Some Basic Concept Of Chemistry

Some Basic Concept Of Chemistry

Basic constituents of matter:- Atoms and molecules.

What is chemistry:- It is the branch of science which deals with the study of
composition, properties and interaction of matter.

Matter:- Anything which has mass and occupies space known as matter. Ex:-
Water, pencil, pen, book etc.

Physical states of matter

Solid, liquid, gas.
Physical state Definite volume Definite shape Example

Solid Yes Yes Book, pen

Liquid Yes No Water, milk
Gas No No CO2, Air

Temperature & pressure effect on physical state

 Classification of matter: -
1. Mixture:
a. Homogeneous mixture
b. Heterogeneous mixture
2. Pure substance:
a. Elements
b. Compounds
1. Mixture: - It contains two or more substances in any ration known as its components.
Ex: - air, tea etc.
a. Homogeneous mixture:- its components are completely mix with each other and have uniform
composition throughout the solution.
Ex:- sugar solution, air.
b. Heterogeneous mixture:- its components do not have uniform composition throughout solution
sometimes different components observed.
Ex:- mixture of salt & sugar, sand & soil.
2. Pure substances:- these have fixed composition.
Ex:- copper, gold, water etc.
a. Elements:- It consists of only one type of particles (i.e. atoms or molecules)
Ex:- H2, O2, Au, Ag.
b. Compounds:- It consist of two or more atoms to give a molecule of compound
Ex:- CO2, NH3, H2O.

Properties of matter
1) Physical properties:- Those properties which can be measured or observed.
2) Chemical properties:- those properties in which chemical changes occurs.
Ex:- Acidity, Basicity, Combustibility etc.
SI :- International System of units
Established by 11th general conference on weight and measures.
Si have seven fundamental units
Other units are divided from seven fundamental units
SI Table
Base physical Symbol for quantity SI units name SI units symbol
quantity
Length l Metre m
Mass m Kilogram Kg
Time t Second s
Current I Ampere A
Temperature T Kelvin K
Amount of substance n Mole Mol
Luminous intensity Iv candela Cd

Prefixes for SI Units

Multiple Prefix Symbol

10-24 Yocto y
10-21 Zepto z
10-18 Atto a
10-15 Femto f
 10-12 Pico p
10-9 Nano n
10-6 Micro
-3
10 Milli m
10-2 Centi c
10-1 Deci d
10 Deca da
102 Hecto h
103 Kilo k
6
10 Mega M
109 Giga G
1012 Tera T
1015 Peta P
1018 Exa E
1021 Zeta Z
24
10 yotto Y
Mass:- amount of matter in object
1 kg = 1000 gram
Weight: -force on the object by gravity.
Volume:- (length)3
1 L = 1000 ml, 1000 cm3 = 1dm3
Density:- Amount of mass per unit volume.
SI unit :- Kgm-3