Undersampling

Plot of sample rates (y axis) versus the upper edge frequency (x axis) for a band of width 1; grays areas are
combinations that are "allowed" in the sense that no two frequencies in the band alias to same frequency. The
darker gray areas correspond to undersampling with the lowest allowable sample rate.
Main article: Undersampling
When one samples a bandpass signal at a rate lower than the Nyquist rate, the samples are
equal to samples of a low-frequency alias of the high-frequency signal; the original signal will still
be uniquely represented and recoverable if the spectrum of its alias does not cross over half the
sampling rate. Such undersampling is also known as bandpass sampling, harmonic sampling, IF
sampling, and direct IF to digital conversion.[4]

[edit]Oversampling

Oversampling is used in most modern analog-to-digital converters to reduce the distortion

introduced by practical digital-to-analog converters, such as a zero-order hold instead of
idealizations like the WhittakerShannon interpolation formula.