box below, as well as other terms of your choice, write a
paragraph which explains how evolution by natural selection is thought to occur.

Your answer must be prepared in rough on paper before the paragraph is written on this answer
sheet.

mutation survival of the fittest competition adaptation


environmental change reproduction favourable genes population
reproductive isolation species

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[10 marks]

3. The following table is a sample of a very large body of data reported by J. P. Collins, M. L. Crump,
and T. E. Lovejoy III in their book Extinction in Our TimesGlobal Amphibian Decline. It compares
various areas of the world in terms of the number of amphibian species found and the number of
amphibian species that were endemic, or unique to each area. Scientists like to know these percentages
because endemic species tend to be more vulnerable to extinction than do non-endemic species. Study
the table below and then answer the following questions.

i) Which two areas have the highest number of endemic species?

1 ...................................................................................................................................................

2 ....................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

ii) Which two areas have the highest percentage of endemic species?

1 ...................................................................................................................................................

2 ....................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

iii) Which two areas have the lowest number of endemic species?

1 ...................................................................................................................................................

2 ....................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

iv) Which two areas have the lowest percentage of endemic species?

1 ...................................................................................................................................................

2 ....................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
v) Suggest one reason why one habitat or area might have higher endemicity than another.

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[1 mark]

vi) What are the characteristics which all amphibians (organisms of the Class Amphibia) have in
common?

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[2 marks]

vii) Name a non-endemic species that you know, and the habitat where it is found.

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[2 marks]

4. Distinguish between each of the following and give an example of each.

i) PRIMARY ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: ...............................................................................

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ii) SECONDARY ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: .........................................................................

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[4 marks]
5. Climate change is already having a profound impact upon ecosystems, species distribution,
biodiversity and very many other aspects of the living world. Describe one specific example of the
impact of climate change on the living world.

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[4 marks]

6. The map below shows the major tectonic plates of the planet Earth and the movements of the plates
(mm yr-1). Study the map and answer the questions.
i) Name the two tectonic plates which are moving away from each other at the fastest rate?

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[1 mark]

ii) Name the tectonic plate which borders the western coast of the South American continent?

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[1 mark]

iii) What are convergent tectonic plates?

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[1 mark]

iv) Name two adjacent tectonic plates on the map which are converging.

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[1 mark]

v) Locate the African plate and the South American plate on the map. In a period of 17 years,
since the beginning of the 21st century, approximately how far have these two plates moved
away from each other? (Show your working.)

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[3 marks]
7. The diagram below shows the different layers (horizons) found in a typical soil. Complete the diagram
by filling in the labels.

[6 marks]

8. Two thirds of the planet Earth is covered by water. Water has several special, even unique, properties,
which make it an ideal medium in which organisms can live. Sate THREE properties of water and say
how each helps life to survive on Earth. One example is given for you.

Ex. Water is transparent, which means that green plants such as algae are able to photosynthesis
under water.

i) ......................................................................................................................................................

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ii) ......................................................................................................................................................

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iii) ......................................................................................................................................................

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[6 marks]

9. The world's longest river, the Nile, runs through 5 countries of East and North-east Africa. All 5 of the
countries can claim some ownership to the waters of the Nile and all 5 are also negatively contributing
in different ways to the conversion of the River Nile into an environmental disaster.

Outline three activities being carried out by some or all of the nations through which the river runs,
which are converting the Nile into an environmental disaster.

i) ......................................................................................................................................................

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ii) ......................................................................................................................................................

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iii) ......................................................................................................................................................

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[6 marks]

10. The city of Rome in Italy cannot manage its domestic waste. 170,000 tonnes of that waste is now
being transported every year by train to Austria. What does Austria do with Rome's waste?

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[2 marks]

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